MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

(MMW)

Designed to give a background in

Mathematics.
Encourage students to
manipulate and experience a
reduced set of all topics
 -MMW is prescribed by the CHED
which includes
1. key concepts of Mathematics in
our world
2. mathematical language and
symbols
3. problem solving and reasoning
4. data management
5. geometric designs
6. Linear Programming
7. The Mathematics of Finance,
7. Apportionment and Voting
8. Logic
9. Mathematics of Graph
10. Mathematical system
11. Beauty of Code
CHAPTER 1. MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD

1.1 Patterns & Numbers in Nature

1.2 Fibonacci Numbers
1.3 Patterns and Regularities
1.4 Behavior of Nature
1.5 Applications of Math
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities

in the world
2. Explain the importance of Mathematics in
one’s life
3. Express appreciation for Mathematics as a
human endeavor
 what is physical is subject to the laws
...
of mathematics,
and what is spiritual to the laws of God,
and the laws of mathematics are but the
expression of the thoughts of God.

Thomas Hillen
To be properly relied upon, the
mathematical laws must have
attributes that indicate an origin in
God. They are truly everywhere,
true always, cannot be defied or
defeated, and are rational and
have language characteristics.
Omnipresent, omnipotent,
eternal,personal.
Math is an expression of the mind of God.
The Christian says that these areas'
bond, or coherence, is God's
creative and sustaining activity in Christ.
God has created the world a plurality, as
we can see from. Nevertheless, it is a
plurality that is structured and related.
And hence truths of various kinds are
related.
We can already see that mathematics plays at least
two roles.
1. The first role relates to symmetries, which
represent foundational concepts since they are not
readily derivable from more fundamental
concepts.
2. 2.The second role is related to calculation,
where equations are used to quantify physical
phenomena. Some equations are known to be
derivable from more fundamental principles,
and some have been adopted as
foundational concepts,
 Thus, we can use physical pictures in mathematics
(e.g., geometry), we can apply mathematics to the
world of motion of objects (physics), we can
apply logic to mathematics (in proofs).
As we assured that things await to be discovered with
these fields because of Christ the Order of creation. For
the same reason, we are not surprised to find close
relations between different areas of mathematics:
for example, set theory, group theory, complex variable
theory, and topology.
 The physical subject to the laws of
mathematics is to determine the concept of the
things we see in this world. God is the necessary
foundation for mathematics. The result of both
human creativity and human discovery can
exhibit the degree of success and universal
applicability to quantifying the physical world,
as exemplified by the laws of physics.
God, a mathematician, refers to the
omnipotent powers of mathematics to describe
our world.
Patterns
-in nature are visible regularities of form
found in the natural world and also be
seen in universe.
-man has developed a formal system of
thought for recognizing, classifying and
exploiting patterns which we called
mathematics.
NATURE PATTERNS
are not just to be admired , they are
vital clues to the rules that govern natural
processes.
PATTERNS posses a utility as well as
beauty and once we have learned to
recognize a background pattern, we can
immediately appreciate it.
(MMW by Sirug)
Activity: Search for the pictures of the following
1. Four Seasons (WSSF)
2. Snowflakes
3. Fish Patterns A- spotted trunkfish, spotted
puffer,
4. Fish Patterns B-- blue spotted stingray and
spotted moral eel,
5. Fish Patterns C-coral grouper, red lionfish
6. Fish Patterns D- yellow boxfish, angel fish
7. Patterns of Stripes -Zebras, tigers, and cats
8. Patterns of Spots - leopards and hyenas
9. Patterns of blotches - Giraffes
Activity:
10. Natural Patterns A- intricate waves across the ocean;
san dunes on deserts;
11. Natural Patterns B -the formation of typhoons, water
drops with ripple
12. Natural Patterns C - Ball of mackerel, the
v-formation of geese in the sky, the tornado formation
of starlings
13. Pattern in locomotion - scuttling of insects, the flight
of birds, the pulsation of jellyfish. wavelike movements
of fish and worms
 Activity: WHAT TO DO
1. Look for a partner/group of three…
2. Search for a colored picture, print in
the size of a short bond paper.
3. Look for the explanation and discuss
in front.
Homework : 20 points
CP/Activity 1: 20 points
UNIT 1.3 - PATTERNS AND REGULARITIES
The Vitruvian Man is da Vinci's study
of the human form, which is meant to
be perfectly proportionate through the
application of geometry and
mathematics. Its only meaning is to
demonstrate the perfect ratios and
proportions found in human anatomy.
 1.3

FIBONACCI
NUMBERS
 Who Was Fibonacci?

~ Born in Pisa, Italy in 1175 AD

~ Full name was Leonardo Pisano
~ Grew up with a North African education under the Moors
~ Traveled extensively around the Mediterranean coast
~ Met with many merchants and learned their systems of
arithmetic
~ Realized the advantages of the Hindu-Arabic system
 Fibonacci’s
Mathematical
Contributions
~ Introduced the Hindu-Arabic number system into Europe
~ Based on ten digits and a decimal point
~ Europe previously used the Roman number system
~ Consisted of Roman numerals

~ Persuaded mathematicians to use the Hindu-Arabic number system

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 .
 Mathematical
Contributions Continued

~ Wrote five mathematical works

~ Four books and one preserved letter
~ Liber Abbaci (The Book of Calculating) written in 1202
~ Practica geometriae (Practical Geometry) written in 1220
~ Flos written in 1225
~ Liber quadratorum (The Book of Squares) written in 1225
~ A letter to Master Theodorus written around 1225
 The Fibonacci Numbers

~ Were introduced in The Book of Calculating

~ Series begins with 0 and 1
~ Next number is found by adding the last two numbers together
~ Number obtained is the next number in the series
~ Pattern is repeated over and over

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, …

F(n + 2) = F(n + 1) + Fn
•, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,
34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377,
610, 987, …
The Fibonacci Numbers in Nature

~ Fibonacci spiral found in both snail and sea shells

 The Fibonacci Numbers
in Nature Continued

Lilies and irises = 3 petals Buttercups and wild roses = 5 petals

Corn marigolds = 13 petals Black-eyed Susan’s = 21 petals

 The Fibonacci Numbers in Nature
Continued
~ The Fibonacci numbers can be found in pineapples and bananas
~ Bananas have 3 or 5 flat sides
~ Pineapple scales have Fibonacci spirals in sets of 8, 13, 21
 1.3
THE
GOLDEN
SECTION
 The Golden Section

~ Represented by the Greek letter Phi

~ Phi equals ± 1.6180339887 … and ± 0.6180339887 …
~ Ratio of Phi is 1 : 1.618 or 0.618 : 1
~ Mathematical definition is Phi2 = Phi + 1
~ Euclid showed how to find the golden section of a line
<-------1-------> GB = AG or 1 – g = g
A G B
AG AB g 1
g 1-g
so that g2 = 1 – g
The Golden Section and The
Fibonacci Numbers

~ The Fibonacci numbers arise from the golden section

~ The graph shows a line whose gradient is Phi
~ First point close to the line is (0, 1)
~ Second point close to the line is (1, 2)
~ Third point close to the line is (2, 3)
~ Fourth point close to the line is (3, 5)
~ The coordinates are successive Fibonacci numbers
 The Golden Section and The
Fibonacci Numbers Continued
~ The golden section arises from the Fibonacci numbers
~ Obtained by taking the ratio of successive terms in the Fibonacci series
~ Limit is the positive root of a quadratic equation and is called the golden section
The Golden Section and Geometry
~ Is the ratio of the side of a regular pentagon to its diagonal
~ The diagonals cut each other with the golden ratio
~ Pentagram describes a star which forms parts of many flags

European Union

United States
• The Golden Proportion is the basis of the Golden
Rectangle, whose sides are in golden proportion to
each other.

• The Golden Rectangle is considered to be the most

visually pleasing of all rectangles.
• For this reason, as well as its practicality, it is used
extensively:

• In all kinds of design, art, architecture, advertising,

packaging, and engineering; and can therefore be
found readily in everyday objects.
• Quickly look at the rectangular shapes on each slide.
• Chose the one figure on each slide you feel has the
most appealing dimensions.
• Make note of this choice.
• Make this choice quickly, without thinking long or
hard about it.
• What was special about these special
rectangles?
• Clearly it is not their size.
• It was their proportions.
• The rectangles c and d were probably the
rectangles chosen as having the most
pleasing shapes.
• Measure the lengths of the sides of these
rectangles. Calculate the ratio of the length
of the longer side to the length of the shorter
side for each rectangles.
• Was it approximately 1.6?
• This ratio approximates the famous Golden Ratio of
the ancient Greeks.
• These special rectangles are called Golden
Rectangles because the ratio of the length of the
longer side to the length of the shorter side is the
Golden Ratio.
• Golden Rectangles can be found in the shape
of playing cards, windows, book covers, file
cards, ancient buildings, and modern
skyscrapers.
• Many artists have incorporated the Golden
Rectangle into their works because of its
aesthetic appeal.
• It is believed by some researchers that
classical Greek sculptures of the human body
were proportioned so that the ratio of the
total height to the height of the navel was
the Golden Ratio.
• The ancient Greeks considered the Golden Rectangle
to be the most aesthetically pleasing of all
rectangular shapes.
• It was used many times in the design of the famous
Greek temple, the Parthenon.
 The Golden Section in
Architecture

~ Golden section appears in many of the proportions of the Parthenon in

Greece
~ Front elevation is built on the golden section (0.618 times as wide as it is tall)
 The Golden Section in
Architecture Continued
~ Golden section can be found in the Great pyramid in Egypt
~ Perimeter of the pyramid, divided by twice its vertical height is the
value of Phi
 The Golden Section in
Architecture Continued
~ Golden section can be found in the design of Notre Dame in Paris
~ Golden section continues to be used today in modern architecture

United Nations Headquarters Secretariat building

 The Golden Section in
Music
~ Stradivari used the golden section to place the f-holes in his famous violins
~ Baginsky used the golden section to construct the contour and arch of violins
 The Golden Section in
Music Continued
~ Mozart used the golden section when composing music
~ Divided sonatas according to the golden section
~ Exposition consisted of 38 measures
~ Development and recapitulation consisted of 62 measures
~ Is a perfect division according to the golden section
 The Golden Section in
Music Continued

~ Beethoven used the golden section in his famous Fifth Symphony

~ Opening of the piece appears at the golden section point (0.618)
~ Also appears at the recapitulation, which is Phi of the way through the
piece
Examples of the Golden Ratio

• On the next pages you will see examples of the Golden

Ratio (Proportion)
• Many of them have a gauge, called the Golden Mean
Gauge, superimposed over the picture.
• This gauge was developed by Dr. Eddy Levin DDS, for use
in dentistry and is now used as the standard for the
dental profession.
• The gauge is set so that the two openings will always
stay in the Golden Ration as they open and close.
Golden Mean Gauge: Invented by Dr. Eddy Levin DDS
• Dentistry (The reason for the gauge’s creation)…
• The human face…
.
• Architecture…
• The Automotive industry…
• Music and Musical reproduction…
• Fashion…
• Hand writting…
• General Design…
The Bagdad City Gate
Dome of
St. Paul:
London,
England
The Great Wall of
The Parthenon: Greece
Windson Castle
. Here you will see the Golden Ratio as it presents
itself in Nature…
• Animals…
• Plants…
• See if you can identify what you are looking at.
 Bibliography

http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fib.html
http://evolutionoftruth.com/goldensection/goldsect.htm
http://pass.maths.org.uk/issue3/fiibonacci/
http://www.sigmaxi.org/amsci/issues/Sciobs96/Sciobs96-03MM.html
http://www.violin.odessa.ua/method.html