Turbine Engine Theory & Overhaul

Oral Test Questions

Student #1 (five questions)

A. What are the two principal types of compressors currently used in turbine engines?
Centrifugal and axial flow.
B. What prevents burning of the combustion chambers?
Cooling air along the inside wall of the liner.
C. What are carbon seals used for in turbine engines?
As oil seals for the rotor shaft bearings.
D. Where is the highest gas pressure in a turbojet engine?
At the outlet of the compressor or the entrance of the burner section (Diffuser).
E. An exhaust cone placed aft of the turbine in a jet engine will cause the pressure in the first part of the exhaust duct to
Increase and the velocity to decrease.

Student #2 (five questions)

A. What is the profile of a turbine engine compressor blade?
A reduced blade tip thickness.
B. In the dual axial-flow or twin spool compressor system, the first stage turbine drives the
High pressure compressor (N2).
C. What is the effect of relative humidity on turbojet or turbofan power?
Negligible effect.
D. What is the purpose of the interconnect tubes attached between can-type combustion chambers?
For flame propagation during starting.
E. Name the two basic sections of a gas turbine engine.
Cold section and hot section.

Student #3 (five questions)

A. The fan rotational speed of a dual axial compressor forward fan engine is the same as the
Low-pressure compressor (N1).
B. What turbine engine section provides for proper mixing of the fuel and air?
Combustion section.
C. What may be the indications if a turbojet or turbofan engine is out of trim?
The engine has high exhaust gas temperature (EGT) at target engine pressure ratio (EPR) for takeoff.
D. List four types of gas turbine engines:
1-Turbojet, 2-Turboprop, 3-Turboshaft, and 4-Turbofan.
E. What are labyrinth seals used for in turbine engines?
As oil seals for the rotor shaft bearings.

Student #4 (five questions)

A. The abbreviation Pt2 used in turbine engine terminology means
The total pressure at station No. 2.
B. In a gas turbine engine, combustion occurs at a constant
Pressure.
C. What is one method of relieving thermal stress on a turbine disk?
One means is to bleed cooling air back onto the face of the disk.
D. How are turbine engine rotor blades attached to rotor disks? (Name at least two methods.)
By a: (1) bulb-type root, (2) fir tree-type root, or (3) dovetail-type root.
E. What are the two types of thrust and torque producing engines?
(Thrust) Turbojet & Turbofan and (Torque) Turboprop & Turboshaft.
Student #5 (five questions)
A. What are the major components of a typical gas turbine engine?
An air inlet, compressor section, combustion section, turbine section, exhaust section, and accessory section.
B. Name two commonly used types of oil seals in turbine engines?
Labyrinth seal and carbon seal.
C. What prevents ice from building up on turbine engine inlets?
Pneumatic air (bleed air).
D. What is the discharge pressure of the exhaust nozzle compared to ambient?
Slightly higher.
E. How does the turbojet engine generate thrust?
The exhaust section nozzle accelerates the airflow of the gases and creates thrust.

Student #6 (five questions)

A. What happens to the air velocity & pressure when it flows thru a divergent duct?
The air velocity decreases and the pressure increases.
B. Where is the accessory gearbox located on most turbojet and turbofan engines?
At the bottom or six o’clock position of the engine compressor section.
C. How are gas turbine engine tachometers calibrated?
They are calibrated in percent of R.P.M.
D. What powers the variable inlet guide vanes used on some APUs to regulate compressor intake airflow?
Fuel pressure.
E. The secondary purpose of the turbine stators is to:
To direct the gases at the optimum angle into the turbine blades so that the wheel turns with maximum efficiency.

Student #7 (five questions)

A. What is use for deicing the inlet guide vanes?
Pneumatic air (bleed air).
B. What are the three functions of the diffuser?
Reduce air velocity, increase air pressure, and increase air temperature.
C. What are the two functional elements in a centrifugal compressor?
Impeller and diffuser.
D. What is the proper starting sequence for a turbojet engine?
Starter, ignition, fuel.
E. What advantages are gained using the active tip clearance control?
Keeps tip losses at a minimum at all power settings.

Student #8 (five questions)

A. What type of inlet duct is found on commercial aircraft?
Fixed geometry and have a divergent shape.
B. What is the purpose of primary and secondary airflow in the combustor?
Primary air is routed to the fuel nozzle area to support combustion. Secondary air is used for cooling.
C. What must be done after the fuel control unit has been replaced on an aircraft gas turbine engine?
Retrim the engine.
D. Generally, when starting a turbine engine, the starter should be disengaged
After the engine has reached self-accelerating speed.
E. What are three methods used to cool turbine rotor and stator blades?
Internal air flow cooling (convection cooling), surface film cooling, and a combination of both.
Student #9 (five questions)
A. Is the inlet duct, cowlings, and exhaust duct part of the engine?
No, the airframe.
B. What is the first engine instrument indication of a successful start of a turbine engine?
A rise in the exhaust gas temperature.
C. The diffuser section of a jet engine is located between
The compressor section and the burner section.
D. The abbreviation Pt7 used in turbine engine terminology means
The total pressure at station No. 7.
E. Shrouded tip turbine blades are normally used on which compressor?
Low pressure turbine.

Student #10 (five questions)

A. What is the ram recovery point?
This is the point at which pressure inside the inlet returns to ambient value.
B. The velocity of supersonic air as it flows through a divergent nozzle
Increases.
C. Compressor stall is caused by
A high angle of attack airflow through the first stages of compression.
(If the airflow entering the engine is restricted, reducing its velocity, the angle of attack of the compressor blade
will increase to such a point that compressor stall can occur.)
D. Who manufacturers the tail pipe?
The airframe manufactures.
E. Subsonic aircraft have what shape of exhaust?
Convergent shape.

Student #11 (five questions)

A. What type of inlet duct is used on helicopters?
Bellmouth inlet type.
B. What is the function of the inlet guide vane assembly on an axial-flow compressor?
Directs the air into the first stage rotor blades at the proper angle.
C. What is another name for the combustor section?
The burner section.
D. In what section of a turbojet engine is the jet nozzle located?
Exhaust.
E. What are the two basic elements of the turbine section in a turbine engine?
Stator and rotor.

Student #12 (five questions)

A. What type of inlet duct would be used on a supersonic aircraft?
Convergent-divergent inlet type.
B. The purpose of a bleed valve, located in the beginning stages of the compressor, in an gas turbine engine is to
Vent some of the air overboard to prevent a compressor stall.
C. What may be used to accomplish internal inspection of an assembled turbine engine?
A borescope.
D. In a gas turbine engine, combustion occurs at a constant
Pressure.
E. Some engine manufacturers of twin spool gas turbine engines identify turbine discharge pressure in their
maintenance manuals as
Pt7.
Student #13 (five questions)
A. What three elements that make up the centrifugal compressor?
The impeller rotor, the diffuser, and the manifold.
B. Main bearing oil seals used with turbine engines are usually what type(s)?
Labyrinth and/or carbon rubbing.
C. At what stage in a turbine engine are gas pressures the greatest?
Compressor outlet.
D. A turbine engine hot section is particularly susceptible to which kind of damage?
Cracking.
E. The pressure of subsonic air as it flows through a convergent nozzle
Decreases.

Student #14 (five questions)

A. What is the function of the inlet guide vanes?
To direct airflow into the rotor at the most desirable angle.
B. Anti-icing of jet engine air inlets is commonly accomplished by
Engine bleed air ducted through the critical areas.
C. The non-rotating axial-flow compressor airfoils in an aircraft gas turbine engine, are called
Stator vanes.
D. How many ignitor plugs are used in a turbine engine?
Two.
E. Turbine blades are generally more susceptible to operating damage than compressor blades because of
Exposure to high temperatures.

Student #15 (five questions)

A. What are two elements that make up one stage in an axial flow compressor?
Stator and Rotor.
B. Standard sea level pressure is
29.92" Hg.
C. Stator blades in the compressor section of an axial-flow turbine engine
Decrease the air velocity and prevent swirling.
D. The air passing through the combustion chamber of a turbine engine is used to
Support combustion and to cool the engine.
E. The velocity of subsonic air as it flows through a convergent nozzle
Increases.

Student #16 (five questions)

A. What is the primary purpose of the compressor?
Is to increase the pressure of the air mass.
B. Which turbine engine compressor offers the greatest advantages for both starting flexibility and improved high-
altitude performance?
Split-spool, axial-flow.
C. The compressor stators in a gas turbine engine act as diffusers to
Decrease the velocity of the gas flow.
D. Hot spots in the combustion section of a turbojet engine are possible indicators of
Malfunctioning fuel nozzles.
E. What type of turbine blade is most commonly used in aircraft jet engines?
Impulse-reaction.
Student #17 (five questions)
A. What is compressor bleed air used for?
To cool hot section parts, pressurize bearing seals, anti-icing the inlet, and fuel system deicing.
B. Using standard atmospheric conditions, the standard sea level temperature is
59°F.
C. What is the primary factor which controls the pressure ratio of an axial-flow compressor?
Number of stages in compressor.
D. Which of the following types of combustion sections are used in aircraft turbine engines?
Multiple-can, annular, and can-annular.
E. The exhaust section of a turbine engine is designed to
Impart a high exit velocity to the exhaust gases.

Student #18 (five questions)

A. What kind of bearings are used to support the rotor shaft of an aircraft turbine engine?
Anti-friction bearings, such as ball bearings and roller bearings.
B. Between each row of rotating blades in a turbine engine compressor, there is a row of stationary blades which act to
diffuse the air. These stationary blades are called
Stators.
C. In an axial-flow compressor, one purpose of the stator vanes at the discharge end of the compressor is to
Straighten the airflow and eliminate turbulence.
D. The highest heat-to-metal contact in a jet engine is the
Turbine inlet guide vanes.
E. The stators in the turbine section of a gas turbine engine
Increase the velocity of the gas flow.

Student #19 (five questions)

A. On a dual spool axial flow engine, what drives the accessory section?
A bevel gear drive shaft system driven by the main rotor shaft of the HPC (N2).
B. What is the mid span shroud?
Supports the blades against the bending forces from the airstream.
C. A gas turbine engine comprises which three main sections?
Compressor, combustion, and turbine
D. A condition known as 'hot streaking' in turbine engines is caused by
A partially clogged fuel nozzle.
E. Why do some turbine engines have more than one turbine wheel attached to a single shaft?
To extract more power from the exhaust gases than a single wheel can absorb.

Student #20 (five questions)

A. What is the secondary function of the main gear box?
To provide a collecting point for scavenged oil before being pumped back to the oil tank.
B. The pressure of supersonic air as it flows through a divergent nozzle
Decreases.
C. What is the major function of the turbine assembly in a turbojet engine?
Supplies the power to turn the compressor.
D. What is the purpose of the dump valve used on aircraft gas turbine engines?
The fuel is quickly cut off to the nozzles and the manifolds are drained preventing fuel boiling off as a result of
residual engine heat.
E. What is meant by a shrouded turbine?
The turbine blades are shaped so that their ends form a band or shroud.
Student #21 (five questions)
A. What name are giving to the compressor blade that have a reduced thickness at the tips?
Profile or squealer tip blades.
B. What is the difference of the compressor exit guide vanes?
The stators are stray to prevent turbulence.
C. What prevents the flame from contacting the combustors liner?
A portion of secondary air.
D. What are the three turbine blade designs?
Impulse, reaction, and impulse-reaction.
E. What is a choked nozzle?
Convergent duct.

Student #22 (five questions)

A. How are the compressor blades attached to the disk?
Dovetail-type root & Bulb-type root.
B. Which combustor design is the most efficient?
Annular combustor.
C. What is the function of the turbine stators?
Act as nozzles that increase velocity, decrease pressure, and direct the mass airflow to drive the turbine rotor at a
specific angle.
D. What reduces gas leakage over the turbine blade tips?
Blade tip shroud and knife-edge seal.
E. Who manufacturers the tail pipe?
The airframe manufactures.

Student #23 (five questions)

A. What is used to prevent compressor stalls and stabilize airflow?
Variable inlet guide vanes actuated by fuel or pneumatic air pressure to change the AOA.
B. At what point in the axial flow engine is the gas pressure the highest?
At the diffuser section.
C. What is the purpose of the turbine in the jet engine?
To drive the compressor and accessories.
D. What are the four types of combustors?
Multiple-can, annular, can-annular, and annular reverse-flow combustors.
E. At what point in a turbine engine is the temperature the highest?
At the inlet to the high-pressure turbine.

Student #24 (five questions)

A. What does a combination of a rotor and a stator make up in an axial compressor?
A compression stage.
B. What is the purpose of flame propagation tubes?
To interconnect the liners and to assist the flame during start up.
C. What is another name for the turbine stators?
Turbine nozzle, nozzle diaphragm, or the turbine nozzle guide vane assembly.
D. What holds the turbine blades in place?
Rivets, lock tabs, lock wires, and roll pins.
E. What two blade tip designs may be used?
Open at the tip or fitted with interlocking shrouds.
Student #25 (five questions)
A. On a dual spool turbofan engine, the fan is considered to be what?
First stage of the compressor.
B. What two designs may be found on the compressor blade tip?
Flat-machined tip and profile or squealer tip.
C. What would happen if the combustor primary airflow were too high?
Flameout.
D. How many ignitor plugs are used in a turbine engine?
Two.
E. How are the turbine blades attached to the disk?
By the fir-tree design.