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Introduction To Connection Design For Steel Structures

This document discusses steel connection design using bolted and welded connections. It provides formulas and examples for calculating the strength of bolted connections in tension, shear, and combined loading. It also discusses welded connection types and provides formulas for calculating the strength of fillet welds in tension and shear. Sample problems demonstrate using the formulas to design bolted and welded connections.

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Erick Auger
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1K views

Introduction To Connection Design For Steel Structures

This document discusses steel connection design using bolted and welded connections. It provides formulas and examples for calculating the strength of bolted connections in tension, shear, and combined loading. It also discusses welded connection types and provides formulas for calculating the strength of fillet welds in tension and shear. Sample problems demonstrate using the formulas to design bolted and welded connections.

Uploaded by

Erick Auger
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Connection Design

Bolted Steel Connections

Bolts in tension

6 x 200 =1200 kN

Bolts in shear

Failure modes of bolts in shear


Hole bearing

Hole tearout Bolt shear

Bolts in shear

d + 2 mm t

Hole tearout Br = t n e Fu
350W steel: Fu = 450 MPa

Bolt shear Vr = 0.6 n m Ab Fu


A325M bolts: Fu = 830 MPa A490M bolts: Fu = 1040 MPa

Hole bearing Br = 3 t d n F u

= 0.67; n = number of bolts; m = number of shear planes

Bolts in tension
threads shank

d
A325M 20 mm dia

Tensile strength Tr = 0.75 n Ab Fu =0.75(0.67)(1)(314)(830) N = 131 kN

Bolts in tension and shear

Bolts in combined shear and tension

2 f 2

+ T 0.56 ( Ab Fu )
2 f 2 b

Where = an interaction factor derived from test results = 0.69 for A325 bolts, shear plane through shank = 0.41 for A325 bolts, shear plane through threads = 0.56 for A490 bolts, shear plane through shank = 0.30 for A490 bolts, shear plane through threads

Interaction Formula
A simpler version:

2 f 2

+ T 0.56 ( Ab Fu )
2 f 2 b

(V

m)
2 r

(0.75b Ab Fu )2

T
Vr2

T T

2 f 2 r

1.0

Vf/Vr
1.0

1.0

Tf/Tr

Example
e = 45mm
A325M bolt: Fu = 830 MPa

d + 2 mm = 22 mm
350W steel: Fu = 450 MPa

t = 12mm

Hole tear-out Br = t n e Fu
= (0.67)(12)(3)(45)(450) = 487 x 103 N = 487 kN
To avoid hole tear-out e > 3d

d = 20mm Ab= d2/4=314 mm2

Bolt shear Vr = 0.6 n m Ab Fu


= 0.6(0.67)(3)(2)(314)(830) N = 630 kN

Hole bearing Br = 3 t d n F u
= (3)(0.67)(12)(20)(3)(450) = 651 x 103 N = 651 kN

Slip-critical connections
When slippage of a connection during normal service conditions (under unfactored loads) is undesirable Bolts are pretensioned to at least 70% of their ultimate strength Vs = c1 ks m n (0.7)(0.75) AbFu
where ks = slip coefficient and c1 = coefficient that relates the specific initial tension and mean slip to a 5% probability of slip for bolts installed by the turn-of-the-nut method

Values of c1 and ks
Contact surface of bolted parts
Clean mill scale, or blastcleaned with class A coatings Blast-cleaned or blast-cleaned with class B coatings Hot-dipped galvanized with wire brushed surfaces

ks

c1
A325 and A325M bolts A490 and A490M bolts

0.33 0.50 0.40

0.82 0.89 0.90

0.78 0.85 0.85

Slip-critical connections in combined shear and tension

V T + 1.9 1.0 Vs nAb Fu

Welded connections

4 Times Square, NYC

Welded connections

Types of welds:

Welded truss connections

Welded beam connections


Full penetration groove weld Bolted connection for web

Backing bar Simple connection Moment connection

Strength of welded connection


Tension
Base metal: Tr = Ag Fy Weld metal: Tr = w An Xu

Shear

w = 0.67

Base metal: Vr = 0.67 w Am Fu Weld metal: Vr = 0.67 w Aw Xu

Fillet weld strengths


L

P
= 0o = 90o

P
0.707b b

Am = b L Aw = 0.707 b L Base metal: Vr = 0.67 w Am Fu Weld metal: Vr = 0.67 w Aw Xu (1 + 0.5 sin1.5)

Electrode strengths, Xu
Matching electrode strength Xu [MPa] Steel grades (G40.21-M)

260 300 350 380 400 480 700 X X X X X X X X X

410 480 550 620 820

Fillet weld example


P
150 mm
00 2 m m

Base metal: Vr = 0.67 w Am Fu Weld metal: Vr = 0.67 w Aw Xu (1 + 0.5 sin1.5) 6 mm fillet Weld strength: Base metal: Pr = 0.67 w Am Fu = 0.67(0.67)(6)L(450) N = 1.2 L = 1.2 (550) = 660 kN

6 mm fillet

0.707b = 4.2 mm b = 6 mm

Am = b L Aw = 0.707 b L

Weld metal: Pr = 0.67 w Aw Xu (1 + 0.5 sin1.5) = 0.67(0.67)(0.707)(6)L(480)(..) N = 0.914 [400 + 1.5(150)] = 571 kN

Example
1000 kN

C
400 kN

800 kN

1142 kN

m 0m 15

Lreq = [800 / 0.9] / 2 = 444 mm

20 0

mm

1000 kN

6 mm fillet 400 kN

Tr = 2 x571 = 1142 kN

Example
A325 20 mm dia

Mr

Vr

450 mm

= Tr (0.45) kNm = 756 (0.45) = 340 kNm

16 mm

Tr = A Fy = 0.9 (16) (150) (350) N = 756 kN

15 0m m

Vr = 210/2 x 10 = 1050 kN

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