Chep 3.2
Chep 3.2
Data Model
Representation of simple features
⚫ Vector Data uses Points and their (X,Y) coordinates to
represent spatial features
⚫ Vector data model uses geometric objects like points, lines, and
areas to represent simple spatial features
⚫ Dimensionality and property distinguishes the 3 types of
geometric objects as well as the features they represent.
⚫ POINT
⚫ A point has O dimensions and has only the property of
location. A point may also be called a node, vertex or 0-cell.
⚫ A point feature is made up of a point or a set of separate points.
Example: wells in a particular area, cities in India.
⚫ LINE
⚫ A line is one-dimensional and has the property of length.
⚫ Line is also called edge, chain, link, 1-cell, polyline, or arc.
⚫ Line data are used to represent one-dimensional objects such as
roads, railroads, canals, rivers, and power lines.
⚫ The two end nodes and zero or more internal nodes or vertices define
a line.
⚫ A node or vertex is like a point but it only serves to define the line,
and provide shape in order to obtain a better approximation of the
actual feature.
⚫ The straight parts of a line between two consecutive vertices or end
nodes are called line segments.
⚫ Many GISs store a line as a simple sequence of coordinates of its end
nodes and vertices, assuming that all its segments are straight.
⚫ A line has 2 endpoints and points in between to make the shape of
the line. The shape of a line may be a smooth, curve or a connection
of straight line segments.
⚫ AREA or Polygon
⚫ An area is two-dimensional and has the property of area
(size) and perimeter. The area is also called polygon, face,
zone or 2-cell.
⚫ Area is made up of connected lines.
⚫ Areas as they are represented by their boundaries. Each
boundary is a cyclic sequence of line features;
⚫ An area may be alone or share boundaries with other
areas.
⚫ A polygon can represent a city, lack, river, stadium etc.
Representation of Vector Data Model
Vector Data Model can be represented in two data models