21stCL Reviewer (World)

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE pastoral, romanticism to feminism, and various realism
PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD (1st Sem./ 2nd Qtr.) styles including critical realism, psychological realism,
CREATED BY: MCSC
socialist realism, and magical realism.
• CHINESE LITERATURE • • JAPANESE LITERATURE •
Chinese Civilization and Language: Periods of Japanese Literature
- Chinese civilization stands out as one of the ancient Ancient Literature:

civilizations with its distinctive writing concept.
- Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matter): Describes the
- Chinese language, devoid of an alphabet, employs a creation of the world, introduces gods and goddesses of
logographic system, using symbols (characters) to the mythological period, and provides historical facts
convey meanings rather than sounds. about ancient Japan.
- Chinese boasts over 20,000 characters, but the - Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan): Presents Japan's history
average person learns around 5,000 throughout their through poetry and reflects the significant influence of
lifetime. Chinese culture.
Religions and Beliefs: Heian Period:
- China exhibits religious diversity, with Islam having - Man’yoshu (Collection of Myriad Leaves): Oldest
over 22 million followers, Catholicism with four million collection of Japanese poetry, compiled around 800.
adherents, Protestantism exceeding ten million, and a
- Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji): Written by
significant atheist population.
Murasaki Shikibu, considered the pre-eminent
- Red is the traditional color for weddings in China, masterpiece of Heian fiction and the first novel.
symbolizing love, joy, and prosperity. Seclusion is a pre-
Medieval Period:
wedding practice where the bride withdraws from routine
life. - Insights into Life: Civil wars lead to the development of
a warrior class, spawning war tales, histories, and
Astrological and Wedding Traditions:
stories offering insights into life and death, simple
- Chinese couples carefully choose wedding dates lifestyles, and Seppuku.
based on astrological signs, avoiding conflicts with the
- Tale of the Heike: Epic account of the twelfth-century
animal sign of the year.
struggle for control between two clans.
- Brides often practice seclusion, temporarily
Modern Japanese Period:
withdrawing from daily life in preparation for marriage.
Edo Period:
Chinese Literature:
- Chikamatsu Monzaemon: Renowned kabuki dramatist,
- Chinese literature has a history spanning over 30,000
often referred to as Japan’s Shakespeare.
years – dating back to at least the 14th century.
- Literary Diversity: Various genres emerge, fueled by
- Classical Literature (1644-1911): A period covering
rising literacy rates and lending libraries. Chinese
3,000 years – characterized by enduring dynastic
vernacular fiction has a significant impact on Early
changes and works reflecting Buddhist, Taoist, and
Modern Japanese fiction.
traditional Chinese moral philosophies.
Meiji Period:
- Modern and Contemporary Literature (1840-1919):
Literature evolved with historical events, from the Opium - Opening to the West: Marks Japan's re-opening to the
War to the May Fourth Movement, exploring themes West and rapid industrialization.
such as patriotism, social revelation, and a diverse array
- European Influence: Introduction of European
of styles including realism, modernism, and magical
literature, incorporating free verse into poetic expression.
realism.
- Present Age Literature (1949-Present): Chinese

literature in the present age exhibits a plethora of
themes and styles, spanning from revolutionary to
- Literary Achievement: Kawabata Yasunari, Japan's first Notable Works: J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye,"
Nobel Prize for Literature winner, recognized for Toni Morrison's "Beloved," Harper Lee's "To Kill a
narrative mastery and expressing the essence of the Mockingbird."
Japanese mind.
Post-War to Contemporary Literature:

European Literature: written in the languages of
- World War II Impact: Deep influence on Japanese Europe and shaped by cultural periods.
literature, with authors exploring themes of disaffection,
Key Eras in European Literature:
loss, and coping with defeat.
Medieval Literature (500-1500): Written in Latin and
- 1970s and 1980s: Writers focus on intellectual and
vernacular languages, often focused on religious
moral issues, raising social and political consciousness.
themes, chivalry, and courtly love.
- Modern Trends: Japanese fiction shifts to emphasizing Notable Works: "The Divine Comedy" by Dante Alighieri,
inner lives of characters over plot development, and a "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer.
resurgence of old themes. Authors consciously turn to
Renaissance and Enlightenment (14th-18th C.):
the past to reaffirm national characteristics.
Renaissance marked a revival of classical learning, arts,
and literature; enlightenment emphasized reason,
• WESTERN LITERATURE •
science, and individual rights.
Anglo-American Literature: encompasses works Notable Works: William Shakespeare's plays, Voltaire's
produced in English-speaking countries, mainly the "Candide."
United Kingdom and the United States.
Romanticism (late 18th-19th centuries): reaction
Overview of Anglo-American Literature: against Enlightenment rationalism, celebrating emotion,
nature, and individualism.
- The literary tradition has significantly influenced global Notable Works: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust,"
literature, with celebrated authors leaving a lasting Victor Hugo's "Les Misérables," Jane Austen's "Pride
impact. and Prejudice."
- Literary evolution spans key eras, reflecting societal Realism and Naturalism (19th century): sought to
shifts and cultural changes. depict life as it truly was, emphasizing everyday
struggles.
Key Eras in Anglo-American Literature:
Notable Works: Leo Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina," Fyodor
Colonial and Early American Literature (1607-1800): Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment," Charles Dickens'
Influenced by colonial life and religious values. "A Tale of Two Cities."
Notable Works: Anne Bradstreet's poetry, Jonathan
Modernism and Postmodernism (20th c.): marked by
Edwards' sermons.
a departure from traditional forms; Postmodernism
Romantic Period (1800-1850): Focus on nature, embraced fragmented narratives and subjective
individualism, and emotion. perspectives.
Notable Works: Washington Irving's "The Legend of Notable Works: Franz Kafka's "The Trial," Gabriel
Sleepy Hollow," Edgar Allan Poe's poetry. García Márquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude."
Realism and Naturalism (1850-1900): Response to

Romantic idealism, depicting life realistically.
Notable Works: Mark Twain's "Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn," Henry James' "The Portrait of a
Lady."
Modernism (1900-1950): Departure from traditional

forms, embracing new narrative techniques.
Notable Works: F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby,"
T.S. Eliot's poetry, Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man
and the Sea."
Contemporary Period (1950-Present): Diverse styles

and themes reflecting societal changes.

21stCL Reviewer (World)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

21stCL Reviewer (World)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

21stCL Reviewer (World)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE pastoral, romanticism to feminism, and various realism

• CHINESE LITERATURE • • JAPANESE LITERATURE •

Chinese Civilization and Language: Periods of Japanese Literature

- Chinese civilization stands out as one of the ancient Ancient Literature:

Religions and Beliefs: Heian Period:

- Present Age Literature (1949-Present): Chinese

Post-War to Contemporary Literature:

Realism and Naturalism (1850-1900): Response to

Modernism (1900-1950): Departure from traditional

Contemporary Period (1950-Present): Diverse styles

You might also like