1 introducción

Apreciados estudiantes, sean bienvenidos al curso Ingles VI, en esta oportunidad

analizaremos la Unidad III: All kinds of people, en esta estudiaremos los
contenidos relativos a:
Contenido (s) del día:
1. Modal auxiliary MAY /MIGHT
2. Past progressive tense with WHEN / WHILE
3. Relative pronouns WHO, THAT, WHICH
4. Reading: People who make a big difference
5. Conversations: Expeculating about possible activities people
develop by looking at post cards.
Con esta unidad podremos dotarnos de competencias básicas enfocadas en los
siguientes objetivos:
Conceptuales:
1. Express sentences and exercises using Modal auxiliary may, might in
English in the learning of the foreign language Procedimentales:
2. Form English phrases and sentences using Past progressive tense with
when, while.
Actitudinales:
3. Make use of c. Relative pronouns who, that, which in readings and
conversations.

2 Estructura:
En el material de estudio encontraran la siguiente información:
1- Contenidos explicados de la unidad. En las dos sesiones de clase, semana 3
y 4.
2- Actividades prácticas con sus respectivas orientaciones.
3- Asignación de trabajos en equipos e individuales.

3 Contenidos de la Unidad
3.1.1 Review Modal Auxiliaries
The characteristics of modal verbs
1. They are not conjugated, as we saw in the previous section.
2. They modify other verbs, so after a modal verb there is always a verb in its
infinitive form (without the to), for example:
You can eat better.
3. They express certainty, ability, need, disposition and obligation.
4. The negative or interrogative form of a modal verb does not need an auxiliary,
since the verb in question is used for those purposes, for example:
I can't swim. (I do not know how to swim)

May: Este modal verb se utiliza para expresar posibilidad y probabilidad.

Might: Might es usado para dar sugerencias y posibilidades y también se usa
para peticiones y ofrecimientos.
3.2 1. Modal auxiliary MAY /MIGHT
'May' and 'might' are modal auxiliaries. They are generally used to ask for
permission or to indicate possibility.
In terms of possibility, these two modal auxiliaries have the same uses and
meanings.
They differ in that 'may' has a higher degree of certainty.
Ejemplo:
I may go to the beach tomorrow (probabilidad alta).
I might go to the beach tomorrow (probabilidad baja).
Afirmativa Interrogativa Negativa Negativa corta
may may not mayn't
might might not mightn't
 (prof, s.f.)
Past progressive or past continuous.

It narrates actions that happened in the past at the time it was happening. Relates the
course of an event in the past tense.

3.3 2. Past progressive tense with WHEN / WHILE

While or when
With the Past Continuous sentences have clauses that start with ‘while’ or ‘when’.
‘While’ usually starts the clause with the Past Continuous,
‘When’ usually starts the clause with the Past Simple.
Examples
It started raining while I was jogging. / While I was jogging, it started raining.
When it started raining, I was jogging. / I was jogging when it started raining.
Notice that although the meaning of each pair of sentences is the same, 'while' or
'when' shift emphasis. (Centers, s.f.)
3.4 3. Relative pronouns WHO, THAT, WHICH
Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. The most common relative
pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, that. The relative pronoun we use
depends on what we are referring to and the type of relative clause.
who people and sometimes pet defining and
animals non-defining
which animals and things defining and non-
defining; clause
referring to a
whole sentence

that people, animals and things; defining only

informal
whose possessive meaning; for defining and non-
people and animals usually; defining
sometimes for things in formal
situations
whom people in formal styles or in defining and non-
writing; often with a preposition; defining
rarely in conversation; used instead
of who if who is the object
no when the relative pronoun defines defining only
relative the object of the clause
pronoun

3.4.1 Relative pronouns: who

We use who in relative clauses to refer to people, and sometimes to pet
animals. We use it to introduce defining and non-defining relative clauses:
I think there’d be a lot of children who’d love to have a climbing wall in
school. (defining)
That’s the dog who doesn’t like me. (defining; referring to a pet animal)
There’s this guy at work, who’s one of my friends, well he’s never been on a
train.
(non-defining)
Subjects and objects
Who can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause:
She’s going out with a bloke who’s in the army. (who refers to a bloke and is
the subject of is in the relative clause; bloke is an informal word for a man)
 The woman who I saw yesterday was Sheila. (who refers to the woman and is
the object of saw in the relative clause)
3.4.2 Who + prepositions
We can use who as the complement of a preposition:
It was Cath who I an gave the keys to. It wasn’t me. (who refers to Cath and is
the complement of the preposition to)
We put the preposition at the end of the relative clause, and not immediately
before who:
Of all my friends, she’s the one who I know I can rely on.
Not: … the one on who I know I can rely.
3.4.3 Who with collective groups of people
We often use who with collective human nouns (e.g. committee, government,
group, panel, police, team):
Nicola phoned the fire brigade, who then alerted the police and social workers.
We do not use who for things:
There are some very good art books which you can get ideas from.
Not: There are some very good art books who you can get ideas from.
3.4.4 Relative pronouns: which
We use which in relative clauses to refer to animals and to things. We use
it to introduce defining and non-defining relative clauses. We always use
which to introduce relative clauses when they refer to a whole sentence
or clause: You need to tick the box which says yes. (defining)
He won’t have much time to prepare for the meeting, which is this afternoon.
(nondefining)
She had to get up and walk all the way to the other side of the room, which
isn’t easy with a bad back. (which refers to the whole sentence before it)
3.4.5 We use which or that, not what:
Another activity which/that I have chosen is photography.
Not: Another activity what I have chosen is photography.
Subjects and objects
 Which can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause:
The new sports complex, which will be built on the site of the old power
station, will provide facilities for cricket, soccer, bowls and badminton.
(which refers to the new sports complex and is the subject of will be built in
the relative clause) It was the same picture which I saw at the National
Gallery. (which refers to the same picture and is the object of saw in the
relative clause)
Which + prepositions
We can use which as the complement of a preposition:
Early in the Autumn Term there is a reception at which you can meet current
staff and students. (which refers to a reception and is the complement of at)
Close by, in the churchyard, is the famous Rudston stone, from which the
village takes its name. (which refers to the famous Rudston stone and is the
complement of from)
We can put the preposition immediately before the relative pronoun (more
formal) or at the end of the relative clause (more informal).
Compare
more formal more informal
The title of the poem indicates that the poet I’ve never felt close to the
knows himself to be separated from the community which I grew up
community in which he grew up. in.

Which referring to a whole sentence

Relative clauses referring to a whole sentence are always introduced by which:
There’s going to be a new headteacher in September, which is good. It’s time for a
change.

[talking about a playschool for young children]

A: It’s lovely and clean there, and there are lots of toys that he can play with and he’s
so happy.
B: Which is much more important.
3.4.6 Relative pronouns: that
We use that instead of who, whom or which in relative clauses to refer to people,
animals and things. We use it to introduce defining clauses only. That is more informal
than who, whom or which:

We met somebody last night that did the speech therapy course two years after you.
(refers to a person)
The 8.30 is the train that you need to get. (refers to a
thing) She blamed herself for everything that had
happened.
Subjects and objects
That can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause:
He finally remembers one lesson that his mum had taught him early – Don’t take
money that doesn’t belong to you. (that refers to money and is the subject of belong in
the relative clause)
It’s the same cooker that my mother has. (that refers to the same cooker and is the
object of has in the relative clause)
That after superlatives
We often use that after superlatives:
The Wimbledon men’s final was the best game of tennis that I’ve ever seen.
That + prepositions
That can refer to the complement of a preposition:
We’ve got some tennis balls that you can play with. (that refers to some tennis balls
and is the complement of the preposition with)
more formal more informal
The title of the poem indicates that the poet I’ve never felt close to the
knows himself to be separated from the community which I grew
community in which he grew up. up in.
Which referring to a whole sentence
Relative clauses referring to a whole sentence are always introduced by which:
There’s going to be a new headteacher in September, which is good. It’s time for a
change.
[talking about a playschool for young children]
A: It’s lovely and clean there, and there are lots of toys that he can play with and he’s
so happy.
B: Which is much more important.
Relative pronouns: that
We use that instead of who, whom or which in relative clauses to refer to people,
animals and things. We use it to introduce defining clauses only. That is more informal
than who, whom or which:

We met somebody last night that did the speech therapy course two years after you.
(refers to a person)
The 8.30 is the train that you need to get. (refers to a
thing) She blamed herself for everything that had
happened.
Subjects and objects
That can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause:
He finally remembers one lesson that his mum had taught him early – Don’t take
money that doesn’t belong to you. (that refers to money and is the subject of belong in
the relative clause)
It’s the same cooker that my mother has. (that refers to the same cooker and is the
object of has in the relative clause)
That after superlatives
We often use that after superlatives:
The Wimbledon men’s final was the best game of tennis that I’ve ever seen.
That + prepositions
That can refer to the complement of a preposition:
We’ve got some tennis balls that you can play with. (that refers to some tennis balls
and is the complement of the preposition with) (Dictionary, s.f.)
3.4.1 5. Conversations: Expeculating about possible activities
people develop Ejercicios de reutillizacion.

3.4.2 Exercise 1, reading the text. Example.

To assess the importance of these pronouns, we will tell the same story twice:
once without relative pronouns; and, the other, using them.
Claudia is an English teacher. Claudia was born in Spain. She has two
daughters, Laura and Elena. Laura is 6 years old and Elena is 4 years old. Claudia is not
married yet, but she lives with a special man. His name is Roberto. She met him in
Venezuela. Claudia and Roberto are buying a new house. The house has three floors and a
big garden with a pool. Laura and Elena are very excited about their new home. They want
to have a dog. They want him to play in the garden with them.
Claudia is an English teacher who was born in Spain. She has two daughters, Laura, who is 6
years old, and Elena, who is 4 years old. She is not married yet, but she lives with a special
man whose name is Roberto, whom she met in Venezuela. Claudia and Roberto are buying a
new house which has three floors and a big garden with a pool. Laura and Elena, who are
very excited about the house, want to have a dog that plays in the garden with them.