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1.11 Introduction of Variable and Data Type in Java

The document discusses variables and data types in Java. It defines a variable as a reserved memory location that holds a value. It describes different types of variables like local, static, and instance variables. It also explains primitive and non-primitive data types in Java and provides examples of declaring and initializing variables.

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harendra tomar
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22 views

1.11 Introduction of Variable and Data Type in Java

The document discusses variables and data types in Java. It defines a variable as a reserved memory location that holds a value. It describes different types of variables like local, static, and instance variables. It also explains primitive and non-primitive data types in Java and provides examples of declaring and initializing variables.

Uploaded by

harendra tomar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction Of Variable And Data Type In Java

Introduction

In this article, you will learn about variable, data type and how we can use variables and data type in
Java with examples.

What is a Variable?

Variable is a reserved memory location to hold a value. In other words, when we want to store any value
and give it a name, that value takes a reserved space in memory and it’s called as a variable.

Variable has any value, which is located in the memory.

Let’s see, how we can declare the variable.

data type variable ;

For example:

int x ; (int is a data type and x is a variable name).

int y;

int x , y;

int x = 4 , y = 5;

byte p = 65;

double pi = 3.1415;

char q = ‘s’ ;

Types of variable are-

1) Local Variable

A variable, which is declared inside any methods, constructors and blocks is known as a local variable. Its
scope is limited because it is used locally in the method. It is created after the creation of the method,
constructor, block, local variable is not visible to class and not accessed by the class.

For example

In this example, first we create a class and a method. Afterwards, declare two local variables, inside the
method.

Code-
public class LocalVariableExm {
void message() { //it is a method.

int p; // declaration of Local Variable.

int x = 10; // declaration and initialization of Local Variable.

2) Static Variable

Static variable is very important type of variable. We use static keyword with the variable. Hence, it’s
called as a static variable. Static Variable is declared inside the class and outside the method, constructor
and a block. Static variable belongs to the class not an Object and it is stored in static memory. Its
default value is 0 and we can call the static variable with its class name. Hence, there is no need to
create an object in static variable.

For example

In this example, first we create a class and three variables outside the method, where two variables are
static variables.

Code-
public class StaticVariableExm {

int p;

static int q = 10; // Static Variable with initialization

static int r; // Static Variable declaration

void message() {

}
}
3) Instance Variable

Instance variable is declared inside the class but outside the method, constructor or block. It has
widest scope because it is globally visible to the whole class. It is created at the time of an object
creation. When instance variable is created that time, it takes space in the heap memory and it is called
through object and default value is 0.

For example-

In this example, first we create a class and two instance variables outside the method.

Code-
public class InstanceVariableExm {

int a; // Declaration of instance variable.

int b = 10; // Declaration and initialization of instance variable.

void message() {

Data type

With the help of data type, we can store value in the integers, decimals and characters.
There are two types of data types, which are-

1) Primitive data type – Java supports eight primitive data type, which are predefined by Java
language and named as a keyword.

Data Type Default Size Default Value


Byte 1 byte 0
Short 2 byte 0
Int 4 byte 0
Long 8 byte 0L
Float 4 byte 0.0f
Double 8 byte 0.0d
Char 2 byte ‘\u0000’
Boolean 1 bit false

Maximum value and Minimum value

 Byte - Minimum value is -128 (-2^7) and Maximum value is 127 (inclusive)(2^7 -1)

 Short - Minimum value is -32,768 (-2^15) and Maximum value is 32,767 (inclusive) (2^15 -1)

 Int- Minimum value is -2,147,483,648.(-2^31) and Maximum value is 2,147,483,647(inclusive).


(2^31 -1)

 Long - Minimum value is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808.(-2^63) and Maximum value is


9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (inclusive). (2^63 -1)

 Char - Minimum value is '\u0000' (or 0) and Maximum value is '\uffff' (or 65,535 inclusive).

2) Non primitive Data Type – Non Primitive data types also known as a Reference data types. Reference
variable is used to refer to any object of the declared type and by default, its value is null. Class objects
string and various type of array variables are reference data types.

Summary

Thus, we learnt that variable is a reserved memory location to hold a value and data type is mainly used
to store value in the integers, decimals, characters and also learnt how to use it in Java.

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