MODULE 5

APPLICATIONS OF IOT
IoT Applications:
IoT applications promise to bring immense value into our lives. With newer wireless
networks, superior sensors and revolutionary computing capabilities, the Internet of Things
could be the next frontier in the race for its share of the wallet. IoT applications are expected
to equip billions of everyday objects with connectivity and intelligence. It is already being
deployed extensively, few applications of IoT:

Wearables
Smart Home Applications
Smart Buildings
Smart Infrastructure
Securities
Health Care
Smart Cities
Agriculture

Industrial Automation
 IoT Applications:Smart Home, Smart Buildings and Infrastructure

IoT home automation is the ability to control domestic appliances by electronically controlled,
internet-connected systems. It may include setting complex heating and lighting systems in
advance and setting alarms and home security controls, all connected by a central hub and
remote-controlled by a mobile app.

Figure .Smarthomeplatform.

The rise of Wi-Fi’s role in home automation has primarily come about due tothe networked
nature of deployed electronics where electronic devices (TVsand AV receivers, mobile
devices, etc.) have started becoming part of thehome IP network and due the increasing rate
of adoption of mobile computingdevices (smartphones, tablets, etc.), see above Figure.

The networking aspectsare bringing online streaming services or network playback, while
becoming amean to control of the device functionality over the network. At the same
timemobile devices ensure that consumers have access to a portable ‘controller’ forthe
electronics connected to the network. Both types of devices can be used asgateways for IoT
applications. In this context many companies are consideringbuilding platforms that
integrate the building automation with entertainment,healthcare monitoring, energy monitoring
and wireless sensor monitoring inthe home and building environments.

IoT applications using sensors to collect information about the operating conditions combined
with cloud hosted analytics software that analyzes disparatedata points will help facility
managers become far more proactive about managingbuildings at peak efficiency.

Issues of building ownership (i.e., building owner, manager, or occupants)challenge integration

with questions such as who pays initial system costand who collects the benefits over time. A
lack of collaboration between thesubsectors of the building industry slows new technology
adoption and canvent new buildings from achieving energy, economic and
environmentalperformance targets.

Integration of cyber physical systems both within the building and withexternal entities, such
as the electrical grid, will require stakeholder cooperationto achieve true interoperability. As
in all sectors, maintaining securitywill be a critical challenge to overcome.

Within this field of research the exploitation of the potential of wirelesssensor networks
(WSNs) to facilitate intelligent energy management in buildings,which increases occupant
comfort while reducing energy demand, ishighly relevant.

In addition to the obvious economic and environmental gainsfrom the introduction of such
intelligent energy management in buildings otherpositive effects will be achieved. Not least of
which is the simplification ofbuilding control; as placing monitoring, information feedback
equipment andcontrol capabilities in a single location will make a buildings’ energy
managementsystem easier to handle for the building owners, building managers,maintenance
crews and other users of the building. Using the Internet togetherwith energy management
systems also offers an opportunity to access a buildings’energy information and control systems
from a laptop or a Smartphoneplaced anywhere in the world. This has a huge potential for
providing the managers,owners and inhabitants of buildings with energy consumption
feedbackand the ability to act on that information.
In the context of the future Internet of Things, Intelligent Building ManagementSystems can
be considered part of a much larger information system.This system is used by facilities
managers in buildings to manage energy useand energy procurement and to maintain buildings
systems. It is based on theinfrastructure of the existing Intranets and the Internet, and therefore
utilizes the same standards as other IT devices. Within this context reductions in thecost and
reliability of WSNs are transforming building automation, by makingthe maintenance of energy
efficient healthy, productive work spaces inbuildings increasingly cost effective.

IoT Application in industries:

IoT in industry is a rapidly developing area. Numerous IoT research and application projects have been
done by universities or in joint industry- university consortia in recent years.

Internet of things (IoT) has become part of your daily life. The “things connectedto the internet” idea is
continuously evolving in content, areas of applications, visions and technology. New real life and
industrial projects havebeen done and joint future oriented industry and government initiatives suchas
Industry 4.0 in Germany, have been started [1].Since Industrial production is one of the world’s biggest
economic factorsone of the major objectives of these initiatives is to bring the paradigms of theIoT to
the factories enabling them to cope with the challenges raised by popularmegatrends.

The foremost megatrends relevant for factories are globalization,progressing technological evolution,
the dynamization of product life cycles,the aging work force and the shortage of resources. Central
effects are theacceleration of innovation cycles and the increasing customer demand forindividualized
mass produces with highest quality expectations.Within the context of industrial production IoT
projects and applicationsare developing in manufacturing, supply chain,
supervision and servicing.A major question in all projects is about the value, the benefit such
applicationcan bring to the user, to the owner or to society.

The value question is extremely pertinent in the industry: in the manufacturing industry entire factory
related processes, but also in industrial applications where it comes to ensure operation of industrial
installations and provide supervision, and improved life service. It is the value which such applications
bring which will determine their adoption, acceptance and wide use. However, this value is very
difficult to quantify and prove, and it depends on multiple aspects which are strongly application area
dependent.

IoT applications form the value creation for industry and brings together expert opinions from
academia, research and industry. The industrial application of IoT is multi- facetted and each of the
subsections in this paper will highlight an aspect related to industrialapplication, discuss or show a case
or the evolution and potential of a specific technology from industry application point of view. The
paper is having a holistic manner to industrial challenges and requirements. Also it will refer to factory
concepts and applications supported by IoT, including processes and flows taking a view on related
technologies and their evolution.

IoT applications benefit and value creation in an industrial environment may have its origin in different
aspects, depending on the application type. There is no value but “values” each contributing to the total
benefit such as:

Value from visibility identification, location tracking

Value form IoT-supported safety in hard industrial environments
Value from right information providing or collecting
Value form improved industrial operation and flows in industry
Value from reduced production losses
Value from reduced energy consumption
Value from new type of processes made possible by IoT applica-
tions
Value form new type of maintenance and lifetime approaches
Value enabled by smart objects, connected aspects
Value from sustainability.
Fig. 5.2 View on very important and important perceived IoT technologies expected to bring value in

applications.

The status and estimated potential of IoT applications is presented in Figure 5.3 considering three major
areas: supply chain, future industry/future actory and over lifetime applications and activities such as
logistics, manufacturing and service/maintenance. A strong potential and additional application is
expected in industry operation and industry lifetime applications including lifetime service.

Figure.Status and estimated potential of IoT applications.

IoT application requirements and capabilities:
The expectations toward IoT applications in industry are high. The capabilities they have to offer are
depending strongly on the industrial area and the concrete application. For example the environment
where IoT application may be used may range from clean room condition and normal ambient
temperatures to heavy and dirty environment, locations with high temperatures, areas withexplosion
risk, areas with metallic surroundings, and corrosive environment on sea or underground.

A list of a set of industry related capabilities and requirements is presented below, without claiming
completeness. The list items are related to the IoT hardware, software and to serviceability and
management aspects. Comments have been added to all items to make the requirement more specific.
The IoT application capabilities for industrial application should meet requirements such as:
IoT Application of sec
Seurity:
IoT devices are connected to your desktop or laptop. Lack of security increases the risk of
your personal information leaking while the data is collected and transmitted to the IoT
device.

IoT devices are connected with a consumer network. This network is also connected with
other systems. So if the IoT device contains any security vulnerabilities, it can be harmful to
the consumer’s network. This vulnerability can attack other systems and damage them.

Sometimes unauthorized people might exploit the security vulnerabilities to create risks to
physical safety.

Privacy Risks:

In IoT, devices are interconnected with various hardware and software, so there are obvious
chances of sensitive information leaking through unauthorized manipulation.

All the devices are transmitting the user’s personal information such as name, address, date of
birth, health card information, credit card detail and much more without encryption.

Though there are security and privacy concerns with IoT, it adds values to our lives by allowing us to
manage our daily routine tasks remotely and automatically, and more importantly, it is a game- changer
for industries.
IoT Application of home appliances:
Internet of Things is a technology that can connect to the internet without the influence of
people and send information collected to users through this internet network to which they are
connected. Devices in this dynamic are very common today. Many homes, companies and even
public organizations benefit from this technology. Used in smart home IoT home appliances is
also one of them.

A house must have smart devices to be smart. These smart devices are the building blocks of
today’s technology. So why are these devices and apps smart? First, these devices have their
own Internet. With this internet tool, users can receive information from the device. With this
internet connection, you can get a lot of information from your smart device. This information
which receives from smart devices makes safety for your living area.

Smart devices work with technological devices while making you and your home a more secure
space. The biggest hero of these technological devices is microprocessors. microprocessors act
as the brain for your smart device. There are sensors that allow your smart devices to be
classified according to their characteristics and detect the danger or differences in your home.

There are many sensors classified by type. Motion sensors, light sensors, image detection, and
processing sensors are one of them. For example, if the position of your belongings changes
without your knowledge, there are motion sensors that can detect this position change. The
motion sensor detects the position change and sends you information about this.
Home Appliance in Internet of Things:

Smart home systems are integrated and enable you to play an active role in every part of your home by
surrounding your home. When you’re not at home, but your mind stays at home, it’s behind you. With
smart home systems, you can intervene in your home as if you are at home and perform the necessary
controls.In addition to these protection systems, smart home appliances have been making human life
easier since the day it was developed.

Smart Washing Machine:

It is very important to save time in daily life. we live in a period where we have to keep up. that’s where
technology comes in. You can access the developed smart washing machine on your smartphone. you
can monitor and control the process at the same time. This smart washing machine can also dry your
laundry with the control application.

Smart Refrigerator with Internet of Things:

Internet in this kitchen which makes life easier for you and your family in the kitchen. With this
internet connection, you can transmit a lot of information to your shopping list in the weather.
You can also view the inside of your refrigerator with its camera technology.

Shortest Way to Dry Hair:

This time it has infrared technology. With this technology, the device is created wirelessly. Wireless
shape so you can dry your hair without connecting the machine
Smart Doorbell:

The most important thing in smart home applications is known to be secure and protected home.
With this smart doorbell designed for security, you can recognize people who come to your
home with high quality. The night also has infrared technology added to the smart bell. This
will also send the screen to you when it gets dark.

Smart Camera for Safe Home:

Control of your home is in your hands from every part. This smart camera sends records from
every part of your home to your smartphone with the Internet of Things technology. Research
on smart camera technology will continue for those who want a safe life.
Industry 4.0 concepts
Industry 4.0 refers to a new phase in the Industrial Revolution that focuses heavily on
interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data. Industry 4.0, also
sometimes referred to as IIoT(Industrial Internet of Things) or smart manufacturing which
provides physical production and operations with smart digital technology, machine learning
and big data to create a more holistic and better connected ecosystem for companies that focus
on manufacturing and supply chain management.

While every company and organization operating today is different, they all face a common
challenge—the need for connectedness and access to real-time insights across processes,
partners, products, and people. That’s where Industry 4.0 comes into play. Industry
4.0 is not just about investing in new technology and tools to improve manufacturing efficiency
but it’s about revolutionizing the way the entire business operates and grows.

Industry 4.0 refers to the use of automation and data exchange in manufacturing. According to
the Boston Consulting Group there are nine principal technologies that make up Industry 4.0:
Autonomous Robots, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical System Integration, the Industrial
Internet of Things, Cybersecurity, The Cloud, Additive Manufacturing, Data and Analytics,
and Augmented Reality. These technologies are used to create a “smart factory” where
machines, systems, and humans communicate with each other in order to coordinate and
monitor progress along the assembly line. Networked devices provide sensor data and are
digitally controlled. The net effect is the ability to rapidly design, modify, create, and customize
things in the real world, while lowering costs and reacting to changes in consumer preferences,
demand,the supply chain and technology.

The goal is to enable autonomous decision-making processes, monitor assets and processes in
real-time, and enable equally real-time connected value creation networks through early
involvement of stakeholders, and vertical and horizontal integration.
Figure: Nine Technologies of Industry 4.0

Today some companies have invested in a few of these technologies; predominantly the
traditional pillars of the third platform such as cloud and Big Data / Analytics and increasingly
in the Industrial Internet of Things from an integrated perspective and thus
overlapping with several of these “technologies” or maybe better: sets of technologies and
connected benefits.

Evolution of Industry 4.0

There are four distinct industrial revolutions that the world either has experienced or continues
to experience today.

1. The First Industrial Revolution

The first industrial revolution happened between the late 1700s and early 1800s. During this
period of time, manufacturing evolved from focusing on manual labor performed by people
and aided by work animals to a more optimized form of labor performed by people through the
use of water and steam-powered engines and other types of machine tools.

2. The Second Industrial Revolution

In the early part of the 20th century, the world entered a second industrial revolution with the
introduction of steel and use of electricity in factories. The introduction of electricity enabled
manufacturers to increase efficiency and helped make factory machinery more mobile. It was
during this phase that mass production concepts like the assembly line were introduced as a
way to boost productivity.

3. Third Industrial Revolution

Starting in the late 1950s, a third industrial revolution slowly began to emerge, as
manufacturers began incorporating more electronic and eventually computer technology into
their factories. During this period, manufacturers began experiencing a shift that put less
emphasis on analog and mechanical technology and more on digital technology and automation
software.

4. Fourth Industrial Revolution[Industry 4.0]

Fourth industrial revolution has emerged known as Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 takes the
emphasis on digital technology from recent decades to a whole new level with the help of
interconnectivity through the Internet of Things (IoT), access to real-time data, and the
introduction of cyber-physical systems. Industry 4.0 offers a more comprehensive, interlinked
and holistic approach to manufacturing. It connects physical with digital, and allows for better
collaboration and access across departments, partners, vendors, product, and people. An
industry 4.0 empowers business owners to control and understand every aspect of their
operation, and allows them to leverage instant data to boost productivity, improve processes,
and drive growth.
 Industry 4.0 is often used interchangeably with the notion of the fourth industrial
revolution. It is characterized among others by

1) even more automation than in the third industrial revolution

2) the bridging of the physical and digital world through cyber-physical systems, enabled by
Industrial IoT

3) a shift from a central industrial control system to one where smart products define the
production steps

4) closed-loop data models and control systems and

5) personalization/customization of products.

Benefits of Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 spans the entire product life cycle and supply chain, design, sales, inventory,
scheduling, quality, engineering, and customer and field service. Everyone shares informed,
up-to-date, relevant views of production and business processes and much richer and more
timely analytics.

The essential goal of Industry 4.0 is to make manufacturing and related industries such as
logistics faster, more efficient and more customer-centric, while at the same time going beyond
automation and optimization and detect new business opportunities and models.
Most of the benefits of Industry 4.0 are obviously similar to the benefits
of the digital transformation of manufacturing, the usage of the IoT in
manufacturing, operational and business process optimization,
information-powered ecosystems of value, digital transformation overall,
the Industrial Internet and many other topics on our website. Few of the
key benefits of Industry 4.0 are.

1. Enhanced productivity through optimization and automation

2. Real-time data for a real-time supply chain in a real-time economy

3. Higher business continuity through advanced maintenance and monitoring

possibilities

4. Better quality products: real-time monitoring, IoT-enabled

quality improvement and cobots

5. Better working conditions and sustainability

6. Personalization and customization for the ‘new’ consumer

7. Improved agility
8.The development of innovative capabilities and new revenue model
Oil and Gas industry in lot
The oil and gas industry is an early adopter of internet of things (IoT) technology,
and for good reason. Energy providers leverage many of the same loT components
used in other industries, including remote sensors, machine learning and the cloud.
When connected and combined with business processes such as alerts, lot in oil and
gas systems enables operators to monitor systems and react safely and in real time
to production issues as they arise.
USING IOT IN OIL AND GAS
Drilling Management
Pipeline Monitoring
Refinery Monitoring
Offshore Monitoring
Cargo Shipping
Health and Safety
Carbon Footprint Control

Drilling management

Drilling is a major part of oil and gas industry procedures. The Internet of Things
proves to be a boon for enhancing efficiency in the drilling procedure. As the rig
digs deep, it leads to potentially dangerous circumstances. Rig operators must take
precise measurements to extract oil by drilling. If deep-water drilling is carried out
in the wrong way it leads to mishaps. IoT devices are beneficial for minimizing risks
and carrying out tough operations seamlessly. Smart devices also alert concerned
personnel well in advance about any drilling errors using the data received from
sensors.

Pipeline monitoring

• Pipeline leakage is one of the major issues faced by the oil and gas industry. It
leads to major financial, environmental, and reputational damage to the company.
IoT helps monitor the pipeline system and its components like pipes, pumps, and
filters. Without loT, companies have to rely on human resources to carry out periodic
routine checks and maintenance. IoT helps cut down on manual checks as it can
monitor pipelines in real-time. The real-time data can help in significantly reducing
major hazards that are associated with pipeline leakages and other unwanted
situations. Employees can be quickly put in use to fix any issues which may result
in significant danger.

Efficient Management

Another advantage of using lot in the oil and gas industry is the efficient
management of employees and the plant. Employees will be required to carry out
maintenance only when an abnormality is detected. This eliminates the need for
periodic human inspection, and human resources can be managed efficiently.
Moreover, planned shutdowns and efficient management of materials can be done
using lot.

Refinery monitoring

lot helps monitor things like pipe pressure, flow rate, among other performance
parameters. A lot of measurement and data is required regarding every component
of the refinery. This is time-consuming and costs the company a lot if done manually.
Some areas need precise measurements in real-time.

For example, a certain valve may need to be controlled based on the flow-rate
monitored at some other place. In such a case, a change in the flow rate would require
an instantaneous control of the valve.

• The lot allows for more data collection accurately at places can't be accessed by
human resources. Sensors can be placed at various points that are hard to access by
employees and can provide more data. This helps for the round-the-clock monitoring
of the refinery.
• According to a report, the oil and gas companies can improve their production by
6% to 8% with proper utilization of data.

Offshore monitoring

Most offshore oil and gas production is done in extreme environments. There are
very few communication networks available at these rigs. Monitoring temperatures,
pressures, and other equipment monitoring become a difficult task and an expensive
one too. IoT helps overcome these hurdles to provide an efficient monitoring system.
Using Low Powered Wide Area Network (LPWAN), a lot more monitoring points
can be connected. This implementation provides a relatively inexpensive solution
for offshore oil and gas rig monitoring. Multiple leak detectors can be connected to
oil wells within a large area. Each of these detectors can send the data to a central
point in real-time. The data can then be leveraged to monitor the drilling and oil
extraction process remotely.

Cargo shipping

• Real-time ship and fleet monitoring is a very important aspect for fleet managers.
Oil and gas cargo ship monitoring is similar to its offshore equivalent. There's no
connectivity at the ocean, and the workers have to rely on satellite internet. There
are limited options available if the workers need data from around the ship. The data
from these ships is huge in itself. IoT provides for easy data collection from these
points. LPWANs provide easy monitoring options for parts of a ship that aren't
frequented by ship personnel. Sensory monitoring devices provide safety as well as
convenience in gathering data from points that are not easily accessible. Some
elements of cargo ships have to be wired due to real-time needs, whereas some non-
operational elements don't need to be connected in real-time. Therefore, small loT
networks prove to be a great alternative to wired sensors.

Health and safety

Oil and gas sites are usually found at dangerous and remote locations. The conditions
at these sites prove to be a hazard for the employees working at these locations. IoT
solutions provide for remote monitoring of equipment and operations, no longer
requiring individuals to go to a site without prior knowledge of the situation at hand.
Connected sensors and image vision can provide an accurate detail of the situation
and help decide the safest course of action. IoT in oil and gas can help reduce deaths
and injuries caused to employees significantly. The fatality rates among oil and gas
employees are decreasing, and loT can help bring down the number to a greater
extent. Accidents can prove to be expensive to the companies financially as well as
damage the reputation of the company. By using loT-enabled safety measures, oil
and gas companies can provide their workers with a safe working environment.

Carbon footprint control

• The implementation of lot in oil and gas operations results in the efficient working
of the industry. IoT solutions prove beneficial financially as well as environmentally.
With efficient management and working of the plant, the carbon emissions generated
by them can be reduced significantly. It helps lower the environmental footprint
generated by oil drilling and production operations. Oil and gas companies can thus
carry out their moral responsibility of not impacting the environment in a harmful
way while carrying out operations.

Supply-chain management

The oil and gas industry has always faced the problem of inventory planning and
optimization. IoT helps in efficient planning and scheduling in the supply-chain
process. Refineries can use sensors to detect the blends of crude oil incoming and
the exact location where the barrels are stored. This data proves valuable for
operation and production decisions. The use of loT in oil and gas supply
management chain brings transparency and authenticity to the industry.

Increased revenue

In recent years, the competition among oil and gas companies has been increasing.
The leading organizations are seeking strategies to help maximize efficiency and
improve their profits. Focusing on short-term cost-cutting measures can hamper
long-term business success. Investing in loT will ensure companies are more
successful in reducing their operating costs. Improving efficiencies, the demand and
supply predictions, and streamlining expensive processes can be achieved
significantly with loT solutions. Minimizing the unnecessary expenditure in terms
of capital and human resources can help companies cut down on operating costs
significantly.

Conclusion

Creating 'smart' oil and gas will continue to be a long, evolving process. IoT
solutions are making their way from the plant to boardrooms. The use of lot in oil
and gas is thus, not limited to only the plant and rig operations, but covers many, if
not all, aspects. The loT and the data generated by these devices are helping change
the way the industry operates and ushering a new era of efficiency and profitability
for the companies involved.

Activity monitoring
Introduction
✓ Wearable sensors have become very popular for different purposes such as:
• Medical
• Child-care
 • Elderly-care
• Entertainment
• Security

✔Particularly in loT scenarios, activity monitoring plays an important role for

providing better quality of life and safe guarding humans.
✔Provides information accurately in a reliable manner
✓ Provides continuous monitoring support.

Advantages
✓ Continuous monitoring of activity results in daily observation of human behavior
and repetitive patterns in their activities.
✓ Easy integration and fast equipping
✓ Long term monitoring
✓ Utilization of sensors of handheld devices
• Accelerometer
• Gyroscope
• GPS

Data Analysis Tools

✓ Statistical
Sensor data
✓ Machine Learning Based
Sensor data
Deep Learning Based
Sensor data
Images
Videos

Approaches
✓ In-place
On the device
Power intensive
No network connection required
✓ Network Based
Larger and processing intensive methods can be applied
Group based analytics possible
Low power consumption
Average to good network connection
IOT IN AGRICULTURE
Today, India ranks second in the world in farm output 64% of cultivated land
dependent on monsoons.
• Irrigation accounts for 55-75% of water usage in India.
• Nearly 60% of the water used in irrigation is wasted.
• we conserve water by using soil moisture sensors

IOT APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE

Crop water management
Pest management and control works
Precision agriculture
Food production and safety etc.,

CROP WATER MANAGEMENT

Usually the farmer pumps the water more or less to cultivate the land.
• This may result in wastage of water or insufficiency to the crops.
sends an alerting message to the farmer when the moisture level increases or
decreases.

PEST MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL WORKS

➢ Often farmers hardwork are destroyed by predators(pests) that results in huge
loss to farmers.
➢ To prevent such situation AGRICULTURE INTERNET OF THINGS has a
system that detects the motion of predators using PIR sensors.
This information can be used by the farmers to reduce damage done by predators.

IMPLEMENTED METHOD
SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
• A sensor that will sense the moisture level in the land (sand) called SOIL
MOISTURE SENSOR.
PASSIVE INFRARED SENSOR
• A PIR based motion detector is used to sense movement of people,animals or
other objects.
ARDUINO
• Both SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR and PIR SENSOR are connected to the
Arduino to perform an action.
• Arduino will send the data to the data base using Ethernet shield and if
emergency it also send message to the user by using a device called GSM module.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
➢ Cost effective method ➢ Need for each soil type
➢ Optimize water use is calibrated
➢ Sustain high-yielding
➢ High quality crop production

CONCLUSION
• We can predict soil moisture level and motion of predators.
• Irrigation system can be monitored.
• Damage caused by predators is reduced.
• Increased productivity.
• Water conservation.
• Profit to farmers.

Applications of lot in Healthcare

1. Heart Rate Monitoring

• Very helpful for emergencies

• Analyses heart rate in an efficient way
• It is most effective an demandable application of IoT
in healthcare

2. Nurse Assistant Robot

• This robot not only helps nurse but also can communicate with the patients.
• Nurse can set-up their own commands according to the schedule.
• Clean the room for new patients if any patients gets discharged.

3. Connected Contact Lenses

• Detection of tear glucose level and early detection of diabetes could be possible.
It can detect the change in size of eyeball(a symptom of glaucoma)
• Early detection of various diseases.

4. Remote Patient Monitoring

• Helps rural people with extent reach of doctor
• Reduces travel and hospital charges
Sends notification to doctor if patient doesn't takes medicine on
time

smart grid in iot

What is Smart Grid ?
• In the world of the Smart Grid, consumers and utility companies alike have tools
to manage, monitor and respond to energy issues.
➢ The flow of electricity from utility to consumer becomes
• A two-way conversation
Saving consumers money
• Energy, delivering more transparency in terms of end-user use
• Reducing carbon emissions.

Definition of Smart grid

Modernization of the electricity delivery system so that it
• Monitors
• Protects
• Automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements - from the
central and distributed generator through the high-voltage network and distribution
system
➢ to industrial users and building automation systems
➢ to energy storage installations
➢ to end-use consumers and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliances and
other household devices
• The Smart Grid in large, sits at the intersection of Energy, IT and
Telecommunication Technologies.
Smart Grid in Distribution
Distribution Automization
Demand Optimization - Selective Load Control
Operation -Islanding of Micro-grids

Distribution Automization/Optimization
• Managing Distribution Network Model
• Outage management and AMI Integration
• DMS & Advanced Switching Applications
• Integrated Voltage/ VAR Control
Demand Optimization
• Demand Response - Utility
• Demand Response - Consumer
• Demand Response Management System
• In Home Technology enabling

Demand Optimization
• Smart Metering-
• Automatic, Time of Use, Consumer Communication & Load Control
• Communications: Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) - LAN, WAN, HAN
• DRMS (Demand Response Management)
• In Home enabling technology
• Demand in three category:
• Immediate, Deferrable, Storable
• Customer aggregation & De-aggregation required for Peak shifting

Smart cities
ADVANCES, PERSPECTIVES, CHALLENGES IN SOME
TECHNICAL AREAS OF IOT AND SMART CITIES
Architectures
Platforms
Smart Cities and (examples of) other loT application
domains
•Data of the lot and intelligence from
IOT IN SMART CITIES
Smart city will promote a healthy and decent quality of life for its citizens while it
promotes better infrastructures, clean and sustainable environment using smart
solutions which includes :-

MAJOR SECTORS IN SMART CITIES :-

ROAD TRAFFIC
SMART PARKING
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
SMART METERS AND BILLING
STREET LIGHTNING
WASTE MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENT

WASTE MANAGEMENT :-
• PROBLEMS :-
• Dustbin either full or not present.
• Tends to spill over and pollutes surrounding.
• At the time of collection, hall full or over full.
• Collection becomes inefficient.

SOLUTIONS -
• Put sensor which will automatically provide status of fill level and raise alert.
• These sensors include temperature, GPS, ultra sonic sensors.
• Systems to suck the wet garbage through underground pipes.
• GPS enabled trucks. Route optimized according to the pickup points, traffic and
road conditions.
• Send pickup points and route information to truck drivers.

BENEFITS
• Cost reduction
Saves fuel, time and effort
CO2 emission reduction
• Clean and green neighbourhood
• Avoid pollution
• Improved efficiency through real-time monitoring
• Predicts waste generation patterns
• Makes arrangement in advance to avoid unexpected waste accumulation

SMART PARKING
• PROBLEM :-
• While searching for parking slots :-
• Excess consumption of fuel
Wastage of time
• Congestion on road
• SOLUTION :-
• Smart Parking System :-
• Sensors in the parking area communicate occupancy of a slot to the parking area
receiver
App shows all the nearby parking spaces
App notifies users how many parking slots are available where he can park which
reduces the number automatically

BENEFITS OF THIS SMART PARKING SYSTEM

• Saves fuel
• Saves time
• Less traffic on road
• Easy payment option
SMART STREETLIGHT PROBLEMS :-
Excessive use of energy
Inconvenience to pedestrians in case of light failure
• SOLUTIONS :-
• Varying intensity of LED lights by using movement detection sensors
• Detect malfunctioning of the light and notify the service station
Intensity of the light also controlled using weather sensors

SMART TRAFFIC LIGHT

OBJECTIVE:
• To allow smooth flow of traffic and reduce traffic jams
• To avoid mishaps on road

SOLUTION:
• Sensors and camera detect congestion at signals
• Change traffic light based on congestion
• Zebra crossing automation
• Sensors detect over-speeding and camera detect the registration number
• Display conditions of road and display message on sign board accordingly
• Detect accidents and update maps and sign boards suggesting alternative routes
• Preference given to ambulance, fire brigade, etc.

PUBLIC TRANSPORT
OBJECTIVE:-
• To improve ease of access so as to encourage use of public transport

SOLUTION :-
• Show a map with details of buses on this route
• Shows details of particular route number
• Status on next bus arrival
• Number of vacant seats and fare details
• Can also be accessed on mobile apps
• Smart card for payment

BENEFIT
• Less traffic jams leads to lesser fuel consumption thus lesser CO2 consumption
• Road safety is improved
Smooth flow of traffic
• Convenient to both vehicle and pedestrian commuters
Saves power by controlling lights

SMART METERS AND BILLING

• OBJECTIVE:-
• To help consumers see exactly how much energy they're using, and what it's
costing them.

SOLUTION :-
• Monitors the reading
• The system sends the reading to the supplier immediately
• Also implements In-Home display
• Monitors how much energy is used
• The smart electricity meter connects to the mobile phone network too sends
information about how much gas and
to your energy supplier

BENEFITS
• No need to submit meter reading
• We can closely track the electricity usage
• Accurate bills, no more estimates
• Highlights faulty appliances
• Prepay friendly

SOME OF THE KEY SMART CITY TECHNOLOGIES RELEVANT FOR

SAFE CITY INCLUDES:-
• Panic buttons in public places and SoS mobile applications
• Video surveillance cameras and monitoring
• 24/7 emergency helpline centres
Remote FIR centres
• Community volunteer network platform
• Smart reporting by the citizens
• Incident respon