Artificial Intelligence Lab

PART 1

1) Write a program to find the maximum of three numbers

max(A, B, C) :- (A>B;A=B),(A>C;A=C), write(A).

max(A, B, C) :- (A<B;A=B),(B>C;B=C), write(B).
max(A, B, C) :- (C>B;C=B),(A<C;A=C), write(C).

2) Write a Prolog Program to find the factorial of a number.

factorial(0, 1).
factorial(N, M) :- N > 0,
Prev is N -1,
factorial(Prev, M1),
M is M1 * N.

3) Write a program in PROLOG to calculate the GCD of two numbers

gcd(X,0):- write(X).
gcd(X,Y):-
M is mod(X,Y),
gcd(Y,M).

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4) Write a program in PROLOG to generate the Fibonacci series

fib(0,0).
fib(1,1).
fib(F,N) :-
N>1,
N1 is N-1,
N2 is N-2,
fib(F1,N1),
fib(F2,N2),
F is F1+F2.

5) Write a program in PROLOG to count the number of elements in a list.

count(0,[]).
count(N,[_|TAIL]) :-
count(N1,TAIL),
N is N1+1.

6) Write a program to insert an element at the beginning/ middle/ end of a list

insert_begin(X,L,R) :-
R = [X|L].
insert_end(X,[],[X]).
insert_end(X,[Y|TAIL],[Y|R]) :-
insert_end(X,TAIL,R).
insert_mid(X,0,Y,[X|Y]).
insert_mid(X,POS,[Y|TAIL],[Y|R]) :-
P is POS-1,
insert_mid(X,P,TAIL,R).

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7) Write a program in PROLOG to find the GCD of the elements of a list

gcd(X,0,X).
gcd(X,Y,R):-
M is mod(X,Y),
gcd(Y,M,R).

gcdList(X,[],X).
gcdList(X,[Y|TAIL],R) :-
gcd(X,Y,Z),
gcdList(Z,TAIL,R).
find_gcd(X,[A,B|TAIL]):-
gcd(A,B,R),
gcdList(R,TAIL,X).

8) Write a program in PROLOG to find the maximum of a list

max(A,B,X):-
A > B, X is A.
max(A,B,X):-
B >= A, X is B.
maxList(X,[],X).
maxList(X,[Y|TAIL],R) :-
max(X,Y,Z),
maxList(Z,TAIL,R).
find_max(X,[A,B|TAIL]):-
max(A,B,R),
maxList(R,TAIL,X).

9) Write a program in PROLOG to reverse a list

insert_end(X,[],[X]).
insert_end(X,[Y|TAIL],[Y|R]) :-
insert_end(X,TAIL,R).
revList([],[]).
revList([Y|TAIL],Z) :-
revList(TAIL,R),
insert_end(Y,R,Z).

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10) Write a program in PROLOG to check whether a number or string is a palindrome or not
insert_end(X,[],[X]).
insert_end(X,[Y|TAIL],[Y|R]) :-
insert_end(X,TAIL,R).
revList([],[]).
revList([Y|TAIL],Z) :-
revList(TAIL,R),
insert_end(Y,R,Z).
palin(X):- revList(X,X),write('Palindrome').

11) Write a program in PROLOG to delete an element from a list

deleteL(X,[X|TAIL],TAIL).
deleteL(X,[Y|TAIL],[Y|R]) :-
deleteL(X,TAIL,R).

12) Write a program in PROLOG for linear search/ binary search in a list
linSearch(X,[X|TAIL],1).
linSearch(X,[Y|TAIL],POS):-
linSearch(X,TAIL,P),
POS is P+1.

13) Write a program in PROLOG to sort n numbers using the bubble sort algorithm .

bubble_sort(List,Sorted):-b_sort(List,[],Sorted).
b_sort([],Acc,Acc).
b_sort([H|T],Acc,Sorted):-bubble(H,T,NT,Max),b_sort(NT,[Max|Acc],Sorted).
bubble(X,[],[],X).
bubble(X,[Y|T],[Y|NT],Max):-X>Y,bubble(X,T,NT,Max).
bubble(X,[Y|T],[X|NT],Max):-X=<Y,bubble(Y,T,NT,Max).

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14) Write a program in PROLOG for Towers of Hanoi problem

toh(1,X,Y,_) :-
write(X), write(' to '), write(Y), nl.
toh(N,X,Y,Z) :-
N>1,
M is N-1,
toh(M,X,Z,Y),
toh(1,X,Y,_),
toh(M,Z,Y,X).

15) Write a program in PROLOG for 4-Queens problem

use_module(library(lists)).
n_queen(N, Solution) :-
length(Solution, N),
queen(Solution, N).
up2N(N,N,[N]) :-!.
up2N(K,N,[K|Tail]) :- K < N, K1 is K+1, up2N(K1, N, Tail).
queen([],_).
queen([Q|Qlist],N) :-
queen(Qlist, N),
up2N(1,N,Candidate_positions_for_queenQ),
member(Q, Candidate_positions_for_queenQ),
check_solution(Q,Qlist, 1).
check_solution(_,[], _).
check_solution(Q,[Q1|Qlist],Xdist) :-
Q =\= Q1,
Test is abs(Q1-Q),
Test =\= Xdist,
Xdist1 is Xdist + 1,
check_solution(Q,Qlist,Xdist1).

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PART 2

2. Write a Prolog Program to find the sum of square of N numbers.

sumSq(1,1).
sumSq(N,R):-
N > 1,
N1 is N-1,
sumSq(N1,R1),
P is N*N,
R is R1+P.

3. Write a Prolog Program to find the sum of inverse of N numbers.

suminv(N,R) :-
suminv(N,0,R).
suminv(0,R,R).
suminv(N,T,R) :- N > 0 , T1 is T+(1/N), N1 is N-1,
suminv(N1,T1,R).

4. Write a Prolog Program to find sum of first N natural numbers.

sumN(0,0).
sumN(N,R):-
N > 0,
N1 is N-1,
sumN(N1,R1),
R is R1+N.

6. Write a Prolog Program to find the square root of a number using function.
sqRoot(X,R):- R is sqrt(X).

7. Write a Prolog Program to find the modulus of two numbers using function.
modulus(X,Y):-A is mod(X,Y),write(A).

9. Write a Prolog Program to find the positive, negative or zero.

check(A):-A>0,write('Positive');
A<0,write('Negative');
write('Zero').

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10. Write a Prolog Program to find even odd using function.

check(A):-X is A mod 2,
(X is 0,write('Even'));
write('Odd').

11. Write a Prolog Program to print N to 20 using for loop (Fixing the end value).
fun(20):-write(20).
fun(N):-N < 20,
write(N),write(', '),
N1 is N+1,
fun(N1).

12. Write a Prolog Program to print N to 20 numbers using for loop, in reverse order.
fun(20):-write(20).
fun(N):-N > 20,
write(N),write(', '),
N1 is N-1,
fun(N1).

13. Write a Prolog Program to print N to M numbers using for loop.

fun(N,N):-write(N).
fun(M,N):-M < N,
write(M),write(', '),
M1 is M+1,
fun(M1,N).

17. Write a Prolog Program to find multiplication of all list members

multL([X],X).
multL([X|TAIL],R):-
multL(TAIL,R1),
R is R1*X.

18. Write a Prolog Program to append a new list to another list.

appendL([], L, L).
appendL([H|TAIL], L, [H|R]) :-
appendL(TAIL, L, R).

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19. Write a Prolog Program to find sum of all list members.

list_sum([],0).
list_sum([Head|Tail], Sum) :-
list_sum(Tail,SumTemp),
Sum is Head + SumTemp.

20. Write a Lisp program to find whether a number is positive or negative or zero.
(setq a (read))
(cond
( (> a 0) (format t "~d is positive" a) )
( (< a 0)(format t "~d is negative" a) )
(t (format t "~d is zero" a))
)

21. Write a Lisp program to find area of circle.

(princ "Enter Radius: ")
(defvar radius (read))
(defvar area(* 3.14 radius radius ))
(princ radius)
(terpri)
(princ "Area: ")
(write area)

22. Write a Lisp program to print N natural numbers.

(princ "Enter number: ")
(defvar n (read))
(loop for a from 1 to n do (princ a)(princ " ") )

23. Write a Lisp program to add function to add two numbers.

(defun addfunc (n1 n2)
( + n1 n2 )
)
(princ "Enter first number: ")
(defvar n1 (read))
(princ "Enter second number: ")
(defvar n2 (read))
(write(addfunc n1 n2))

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