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Chapter 9C

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27 views15 pages

Chapter 9C

Uploaded by

Ibraahim Abdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter Reinforced Concrete Design

theory and examples


9 Presented by:
Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah)

Columns
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

Reference Book

Reinforced Concrete
Design
Prab Bhatt, Thomas J.MacGinley

and Ban Seng Choo

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-2
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

9.6.1 Braced and Un-braced Columns


An essential step in the design of a column is to determine whether the proposed dimensions
and framing arrangement will result in the column being ‘short’ or a ‘slender’. If the
column is slender, additional moments due to deflection must be added to the moments
from the primary analysis. In general columns in buildings are ‘short’,
Clause 3.8.1.3 of the code defines short and slender columns as follows:
1. For a braced structure, the column is considered as short if both the slenderness ratios
lex/h and ley/b are less than 15. If either ratio is greater than 15, the column is considered
as slender.

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-3
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

9.6.1 Braced and Un-braced Columns


2. For an un-braced structure, the column is considered as short if both the slenderness
ratios lex/h and ley/b are less than 10. If either ratio is greater than 10 the column is considered
as slender.
Here h is the column depth perpendicular to the XX axis, b is the column width perpendicular
to the YY axis, lex is the effective height in respect of the XX axis and ley is the
effective height in respect of the YY axis.

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-4
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

9.6.2 Effective Height of a Column


The effective height of a column depends on

1. the actual height between floor beams, base and floor beams or lateral supports
2. the column section dimensions h×b
3. the end conditions such as the stiffness of beams framing into the columns or whether
the column to base connection is designed to resist moment
4. whether the column is braced or un-braced

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-5
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

9.6.2 Effective Height of a Column


For a braced column the effective height will always be less than or equal to the actual
height. In contrast, the effective height of an un-braced column will always be greater
than the actual height except in the case where sway occurs without rotation at the ends
(Fig.9.25). It is important to note that the effective heights of a column in two plan directions
may well be different. Also, the column may be braced in one direction but unbraced
in the other direction.

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-6
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

9.6.3 Effective Height Estimation From BS 8110


Two methods are given in the code to determine the effective height of a column:
1. Simplified recommendations given in BS 8110: Part 1, clause 3.8.1.6, that can be used
in normal cases
2. A more rigorous method given in BS8110: Part 2, section 2.5
Clause 3.8.1.6.1 states that the general equation for obtaining effective heights is:

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-7
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

9.6.3 Effective Height Estimation From BS 8110


Le= βl0
where L0 is the clear height between end restraints and β is a coefficient from Tables 3.19
and 3.20 of the code for braced and un-braced columns; β is a function of the end condition.
In Tables 3.19 and 3.20 the end conditions are defined in terms of a scale from 1 to 4.
An increase in the scale corresponds to a decrease in end fixity. The four end conditions
are as follows.

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-8
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1-9
Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1 - 10


Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

9.6.3 Effective Height Estimation From BS 8110


Condition 1. The end of the column is connected monolithically to beams on either side
which are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the column. When the column is
connected to a foundation structure this should be designed to carry moment.
Condition 2 The end of the column is connected monolithically to beams or slabs on either
side which are shallower than the overall dimension of the columns.
Condition 3 The end of the column is connected to members that, while not designed
specifically to provide restraint, do provide some nominal restraint.

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1 - 11


Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1 - 12


Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1 - 13


Chapter 8
Reinforced Concrete Design

9.6 EFFECTIVE HEIGHTS OF COLUMNS

9.6.3 Effective Height Estimation From BS 8110


Condition 4 The end of the column is unrestrained against both lateral movement and
rotation, i.e. it is the free end of a cantilever.
Some values of β from Tables 3.19 and 3.20 of the code are as follows:
Braced column:
Top end, condition 1 β=0.75
Bottom end, condition 1 Essentially fixed ends
Un-braced column:
Bottom end, condition 4 β=2.2 Top end, condition 1 Essentially a cantilever.

Presented by : Mohamed Abdirahman Ahmed (Eng. fitah), Faculty of Civil Engineering, 1 - 14


The End ...
Any questions

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