Lecture – 3.
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Array, Type conversion and Math Class in Java
Today’s Topics
• Array in JAVA
• Type conversion
• Math Class
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Array
• Java provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of
elements of the same type.
• An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as
a collection of variables of the same type.
• Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you
declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ...,
numbers[99] to represent individual variables.
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Declaration of an Array
• datatype [ ] arrayName;
int [ ] arr;
• dataType[ ] arrayName = {value0, value1, ..., valuek};
int [ ] arr = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
• datatype [ ] arrayName = new datatype [arraySize];
int [ ] arr = new int [10];
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Array Example:1 - Two ways
public static void main(String[] args) {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int [] arr = {10,20,30,40,50};
int[] arr = {10,20,30,40,50};
for(int i : arr)
for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
{
{
System.out.println("The value of array : "+i);
System.out.println("The value of array :
"+arr[i]);
} }
} }
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Array Example:2 : take input from user
import java.util.Scanner;
for(int i = 0; i<size; i++)
public class NewClass4 { {
System.out.println("The value of array ["+i+"] : "+arr[i]);
public static void main(String args[]) { }
}
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
}
System.out.println("Enter the size of the array: ");
int size = input.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int [size];
System.out.println("Enter the values of the array: ");
for(int i = 0; i<size; i++)
{
arr[i] = input.nextInt();
} 7
Exercises on Array
1. Declare an array with N size. N will be the input from user. Store N integers in the
Array and print the elements.
2. Find out the even numbers from the array.
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Type conversion
Assigning a value of one type to a variable of another type
Variable1 = (type) variable2;
If we want to convert a float value to integer :
float a = 4.99;
int a1 = (int) a;
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Example
public static void main(String[] args) {
double d = 100.04;
int i = (int)d;//explicit type casting required
System.out.println("Double value "+d);
System.out.println("Integer value "+i);
}
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Math Class
The java.lang.Math class contains methods for performing basic numeric
operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and
trigonometric functions.
import java.lang.Math;
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Commonly Used Methods of the Math class
Basic Math Functions
• Math.abs(x) Trigonometric Math Functions
• Math.ceil(x) • Math.PI
• Math.floor(x) • Math.E
• Math.min(x,y)
• Math.max(x,y)
• Math.round(x)
• Math.random() –
To get a random value between 0 and e.g. 100, multiply the
value
returned by Math.random() with the maximum number (e.g.
100).
Exponential and Logarithmic Math Functions
• Math.pow(x,y)
• Math.sqrt(x)
• Math.exp(x)
• Math.log(x)
• Math.log10(x)
Note: For more information please visit the link.
http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java/math-operators-and-math-class.html
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Example
import java.lang.Math; Math.abs(175)=175
Math.abs(-184)=184
public class MathDemo { Math.abs(-0)=0
public static void main(String[] args) { Math.ceil(125.9)=126.0
Math.max(175, 120)=175
int x = 175; int y = -184; int z = 120;
double x1 = 125.9;
System.out.println("Math.abs(" + x + ")=" + Math.abs(x));
System.out.println("Math.abs(" + y + ")=" + Math.abs(y));
System.out.println("Math.ceil(" + x1 + ")=" +Math.ceil(x));
System.out.println("Math.abs(-0)=" + Math.abs(-0));
System.out.println("Math.max(" + x + "," + z + ")=" + Math.max(x, y));
}
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}
Exercises on Math class
1. Find absolute, floor, ceil , round and square root values of a number.
2. Find the maximum and minimum values from three numbers using MATH Class.
3. Generate 5 random numbers between 100 and 200.
4. Calculate 2^0 to 2^n Using Math Class. ‘n’ will be input from user.
5. Calculate the area of a circle. pow() method and the value of PI should be used from
Math class
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Thank you!
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