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Primary Succession: Stages, Examples, Importance


February 3, 2024 by Sanju Tamang
Edited By: Sagar Aryal

A natural community can change over time and get replaced by another due to several
disruptions in nature. This process of successional change is called ecological
succession. Ecological succession is the gradual and sequential development of a group of
species over a long time, ranging from decades to millions of years.

There are two main kinds of ecological succession – primary and secondary. While both
involve the development of species in a specific habitat, they vary in the ecological
history and origin of the habitat.

Primary succession is a natural ecological process that occurs in environments where


severe disturbances have left landscapes barren and devoid of life. The process of
primary succession involves the step-by-step development of communities on newly exposed
substrates, driven by the interactions among colonizing plants, animals, and soil
microbes.

This phenomenon is particularly observed in areas that have experienced severe


disturbances, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, mining activities, or even in
aquatic environments with newly exposed rocks, reefs, and shorelines. Understanding
primary succession is essential for dealing with problems like the recovery of plants and
animals, along with soil development, after major disruptions in nature.

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