MATHEMATICS SOLUTION

CBCGS (DEC – 2019) SEM – 3

BRANCH – COMPUTER ENGINEERING

𝟐𝛚𝐬
Q1. a) If 𝐋{𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛚𝐭} = 𝟐 . 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐋{𝛚𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐭𝛚𝐭 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛚𝐭} [5]
(𝐬 𝟐 +𝛚𝟐 )

Soln.: L{ωtcostωt + sinωt}

L{ωtcosωt} + L{sin ωt}
ω L{tcosωt} + L{sin ωt} -----(i)
Finding L{tcosωt};
s
L[cos ωt] = s2 +ω2

d s s2 −ω2
L[tcos ωt] = − ds (s2 +ω2 ) = s2 +ω2
1
L[sin ωt] = s2 +ω2

Substituting in (i), we get;

𝐬 𝟐 −𝛚𝟐 𝟏
𝐋{𝛚𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐭𝛚𝐭 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛚𝐭} = 𝛚 𝐬𝟐 +𝛚𝟐 + 𝐬𝟐+𝛚𝟐

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Q1. b) If 𝐟(𝐳) = (𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐚𝐱𝐲 + 𝐛𝐲 𝟐 ) + 𝐢(𝐜𝐱 𝟐 + 𝐝𝐱𝐲 + 𝐲 𝟐 ) is analytic, find a, b, c and d. [5]

Soln.: We have f(z) = u + iv and u = (x 2 + axy + by 2 ); v = (cx 2 + dxy + y 2 )

 ux = 2x + ay uy = ax + 2by

vx = 2cx + dy vy = dx + 2y

By CR equation,
ux = vy

2x + ay = dx + 2y
On comparing the coefficients,
a = 2 and d = 2
Also, uy = −vx
 ax + 2by = −(2cx + dy)
2x + 2by = −2cx − 4y
On comparing the coefficients,
c = −1 and b = −2
Ans: 𝐚 = 𝟐, 𝐛 = −𝟐, 𝐜 = −𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝 = 𝟐

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Q1. c) Find the Fourier series of expansion of 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐱 𝟑 (−𝛑, 𝛑) [5]

Soln. : f(x) = x 3 is an odd function as f(x) = f(−x) = −f(x)
Therefore in the range (−π, π) , a0 = a1 = 0
2 π
 bn = π ∫0 f(x) sin(nx) dx
2 π
bn = π ∫0 x 3 sin(nx) dx
2 cosnx sinnx cosnx sinnx
bn = π [x 3 (− ) − {3x 2 (− )} + 6x ( ) − 6( )] π0
n n2 n3 n4

2 cosnπ sinnπ cosnπ sinnπ

bn = π [π3 (− ) − {3π2 (− )} + 6π ( )− 6( ) − {0 − 0 + 0 − 0}]
n n2 n3 n4

2 (−1)n (−1)n
bn = π [π3 (− ) + 6π ( )]
n n3

−1n −1n
bn = 2 [−π2 ( ) + 6 ( n3 )]
n

12 2π2
bn = (−1)n [n3 − ]
n

Fourier series for the given function is given as: f(x) = ∑x=∞
x=1 bn sin nx
𝐱=∞
𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝛑𝟐
𝐟(𝐱) = ∑ (−𝟏)𝐧 [ − ] 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐧𝐱
𝐧𝟑 𝐧
𝐱=𝟏

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Q1. d) If the two regression equations are 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟓𝐲 + 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝐱 − 𝟗𝐲 − 𝟏𝟎𝟕 = 𝟎. Find:
i) The mean values of x and y
ii) The Correlation Coefficient
iii) Standard Deviation of y if variance of x is 9 [5]

Soln.:
i) Solving the equations simultaneously,
4x − 5y = −33
20x − 9y = 107
We get 𝐱̅= 13 and 𝐲̅=17

ii) Suppose the second equation represents the line of regression of X on Y

20x = 9y + 107
9
bxy = 20

Suppose the first equation represents the line of regression of X on Y

5y = 4x + 33
4
byx = 5

9 4
r = √bxy . byx = √20 . 5 = 𝟎. 𝟔

σ
iii) byx = r σy
x
4 σy
= 0.6( 3 ) [Standard devn = √variance]
5
𝛔𝐲 = 𝟒

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Q2. a) Show that the function is harmonic and find the harmonic conjugate. [6]
𝐮 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡𝐲 − 𝟐𝐱𝐲

Soln.: Given: u = cos x coshy − 2xy

Partially double differentiating wrt x and y.
ux = − cosh y sin x − 2y
u2x = − cosh y cos x
uy = cos x sinh y − 2x

u2y = cos x coshy

 By Laplace’s equation,
u2x + u2y = 0

− cosh y cos x + cos x coshy = 0 = RHS

Thus, the function is harmonic
− ∫ uy dx = − ∫ (cos x sinh y − 2x)dx

= -sin x sinh y + x 2
Integrating terms in ux free from x
∫ −2y dy = −y 2

 𝐯 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐲 + 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐲 𝟐 + 𝐜

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∞ 𝐭
Q2. b) Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝐞−𝐭 (∫𝟎 𝐮𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐮 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝐮 𝐝𝐮)𝐝𝐭 using Laplace Transform [6]
1 1 1 2
Soln.: L[sinh u cosh u] = 2 [2 sinh u cosh u] = 2 L[sinh 2u] = 2 [s2 −22 ]

d2 1
L[u2 sinh u cosh u] = ds2 (s2−4)

d 2s 2(3s2 +4)
(− s2 −4) = (s2 −4)3
ds

t 2(s2 +4)
L [∫0 u2 sinh u cosh u du] = s(s2 −4)3

∞ t 2(3s2 +4)
∫0 e−st (∫0 u2 sinh u cosh u du)dt = s(s2 −4)3

Put s=1, we get

∞ 𝐭
𝟐( 𝟑 + 𝟒) 𝟏𝟒
∫ 𝐞 (∫ 𝐮𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡 𝐮 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐡 𝐮 𝐝𝐮)𝐝𝐭 =
−𝐭
𝟑
=−
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏( 𝟏 − 𝟒) 𝟐𝟕

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 𝐱 ; −𝟏 < 𝐱 < 𝟎
Q2. c) Find the Fourier Series expansion of 𝐟(𝐱) = { [8]
𝐱 + 𝟐 ;𝟎 < 𝐱 < 𝟏
Soln.: Fourier series for f(x) is given by:

∞ ∞
nπx nπx
f(x) = a0 + ∑ an cos ( ) + ∑ bn sin ( )
l l
n=1 n=1
1 1 1 0 1
a0 = ∫ f(x)dx = 2 [∫−1(x + 2)dx + ∫0 xdx]
2l −1

1 x2 +4x 0 x2
a0 = 2 [( ) −1 + ( 2 ) 10]
2

1 3 1
a0 = 2 [(0 + 2) + (2)] = 1

1 1 nπx 0 1
an = l ∫−1 f(x)cos( )dx = [∫−1(x + 2)cos(nπx)dx + ∫0 xcos(nπx)dx]
l

(x+2) 2(cos nπx) 0 x 1(cos nπx) 1

an = 1 [( sin nπx + ) −1 + (nπ sin nπx + ) 0]
nπ n2 π 2 n2 π 2

2 2 (−1)n (−1)n
an = 1 [(0 + n2 π2 − 0 − n2 π2 ) + (0 + −0− )] = 0
n2 π 2 n2 π 2

1 1 nπx 0 1
bn = l ∫−1 f(x)sin( )dx = [∫−1(x + 2)sin(nπx)dx + ∫0 xsin(nπx)dx]
l

(x+2) 2(sin nπx) 0 x 1(sin nπx) 1

bn = 1 [(− cos nπx + ) −1 + (− nπ cos nπx + ) 0]
nπ n2 π 2 n2 π 2

2 (−1)n (−1) n 2
bn = 1 [(− nπ − 0 + − 0) + (− − 0)] = − nπ
nπ nπ

Substituting the values in expansion,

∞
2 1 nπx
f(x) = 1 − ∑ sin ( )
π n l
n=1

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Q3.a) Find the Analytic function f(z)=u+iv if 𝐮 − 𝐯 = 𝐞𝐱 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐲 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐲) [6]

Soln.: Let U = u − v = ex (cos y − sin y)
Ux = ex (cos y − sin y) = ϕ1(x)
Uy = ex (− sin y − cos y) = −ex (sin y + cos y) = ϕ2(x)

 (1 + i)f ′ (z) = Ux − iUy = ϕ1(z, 0) − iϕ2(z, 0)

  (1 + i)f(z) = ∫[ez + iez ]dz = (1 + i) ∫ ez dz = (1 + i)ez + C

 𝐟(𝐳) = 𝐞𝐳 + 𝐂

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𝟓𝐳 𝟏
Q3.b) Find Inverse Z transform of (𝟐𝐳−𝟏)(𝐳−𝟑) < |𝐳 | < 𝟑 [6]
𝟐

5z
Soln.: We have, F(Z) = (2z−1)(z−3)

Applying Partial fractions;

z A B
= +
(2z − 1)(z − 3) 2z − 1 z − 3
z A(z − 3) + B(2z − 1)
=
(2z − 1)(z − 3) (2z − 1)(z − 3)
Comparing the coefficients on both the sides,
1 = A + 2B and 0 = 3A + B
Solving the equations simultaneously,
1 3
A = − 5 and B = 5

5z 3 1
=[ − ]
(2z − 1)(z − 3) z − 3 2z − 1

5z 3 1
=[ − ]
(2z − 1)(z − 3) z−3 1
2(z − 2)

5z 3 1
= [− z − ]
(2z − 1)(z − 3) 3(1 − 3) 2z(1 − 1 )
2z

5z 1 1
= [− z − ]
(2z − 1)(z − 3) 1(1 − 3) 2z(1 − 1 )
2z

5z z −1 1 1 −1
= [− (1 − ) − (1 − ) ]
(2z − 1)(z − 3) 3 2z 2z
 5z z z2 z n 1 1 1 1
= [− (1 + + + ⋯ + ( ) ) − (1 + + 2 + ⋯ + )]
(2z − 1)(z − 3) 3 9 3 2z 2z 4z (2z)n

Coefficient of z n in first series = −3

Put n=-k

z −k = −3 k > =0
1
Coefficient of z −n in second series = 2n

Put n=k
1
z −k = 2k k>=0

𝟏
𝐙 −𝟏 [𝐅(𝐙)] = −𝟑 + ; 𝐤 >= 𝟎
𝟐𝐤

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Q3. c) Solve the differential equation using Laplace Transform: [8]

(D2 − 2D + 1)y = et , y(0) = 2 and y ′ (0) = −1

Soln.: Let L(y) = y̅, then taking Laplace transform on both sides,
L(y′′) − 2L(y ′ ) + L(y) = L(et )
But L(y′) = sy̅ − y(0) = sy̅ − 2
and L(y′′) = s 2 y̅ − sy(0) − y ′ (0) = s2 y̅ − 2s + 1
1
and L(et ) = s−1

 the equation becomes,

1
s2 y̅ − 2s + 1 − 2(sy̅ − 2) + y̅ = s−1
1
 s2 y̅ − 2s + 1 − 2sy̅ + 4 + y̅ = s−1
1 1
 y̅(s 2 − 2s + 1) = s−1 + 2s − 5  y̅(s − 1)2 = s−1 + 2s − 5
1 2s 5
 y̅ = (s−1)(s−1)2 + (s−1)2 − (s−1)2

1 2s 5
 y̅ = (s−1)3 + (s−1)2 − (s−1)2

et t2 (s−1) 1 5 et t2 1 1 5
 y̅ = 2
+ 2 [(s−1)2 + (s−1)2 ] − (s−1)2  y̅ = 2
+ 2 [(s−1) + (s−1)2 ] − (s−1)2
 et t2 3
y̅ = + 2[et ] − (s−1)2
2

et t2 3et et t2
 + 2[et ] − (s)2
 + 2[et ] − 3tet
2 2

𝐞𝐭𝐭𝟐 𝟑𝐞𝐭 𝐞𝐭 𝐭𝟐
𝐀𝐧𝐬 ∶ + 𝟐[𝐞𝐭 ] − (𝐬)𝟐
 + 𝟐[𝐞𝐭 ] − 𝟑𝐭𝐞𝐭
𝟐 𝟐

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Q4. a) Find the Complex form of Fourier Series for f(x)= cos ax ; (-π,π) [6]
Soln.: We have cos ax = (eaix + e−aix ) / 2
Complex form of f(x) is given by f(x) = ∑∞
−∞ Cn e
inx

For eaix :
1 π 1 π
Cn = 2π ∫−π f(x)e−inx dx = 2π ∫−π eaix e−inx dx

1 e(ai−in)x π 1
= [ ] = (eaiπ e−inx − e−aiπ einπ )
2π a − in −π 2π(ai − in)

We know einπ = (−1)n


1 aiπ n −aiπ n
(−1)n
Cn = (e (−1) − e (−1) ) = (eaiπ − e−aiπ )
2π(ai − in) 2π(ai − in)
Multiply and divide by 2,

(−1) n eaiπ −e−aiπ (−1)n i(−1) n

Cn = ( )= (sinh aiπ) = sin aπ
π(ai−in) 2 π(ai−in) π(ai−in)

i(−1)n ai+in i(−1)n (ai+in) (−1)n (a+n)

Cn = π(ai−in) sin aπ . ai+in = sin aπ = sin aπ
π(−a2 +n2 ) π(a2 −n2 )


∞
sin aπ (−1)n (a + n) inx
f(x) = ∑ e
π (a2 − n2 )
−∞

Similarly for e−aix , we get

∞
sin aπ (−1)n (a − n) inx
f(x) = ∑ e
π (a2 − n2 )
−∞


cos ax = (eaix + e−aix ) / 2
 ∞ ∞
sin aπ (−1)n (a + n) inx sin aπ (−1)n (a − n) inx
cos ax = ∑ e + ∑ e
2π (a2 − n2 ) 2π (a2 − n2 )
−∞ −∞
∞
𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝛑 (−𝟏)𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐱
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐚𝐱 = ∑ 𝟐 𝐞
𝛑 (𝐚 − 𝐧𝟐 )
−∞

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Q4. b) Find the Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient between X and Y. [6]
X 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
Y 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70

Soln.:
Sr No. X R1 Y R2 D = (R1 − R2)^2
1 68 7 62 6 1
2 64 5 58 4 1
3 75 8.5 68 7.5 1
4 50 2 45 1 1
5 64 5 81 10 25
6 80 8.5 60 5 12.25
7 75 10 68 7.5 6.25
8 40 1 48 2 1
9 55 3 50 3 0
10 64 5 70 9 16
N=10 ∑=64.5

m1=3, m2=2 and m3=3

1 1 1
6 [ΣD2 + 12 (m13 − m1) + 12 (m23 − m2) + 12 (m33 − m3)]
R=1−
N3 − N
1 1 1
6 [64.5 + 12 (24) + 12 (6) + 12 (6)]
R=1−
990
𝐀𝐧𝐬 ∶ 𝐑 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟐𝟕

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Q4.c) Find the inverse Laplace transform of
𝐬−𝟏 𝐞−𝛑𝐬
𝐢) 𝐬𝟐+𝟐𝐬+𝟐 𝐢𝐢) 𝐬𝟐 (𝐬𝟐+𝟏) [8]

Soln.:
s−1 (s+1)−1
i) L−1 [s2 +2s+2] = L−1 [(s+1)2 +1]

(s+1) 1
= L−1 [(s+1)2 +1 − (s+1)2 +1]

(s) 1
= e−t L−1 [(s)2+1 − (s)2+1]

== e−t [cos t − sin t]

𝐞−𝛑𝐬
ii) L−1 [𝐬𝟐(𝐬𝟐 +𝟏)]

1
Here ϕ(s) = s2 (s2 +1) and a = π

1
L−1 [ϕ(s)] = L−1 [s2 (s2+1)]

Applying convolution theorem,

1 1
Let Φ1 (s) = s2 ; Φ2 (s) = s2 +1

 L−1 [Φ1 (s)] = t ; L−1 [Φ2 (s)] = sin t

t
L−1 [ϕ(s)] = ∫0 sin t . (t − u)du
u2 t t2
=sin t [tu − ] = sin t(t 2 − 2 )
2 0

𝐞−𝛑𝐬
 L−1 [𝐬𝟐 (𝐬𝟐 +𝟏)] = 𝐟(𝐭 − 𝐚)𝐇(𝐭 − 𝐚)


−1
𝐞−𝛑𝐬 𝟐
(𝐭 − 𝛑)𝟐
Ans: L [ 𝟐 𝟐 ] = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐭 − 𝛑) [(𝐭 − 𝛑) − ] 𝐇(𝐭 − 𝛑)
𝐬 ( 𝐬 + 𝟏) 𝟐
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Q5. a) Find the 𝐙{𝐟(𝐤)} = 𝟒𝐤 , 𝐤 < 𝟎 [6]

= 𝟑𝐤 , 𝐤 ≥ 𝟎

Soln.: By definition Z{f(k)} = ∑∞

k=−∞ f(k)z
−k

 Z{f(k)} = ∑k=−∞
−1
4k z −k + ∑∞ k −k
k=0 3 z

Putting k = -n in the first series, we get

−1 ∞
−n n
Z{f(k)} = ∑ 4 z + ∑ 3k z −k
k=−∞ k=0

z z2 3 32
Z{f(k)} = [ + 2 + ⋯ ] + [1 + + 2 + ⋯ ]
4 4 z z

z z z2 3 32
Z{f(k)} = [1 + + 2 + ⋯ ] + [1 + + 2 + ⋯ ]
4 4 4 z z
4 z
Z{f(k)} = [ ]+[ ]
4−z z−3

ROC is 3 < |z| < 4

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Q5.b) Show that {cos x, cos 2x, cos 3x, … } is orthogonal set over the interval [0,2π]. Construct
the corresponding orthonormal set. [6]
Soln.: We have fn (x) = cos nx; n = 1,2,3
π π
Therefore, ∫−π fm (x)fn (x)dx  ∫−π cos m x. cos nxdx
1 π 1 sin(m+n)x sin(m−n)
2 ∫−π cos(m + n) x + cos(m − n) xdx  2 [ + π
] −π
m+n m−n

Now two cases arises:

1 sin(m+n)x sin(m−n) sin(m+n)π sin(m−n)π
i) When m≠n: [{ + } − {− − }] = 0
2 m+n m−n m+n m−n
π π 1+cos2nx
ii) When m=n: ∫−π cos 2 nx dx = ∫−π dx
2
1 sin 2nx π 1
2
[x +
2n
] −π = [ π + 0 + π − 0] = π ≠ 0
2

Therefore the functions are orthogonal in [-π,π]

 π
∫ [f(x)]2 dx = π
−π

Dividing the equation by π,

π 1 1
∫−π f(x). f(x)dx = 1
√π √π
1
This is obviously an orthonormal set where ϕ(x) = cos nx
√π

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Thus the required orthonormal set is 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱, 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝐱 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝐱, …
√ 𝛑 √ 𝛑 √𝛑

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Q5. c) Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points z= 1, i, -1 into the points w = i,
0, -i. Hence find the image of |z|<1 [8]

az+b
Soln.: Let the transformation be w = cz+d -----(1)

Putting the given values of z and w, we get,

a+b ai+b −a+b
i = c+d ; 0 = ci+d ; −1 = −c+d

From these equalities, we get,

(a+b) - i(c+d) = 0 -----(2) b+ia=0 -----(3)
(-a-b) + i(-c+d) = 0 -----(4)
From 2 and 4 we get c=b/i
Subtracting 4 from 2, we get 2a – 2id =0. d=-ia
Putting the values b=-ia, c=-a and d=-ia in (1) we get,
az−ia z−i
w = −az−ia = −z−i
𝐢−𝐳
 𝐰 = 𝐢+𝐳 is the required bilinear transformation.

 wi + wz = i - z
w – i = -z(1 + w)
Further, |z| < 1 is mapped onto the region
i(1 − w)
| |<1
1+w
 |1-w| < |1+w| [|i|=1]
|(1-u)-iv| < |(1+u)+iv|
(1 − u)2 + v 2 < (1 + u)2 + v 2
-4u<0  u>0

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Q6. a) Fit a straight line to the given data [6]

X 10 12 15 23 20
Y 14 17 23 25 21

Soln.:
x y x2 xy
10 14 100 140
12 17 144 204
15 23 225 345
23 25 529 575
20 31 400 620
∑x=80 ∑y=110 ∑ x 2 = 1398 ∑xy=1884

Let the equation be y=a+bx

The normal equations are

Σy = Na + bΣx 110=5a+80b

And Σxy = aΣx + bΣx 2 1884=80a+1398b

Solving the equations simultaneously,

a=306/59 and b=62/59

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Q6.b) Find the Inverse Laplace Transform using convolution theorem [6]
𝟏
(𝐬 − 𝟐)𝟑 (𝐬 + 𝟑)
1 1
Soln.: Let Φ1 (s) = s+3 ; Φ2 (s) = (s−2)3

1 t2
 L−1 [Φ1 (s)] = e−3t ; L−1 [Φ2 (s)] = e2t L−1 [s4 ] = e2t . 2
 t (t−u)2
L−1 [ϕ(s)] = ∫0 e−3u . e2(t−u) . du
2

t (t−u)2
= ∫0 e(2t−5u) . du
2

(t−u)2 −e−5u e−5u e−5u

= e2t [ ( ) − (t − u ) ( ) + ( 125 )] 0t
2 5 25

e−5t (t)2 −1 1 1 e−5t t2 t 1

= e2t [{0 − 0 − ( 125 )} − { ( 5 ) − (t) (25) + (125)}] = e2t [− ( 125 ) + 10 + 25 + 125 ]
2

𝐭𝟐 𝐭 𝟏 𝐞−𝟓𝐭
𝐀𝐧𝐬: 𝐞𝟐𝐭 [( + + )− ]
𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟓

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Q6.c) Find Half Range Cosine Series for f(x)=sin x in (0,π) and hence deduce that [8]
𝛑𝟐 − 𝟖 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟐 𝟐+ 𝟐 𝟐+ 𝟐 𝟐+⋯
𝟏𝟔 𝟏 .𝟑 𝟑 .𝟓 𝟓 .𝟕

Soln.: Let f(x) = a0 + ∑ an cos nx

1 π 1 π 1
a0 = π ∫0 f(x)dx = π ∫0 sin x dx = π [− cos x] π0
1 2
 a0 = − [−1 − 1] =
π π

2 π 2 π
an = π [∫0 f(x) cos nx dx] = π [∫0 sin x cos nx dx]
2 π
an = [∫0 sin(1 + n) x + sin(1 − n) x ]dx
2π

1 − cos(1+n)π cos(1−n)π 1 1
an = π [ − − (− 1+n − 1−n)]
(1+n) 1−n

1 cos nπ cos nπ 1 1
an = π [ (1+n) − + (1+n + n−1)]
n−1

1 (−1)n 2 2 2
an = π [(1+n) (n2−1) − n2 −1] = − π(n2 −1) [(−1)n + 1]

= 0 if n is odd and n is not = 1

4
 an = − π(n2 −1) if n is even

 If n =1 , we get
2 π 1 π 1 cos 2x π
a1 = π ∫0 sin x cos x dx = π ∫0 sin 2xdx = π [− ]0
2
 1 1 1
a1 = π [− 2 + 2] = 0


𝟐 𝟒
𝐀𝐧𝐬: 𝐟(𝐱) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 = −∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐧𝐱
𝛑 𝛑 ( 𝐧𝟐 − 𝟏)

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