Section A-Research

IoT Smart Refrigerator: A Review paper

IoT Smart Refrigerator: A Review

Brandon Tan Qi Loong1, Tay Jo Tien 2, Manzoor Hussain3, Sumathi

Balakrishnan4, Mike Goh Chia Chung5, Sabrina Afrine Sathi6 ,Pawandeep
Kaur a/p Karpal Singh7, ,Imdad Ali Shah8

School of Computer Science, Taylors’ University, Malaysia

1,2,4,5,6,7,8

Article History: Received: 02.10.2022 Revised: 23.12.2022 Accepted: 17.01.2023

Abstract. This research article focuses on the future of smart refrigerators and on integrating many
functions to make life easier for users. The problem that our smart fridge tries to tackle is food waste, which
is listed as one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This report will go through
the literature research chosen to reflect on our idea and enhance it to guarantee that our smart fridge is viable.
This report will also cover how to create a virtual prototype of our proposal using TinkerCAD, including
numerous sensors like the TMP-36, Gas Sensor, Force Sensor, and a Piezo to demonstrate how it should be
implemented in the fridge. Temperature and Humidity Sensors (DHT-11) will, however, be used in the
accurate implementation for improved precision and to measure humidity as well as temperature.
Furthermore, to aid comprehension of our concept, our report includes a simple prototype of how our
application "iFridge" would work in conjunction with the suggested concept. Moreover, our report will
include the limits and recommendations for future study, as well as the success and failure of the concept,
to guarantee that future research may exploit the basics of the idea that have been overlooked. Finally, this
research attempts to expand on the basics of smart fridges, which are based on prior concepts but have not
been generally adopted due to various factors, including security issues when data is carried over the
internet.

1,2,4,5,6,7,8 School of Computer Science, Taylors’ University, Malaysia

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1. INTRODUCTION distraction, as some users may become too
To begin, there is a common misconception about engrossed in the touch screen and forget about the
what the Internet of Things (IoT) is. The Internet dishes still being cooked. Moreover, one of our
of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices plans that distinguishes our product from others is
that includes sensors, software, and other integrating one or more hypermarkets like Lotus,
technologies such as servers used to connect and Giant, or Aeon into our application. The
exchange data with the devices and systems via integration is done to increase the user's
the internet. Why are smart devices, particularly convenience and prevent a shortage of food in the
smart refrigerators, so popular nowadays? refrigerator. It is done by alerting the user and
According to, it makes cooking less of a hassle giving the option for the user to order raw
and less time-consuming for consumers because materials online with the hypermarket partners,
most modern smart refrigerators allow users to add the products to their shopping list, or
search for fast recipes with the touch of a finger. purchase the materials by going to the grocery
Furthermore, expiration dates can be [1-3] easily stores themselves.
set for each item stored in the refrigerator, making To summarise, the development of new smart
things easier for users by listing the expiry dates devices continually intends to simplify our daily
of each item to prevent wastage. Some smart life activities, but it may also put our devices at
refrigerators also allow users to create their significant risk due to how interconnected
unique to-do lists and grocery lists that other devices are. As shown in Figure 1, the attacker
family members can check on their applications can utilise the sensor alert to send the user a
to get the items stated in the grocery lists when phishing link where sensitive information such as
they are out, saving time and effort. Finally, one banking logins, social media logins, and more can
of the smart refrigerator's supporting tasks is the be accessed directly from the user's mobile
ability to browse the internet to watch their devices [10]. It is not implied, however, that all
favourite shows or listen to their favourite music smart devices are dangerous; rather, some devices
while the user is cooking. are more vulnerable than others. As a result,
implementing a secure and appropriate security
However, even with the benefits described above, system will create a secure environment for the
we are left with a question; what distinguishes our users to operate the smart fridge without the risk
proposed solution as a purple cow? Some think of personal information being taken during the
that smart fridges might not be cost-effective invasion of cyberattacks.
because the prices being too high. Some users
may believe that this is a waste of money to start 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
with as it just adds features like temperature The research and implementation of IoT
sensing, a camera sensor, and more to view items technology in fridges has been in the works for a
stored inside the fridge [4-6]. However, our very long time, ever since 1999. Besides
suggested solution provides a long- term effect connecting the fridge to the internet, it can also
for the user as it cooperates with our application provide various features that are convenient to the
“iFridge” to carry functions like adding items user, alongside solving issues regarding food
with a shortage into the grocery lists to ease the wastage. Analysing past system architectures and
user’s daily life where the user does not need to proposals, this section reviews the general
open and close the fridge to check what items concept of implementing IoT devices and sensors
need to be included into the grocery list [7-9]. used in smart fridges. Looking at past
Following the last assignment, we decided to architectures, the model generally consists of the
incorporate a touch screen into it, allowing the perception layer, [11,12] transport, and application
user to access the internet and watch their layers. These layers are important for
favourite shows or chefs providing instructions implementing IoT features into the smart fridge.
on how to make a meal, among other things. Under the perception layer, it was common to
Although we have discovered that this may be a find a motherboard along with a few devices or

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sensors. The motherboard is the most important uses an IoT platform called “Ubidots”, a cloud
part of the system as it allows communication server that keeps real-time and other user data.
between the other hardware components. The Bluetooth is also an option for communication
first architecture reference, Fig. 1 (a), connects between the user and the fridge. The second
the mainboard with an external board called architecture, Fig. 1 (b), uses another IoT platform
“NxBoard”. This board is used to access the called “ThingSpeak”. Besides allowing
user’s WiFi or Bluetooth for communication communication between the system and user, it
between the smart fridge and the user’s phone consists of many features, such as creating
when using the mobile application. The second channels with a public or private view.
architecture reference, Fig. 1 (b), uses the Additionally, the architecture uses an application
“WeMos D1 R2 Wi-Fi” board, which includes a called “Pushbullet” to send notifications and
Wi-Fi module on the board itself. This board is a alerts.
microcontroller that serves the same purpose as a Under the application layer, another way for the
motherboard. Alongside this board, two sensors user to interact with the fridge is through a phone
are connected to obtain certain information. The application. In the first architecture reference,
MQ3 sensor is a gas sensor used to detect the Fig.1 (a), the application receives and sends data
gases released by rotting products [13-15]. The through a cloud server, Ubidots. The server
DHT11 sensor is a temperature and humidity provides data, resources or services to users and
sensor used to measure the temperature and devices by sending, receiving or storing the data.
humidity inside the fridge. The third reference Through the cloud servers, users can view the
architecture, Fig. 1 (c), consists of a real-time temperature recorded from the sensors,
microcontroller named “ATMega 328”. This as well as other features that the application may
board is connected to a load cell sensor used to provide. Such as in the second architecture, Fig. 1
measure weights detected on it. As well as a (b), the user can receive notifications from the
webcam, which is used to view and perform phone application. This feature can provide the
image processing of the contents inside the user reminders regarding expiring foods, rotting
fridge. foods in the fridge, etc. Furthermore, in the third
Under the transport layer, the main method of architecture reference, Fig. 1 (c), as the load cell
communication throughout the three provides the weight of the food products, the user
architectures is Wi-Fi. This allows wireless can view the weight of a certain product and
communication between the fridge, the server and identify whether it is running low [16-18]. Image
the user’s device. The three architecture processing is also implemented to the webcam,
references implement a mobile application to which allows the application to recognise
perform actions on the fridge through the user's vegetables and recommend recipes.
devices; this means a connection is required to the
server. The first architecture model, Fig. 1 (a),

Fig (a)

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Fig (b)

Fig (c)
FIGURE 1. Architecture references based on smart fridges. (a) First architecture reference. 7. (b)
Second architecture reference. 8.
(c) Third architecture reference. 9.

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3. METHODOLOGY placed on [19,20] the top edge of the fridge (near
The system architecture diagram in Fig. 2 is the the door) to collect data inside the fridge,
overview of the proposed system, including vital ensuring that the temperature is set to the user's
layers of IoT – Perception Layer, Transport preference so that the contents of the fridge are
Layer, Application Layer and Data Processing not harmed, and the user can also set the
Layer. temperature dynamically by pressing the button.
Fig 2 Architecture of Smart Refrigerator system
3.1 Perception Layer Weight sensor - detects the amount of beverage
left in the bottle container.
The perception layer, also known as the physical OV7670 camera sensor- record the refrigerator's
layer, is the initial layer in IoT architecture. This contents and show them on the touch screen
layer incorporates many sorts of sensors and tablet.
actuators for detecting and collecting information ● SSD1963 Touch Screen- displays the
in real-time. The sensors and hardware temperature, gas, humidity, other sensor data and
components used are as followed: - applications that can be used.
● HC-05 Bluetooth Module- connect the user's
MQ-2 Gas Sensor- detects gases such as methane mobile device to the smart refrigerator, allowing
and alerts the user which will be placed on the information to be seen remotely.
ceiling of the fridge; methane is lighter than air, ● ESP8266 WiFi Module- provide internet
making it easier to float up and be sensed by the connectivity for touchscreen functions such as
gas sensor. streaming user-selected entertainment, looking
DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor - for internet recipes, and more.

FIGURE 2 Architecture of Smart Refrigerator system

is used between the Transport and Perception

3.2 Transport Layer Layer to ensure no malicious traffic transactions
Wi-Fi and LoRaWan are used in the Transport between both layers. The transport layer is
Layer. The integration of the two types of connected to the Internet Service Provider (ISP),
connectivity produces considerably more increasing system vulnerabilities. Thus, more
outstanding achievements in both domains as the security should be focused on securing the
speed of transfer, bandwidth, and connectivity all environment and lowering the risks. Next, A web
see a positive boost due to the complementing application firewall resides above the application
skills of each mode of transfer. A network firewall layer, [21-23] monitoring, analysing, and filtering

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protocols like HyperText Transfer Protocol loaded on both Android and iOS devices to make
(HTTP) and Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol it easier to use. It can also provide push warnings
(HTTPS) from the ISP to the application. This web in an emergency, such as high humidity, methane,
application firewall might potentially serve as a or temperature, to guarantee that the loss of
reverse proxy, shielding the application from contents in the smart refrigerator is kept to a
malicious queries and preventing attacks such as minimum.
SQL injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and
others. Moreover, the use of the WiFi module, it 3.4 Data Preprocessing Layer
meant that the fridge had to have some kind of Microsoft Azure was chosen as the cloud service
unique way to recognise it. IPv6 protocols will be provider because of its dependability and
used to allow communication between the fridge capabilities, including databases or data
and the application. Using IPv6 the system can warehouses, data analytics, and service
communicate with various devices normally as management. Apache Hadoop with HDInsight
mobile devices nowadays are implemented with will deal with irrelevant data before it is stored in
both IPv4 and IPv6. Another reason IPv6 was the cloud because data will be collected [24-26],
chosen is that IPv4 is about to be phased out and stored, and analysed in big batches and in real-
replaced by IPv6; therefore, the use of IPv6 for time. Furthermore, a cloud firewall will be
our solution is more focused on the long term, subscribed to Microsoft in the data centre to
like the next ten years. provide data security. The key reason is that it
enables scalability, with the option to add
3.3 Application Layer bandwidth and new site protection if the business
requires it or expands. Fig 3 Implementation of
The user can visualise data acquired by the sensor Smart Refrigerator system.
in the application layer. This application may be

FIGURE 3 Implementation of Smart Refrigerator system

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The primary function of our smart refrigerator is ● Breadboard (Small)
to receive inputs in the form of data collected from ● Piezzo (Buzzer)
the humidity, temperature, gas, and weight ● Force Sensor (Load cell)
sensors. Due to TinkerCAD’s functionality ● Gas Sensor (MQ-2)
constraints, an estimate of only 50% of the project ● Temperature Sensor (TM36)
could be implemented, leaving out the ● Potentiometer
temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11), the ● LCD
image sensor (OV7670), the Bluetooth module ● Resistor
(HC-05), the Wi-Fi module (ESP8266), and the
two visualisation methods (SH1106 OLED and 3.5 Mobile Application
SSD1963). The temperature and humidity sensor Along with the smart fridge, a mobile application
was replaced with the TM35 temperature sensor, can be installed from the user’s phone named
while an LCD screen was used as a visualisation “iFridge”. This mobile application can connect to
method [27-29]. The remaining components were the smart fridge for the user to operate the fridge
not implemented due to insufficient support for wirelessly as well as provide the user with
programming libraries and components, additional features. The mobile application
unavailability of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi modules, prototype was designed using the Marvel app
and lack of pins on the Arduino board. The website.
components used in our TinkerCAD project is
listed below;

● Arduino Uno R3

(a) (b) (c)

FIGURE 4 Home page statuses of iFridge application. (a) Home page while offline. (b) Home page with
offline prompt. (c) Home page while online.

Figure 4 (a) shows the homepage of the iFridge

application while offline. This means that the
phone is not connected to the smart fridge, an
alert box will appear telling the user that the
device is offline, seen in Figure 4 (b). After the
user successfully connects to the fridge, the status
will appear online with a green indication, as seen
in Figure 4 (c). Users can select a few features
available on the dashboard, such as Fridge
Camera, Report, Food Report and Grocery List.
The user can also select to view their profile page
on the top right of the application.

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can:

● View further information about their profile.

● Report complaints or request maintenance
service in the help section.
● Scan a QR code for adding new users or
devices to the fridge.
● Share an invitation link or QR code to add
other devices to connect to the fridge.
● View the privacy policy and service
agreement.
FIGURE 5. Account page. ● Delete the account when the smart fridge is
no longer in possession of the user.
Figure 5 shows the details regarding the user ● Log out of the account.
profile and other options. In this section, users

Fig (a) Fig (b) Fig(c) Fig(d) Fig (e)

FIGURE 6. Pages of each feature in the iFridge application. (a) Fridge Camera page. (b) Grocery list
page. (c) Statistic Report page. (d) Temperature and Humidity page. (e) Food Report page.

Moving onto the features: In Fig. 6 (a), the fridge which will direct the user to the temperature page
camera allows the user to view the contents inside shown in Fig. 6 (d).
the fridge, alongside the current temperature and
previously recorded captures using the arrows In Fig. 6 (d), the user can change the temperature
between the date and time. and humidity by using the arrows to change the
values.
In Fig. 6 (b), the grocery list page shows all items
that need to be restocked. The application can In Fig. 6 (e), the food report page allows the user
suggest which items should be restocked and thus to view the quantity and condition of each item
be added to the list when the user confirms it. available. This function requires the user to
Additionally, the user can make changes using manually input each new product to the list. The
the plus button to add items. food description consists of the name, weight,
stock and expiry date. Users can also search for
In Fig. 6 (c), the report shows statistics and the items that are registered in the list.
analysis regarding the data gathered by the
sensors, such as the temperature and odour.
Previous reports can also be viewed by using the
arrows between the timelines. The temperature
can also be changed by pressing the temperature,

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4. RESULTS AND FINDINGS refrigerator with autonomous features such as
Traditional refrigerators store food items and notifications, monitoring, and reporting their
lengthen food freshness levels; however, it does fridge and food condition may not justify its high
not guarantee food items will not get rotten. By price. Initial costs for developing and deploying
implementing temperature, gas, humidity, security software for the system would be high
weight, and camera sensors, users would be for the developers and manufacturers.
notified of food conditions and the refrigerator’s
condition. The mobile application system A fast internet connection is required for instant
generates reports that visualise data collected data transfer between the refrigerator system and
from the sensors using graphs and charts, e.g., users via the mobile application. The user’s
weekly distribution of refrigerator temperature, mobile phone is assumed to be connected to
quantities of foreign gases, and time history of either Wi-Fi, 4G, or 5G networks at all times to
food items being stored in the refrigerator [30- receive real-time notifications to ensure no
32]. The implementation of unsupervised important notifications are missed [33-35]. Wi-
machine learning allows the system to learn Fi routers may be placed closer to the
users’ buying and storing habits to provide food refrigerator, or users may set Wi-Fi extenders to
item recommendations to the users then. boost Wi-Fi signals. Food items are also
assumed to be placed in the refrigerator one at a
4.1 Constraints and Assumptions time to detect and weigh food items correctly.
Users may find the “smart” aspect of the smart Table 1 mobile application functional
refrigerator unnecessary and expensive to both requirement.
users and developers. Users may find that a

TABLE 1. Mobile Application Functional Requirement

IDFunctional Requirement Description
FR1Account Management. Account management covers the ability of the user
to register, login, logout, view and edit their profile.
FR2Create daily, weekly, or monthly Creating reports over a specific timeline allows for
reports, allowing users to view history users to track the management of their smart
of existing records, and customise refrigerator properly.
dashboards containing the reports.
FR3Settings which include automatic Settings are a standard functional requirement as the
updates, instruction manuals, searching user should be able to control their personal devices
for fridge settings, altering parameter including being able to alter the limits for the
limits, and remote controlling settings. temperature, gas and humidity, or being able to opt-out
of getting automatic updates, etc.
FR4Display dashboard, which has other The dashboard is the method for the user to view
functions. and interact with the smart refrigerator via the cloud.
FR5Notifications for immediate gas Notifications received on the mobile application alerts
spoilage, food and fridge conditions, the user if there are any issues arising in the
etc. refrigerator, such as the spoiling of food, the fridge not
being closed properly, components of the
refrigerator requiring
maintenance, etc.

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FR6 View, add or remove multiple users in As the method of connecting to the smart refrigerator
the share list. is via Bluetooth, then being linked permanently to that
account, it is important to have the ability to manage
other users and invite users to manage or remove
previously added users.
FR7 Customer Service for automated The user can discern any anomalies in the data
maintenance report and help centre and and choose to report such issues to the maintenance
customer service. centre.
FR8 Connection to Smart Fridge and The smart fridge connection includes being able to pair
Syncing the data with the cloud. with the refrigerator via Bluetooth and then accessing
the refrigerator from the application via the cloud.
FR9 Checking real-time temperature, From the application, the user should be able to view
humidity, gas, weight, and camera. the real-time data being produced which includes the
temperature, humidity, gas, weight, and images of
contents in the refrigerator.
FR10 Can see touch screen drawings for any Allows the users to interact with the touch screen to
notes. write certain notes. Those written notes should be
converted to image format and be seen in the
application after being stored in the cloud.
FR11 Can view algorithm-generated Using machine learning, the Arduino will undergo
shopping list. unsupervised learning where it recognises the users’
habits based on the patterns that they do.
FR12 Can add new items into the fridge and Users can add new items without having to interact
then fill in the corresponding with their fridge. With the application, they can do it
information. anywhere to save time and effort.

TABLE 2. Arduino Functional Requirements

ID Functional Requirement Description

FR1 Piezo produces a buzzing sound if the In the Arduino, the Piezo serves the function of
gas concentration, humidity, or producing a buzzing sound. It will buzz only when a
temperature has passed the limit certain limit has been exceeded based on the users'
defined. settings or the default value if not changed.

FR2 Touch screen must be sensitive to The user interacts with the fridge via the touch screen
touch. if not on their phone. Using the touch screen allows for
the user to write their notes and access other functions.
FR13 Data on the touch screen must change For the user to identify and correctly use the smart
when parameters that are inside the refrigerator as intended, the internal parameters of the
fridge change. fridge must be displayed.
FR4 The Wi-Fi module must be functional As the Wi-Fi module is a component, it must be usable
to sync and write data to the cloud. for the data to be read and written to the cloud. When
the sensor reads data, the data is filtered and then
uploaded to the cloud. Without an internet
connection, the data

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cannot be reported to the cloud or downloaded without
an internet connection.
FR5The Bluetooth module must be The Bluetooth module connects the phone to the smart
functional to pair with the mobile fridge. Bluetooth is a Peer-to-peer system so without
application before syncing to the Bluetooth, it would be challenging to pair the smart
cloud. refrigerator with the device.
FR6All the sensors must be sensitive to To serve all the functions in detecting the environment
change. inside the fridge, it is crucial to have the sensors notice
the changes and react accordingly.

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leaked, it is also possible for the communication
4.2 Strengths to be overloaded by sending heavy traffic to the
Throughout any project, it is without a doubt that Arduino via Wi-Fi. Though, this largely depends
it will be presented with its own strengths, making on the security capabilities implemented in the
it the selling point of any individual product. In users' network system.
the case of the smart refrigerator, some strengths
include remote monitoring, long- term cost- 5. DISCUSSION
effectiveness, scalability, improved family The system can prevent food waste, which, if not
health, and reduced food wastages. Remote addressed, could result in higher food costs,
monitoring is enabled by allowing users to access world hunger, and a loss of biodiversity. The
their functionalities directly on their mobile smart refrigerator system aids in these issues by
devices. Some functions include modifying alerting users of food items stored and when it
temperature and humidity, creating grocery lists begins to rot. Important notifications, such as the
that are generated using unsupervised machine condition of food items, the interior temperature
learning, automatic report generation, and so on. of the refrigerator, and the presence of gases due
Long-term cost-effectiveness includes the to food decomposition, are sent to users via the
grocery list, as mentioned earlier, and the ability system’s application [43-45]. As a result, users
to remotely check the refrigerator's contents will be more conscious of the food in their
without needing to be there physically [36-38]. refrigerators, leading to a decline in food waste
This, in the long run, allows the user to save fuel, by removing the need for users to purchase more
time and effort indirectly. Moving onto one of the food products, leading to over-purchasing.
most crucial aspects, scalability. It is defined as
the ability to increase the size and performance to Limitations to ensure the system will still be
match the workload, or at least meet such reliable in three years include power consumption
demands [39]. In the case of Smart technology, it management, functionalities of future versions,
can be interpreted as the ability to match the traffic and bandwidth, and system components. A
demand of internet traffic through upgrades in refrigerator with “smart” capabilities running
hardware, or improvements in software. As the continuously wastes energy. Without proper
Smart Fridge is built upon the cloud power management, this could have a detrimental
infrastructure, it has the inherent advantage of impact on the environment. Implementing a ‘low
being able to delegate more hardware with little power mode’ on the Arduino board and sensors
effort. This results in savings of effort, time for would reduce power usage. Future functions of
installation, cost of hardware and labour the system could be auto-detection of the liquid
expenses. weights, notifications when ice is ready, and
alerts when hot food items are placed inside the
4.3 Weaknesses cold refrigerator. With more functionalities, the
Much like strengths, any project will be met with refrigerator would produce more traffic and
its downsides through any additions. The first higher volumes of data. The bandwidth would
weakness, which may be a potential issue, is that have to be increased to ensure the system does not
users may find that adding items individually is slow down while accommodating seamless data
time-consuming for the user should there be transmission and reception [46,47]. New
many types of products being added. Then, components such as sensors with improved
moving on to the security weaknesses, although features and updated software could also provide
there are security precautions in place, there are relevancy and better functionality to the system.
still natural threats of data breaches or attacks [40-
42]. These attacks may lead to compromised 5.1 Manage Resources
personal information, malware infections, To manage resources, many aspects need to be
notification spamming, and malicious pranks identified. Order includes wireless capability and
being done. Besides personal information being interoperability, functionality, secure storage and

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transfers, immediate boot capacity, power smart refrigerator and application speed.
management, and other challenges. In terms of Typically, when identifying the speed of both
wireless capability and interoperability, the devices, the smart refrigerator runs on bare
system requires an internet connection as, without hardware capabilities with minimal operating
it, data and messages/protocols cannot be system functions, therefore maximizing the speed
transmitted. To add information, the data is available. Furthermore, data does not clog the
transmitted over the combination of Wi-Fi and Arduino as data is only stored on the Arduino if it
LoRaWAN, a highly effective variety that has lost connection with the server. On the other
increases network performance and range, whilst hand, the application's speed is often dependent on
reducing costs of power. Then, as bandwidth falls the user’s phone [52-54]. When looking at power
under wireless interconnectivity, it is a worry that management, there are two main aspects to
the number of users would be too great to be consider: redundant processing and how it can be
handled, as well as whether the data is being improved. Redundant processing involves the
filtered before being uploaded [48-50]. To optimization of the device’s codes. The smart
manage the former point, according to 22., the fridge that has been created is made to filter data;
bandwidth can easily be upgraded as their thus, energy wasted is minimised since data is not
hardware is often underutilised therefore repeatedly sent to the server. The power
delegating what is only required allows extreme management improvement can be the
flexibility and scalability. The data is implementation of low power modes for inactive
appropriately filtered to manage the latter point, periods, an example being nighttime, as well as
ensuring no immense volume of continuous data increasing the delay between each computation
from any user. iteration, increasing latency, but likewise using
significantly less power over a long period.
For functionality, the Arduino, codes, and server
must be fully operational and fault free. To ensure Finally, under other challenges, there are physical
that there are no issues, a few precautions can be hazards and unexpected data loss via internet
taken, such as thoroughly testing and configuring connection drops. When the compressor is
all components before distribution, regularly overworking, it may generate too much heat and
updating the system software, and patching bugs thus lead to damage to physical components such
or issues. The main benefit to hosting the server as the Arduino wires. If such parts are damaged,
through the cloud infrastructure is that it remains data inaccuracy or no connection to the
fully operational even if one server crashes as a components themselves may result in data
secondary backup server can take its place. inaccuracy. This can be managed by the logging
Moving onto secure storage and transfers, the data system as if there is a high standard of deviation
server will be hosted on Microsoft Azure’s cloud present, it can be taken as an indication of a
server. According to, Microsoft does their best for connection or sensory issue and thus,
encryption and security [51]. To ensure their maintenance staff can be sent to handle the
security capabilities, Microsoft Azure problem [54]. For connectivity loss, if the
implements the IEEE 802.1AE MAC Security connection is dropped suddenly, data may not be
Standards, Internet Protocol Security (IPsec), and adequately sent, and the transmission could be
Transport Layer Security (TLS). Secure storage considered a failure. Although, if it is deemed to
is fully implemented to prevent security threats. have failed, the consequent generation of data
As Microsoft Azure secures the data, there is a will be backed up onto the Arduino until the
low probability of data being breached or connection is restored.
tampered with as it is stored on their cloud.
6. CONCLUSION
As the boot capacity and power management is a Overall, this paper’s entirety falls back to the
device concern, this can include the concerns of Smart Refrigerator. As to what the system solves
the power and speed management of both the and how it solves it, there are many benefits,

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IoT Smart Refrigerator: A Review Section A-Research
paper
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