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12-8. Module 5 - Dimensional Analysis-15-03-2024

The document discusses the different forces in fluids including inertia, viscous, gravity, pressure, surface tension and elastic forces. It then discusses dimensionless numbers used to characterize these forces including Reynolds, Froude, Euler and Weber numbers. It also defines laminar and turbulent flow regimes based on Reynolds number and characterizes flow types as critical, sub-critical and super-critical using the Froude number.

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deadlyjoker2004
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23 views70 pages

12-8. Module 5 - Dimensional Analysis-15-03-2024

The document discusses the different forces in fluids including inertia, viscous, gravity, pressure, surface tension and elastic forces. It then discusses dimensionless numbers used to characterize these forces including Reynolds, Froude, Euler and Weber numbers. It also defines laminar and turbulent flow regimes based on Reynolds number and characterizes flow types as critical, sub-critical and super-critical using the Froude number.

Uploaded by

deadlyjoker2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BMEE204: Fluid Mechanics and

Machines
Module 5: Dimensional Analysis

Dr. Abinash Mohanta


Assistant Professor (Senior)
Department of Thermal and Energy Engg.
School of Mechanical Engineering
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore
Tamil-Nadu-632014, India
(WhatsApp No.: 07008923013)
Email ID: [email protected]
Cabin: SJT Annex (302W)
FORCES IN FLUIDS
 Inertia Force, Fi
 Viscous Force, Fν
 Gravity Force, Fg
 Pressure Force, Fp
 Surface Tension Force, Fs
 Elastic Force, Fe
Inertia Force, Fi

 Product of mass and acceleration of the flowing fluid and acts


in the direction opposite to the direction of acceleration.

Viscous Force, Fν

 It is the product of shear stress due to viscosity and surface area


of the flow.

Gravity Force, Fg

 It is the product of mass and acceleration due to gravity of


the flowing fluid.
Pressure Force, Fp

 It is the product of pressure intensity and cross-sectional area


of the flowing fluid.

Surface Tension Force, Fs

 It is equal to the surface tension and length of surface of the


flowing fluid.

Elastic Force, Fe

 It is the product of elastic stress and area of flowing fluid.


FORCES IN FLUIDS
 Inertia Force, Fi

 Viscous Force, Fν

 Gravity Force, Fg

 Pressure Force, Fp

 Surface Tension Force, Fs

 Elastic Force, Fe
FORCES AND DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS

 Inertia Force, Fi
 Reynold’s Number, Re
 Viscous Force, Fν
 Froude’s Number, Fr
 Gravity Force, Fg
 Euler’s Number, Eu
 Pressure Force, Fp
 Weber’s Number, We
 Surface Tension Force, Fs
 Mach’s Number, M
 Elastic Force, Fe
FORCES IN FLUIDS
 Inertia Force, Fi

 Viscous Force, Fν

 Gravity Force, Fg

 Pressure Force, Fp

 Surface Tension Force, Fs

 Elastic Force, Fe
Reynold’s Number, Re
 It is defined as the ratio of inertia force of a
flowing fluid and the viscous force of the fluid.
LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOWS – REYNOLDS
NUMBER

 Re>2000 --- Turbulent


Froude’s Number, Fe
 It is defined as the square root of the ratio of
inertia force of a flowing fluid to the gravity
force.
CRITICAL; SUB-CRITICAL; SUPER-CRITICAL FLOWS
– FROUDE NUMBER

 Froude Number (Fr):


 Froude number is used to differentiate between Critical; Sub-
Critical and Super-Critical Flows
CRITICAL FLOWS
A flow is called Critical if the flow velocity is equal to the velocity
of a gravity wave having small amplitude
SUB-CRITICAL FLOWS

A gravity wave may be produced by a change in the flow depth.


The flow is called Sub-Critical flow, if the Flow Velocity is less
than the Critical Velocity

Sub-Critical flow is also called Tranquil or Streaming flow


SUPER-CRITICAL FLOWS

The flow is called Super-Critical flow, if the Flow Velocity is


greater than the Critical Velocity
Thank You…..

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