Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 595

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2021)

Indonesian Language Pride in Nihongo Mantappu’s

YouTube Channel
A Sociolinguistic Study
Nunung Sitaresmi*, Lilis Siti Sulistyaningsih, Rahmawati
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Technological development has to be used as an opportunity to introduce the Indonesian language as the identity of the
Indonesian nation abroad. YouTube is one of the heterogeneous virtual platforms that involves people all over the
country. This phenomenon encourages Indonesian to continue to compete with foreign languages so that efforts to
introduce and maintain Indonesian should be intensified. This qualitative descriptive study aims to qualitatively describe
the phenomenon of the Indonesian language pride of Jerome Polin Sijabat on the YouTube channel of Nihongo
Mantappu. The data were the utterances of Jerome Polin Sijabat and other supporting YouTubers who use Indonesian
and written comments from netizens obtained from the Nihongo Mantappu YouTube channel. The data sources of this
research were the YouTube channel of Nihongo Mantappu. Data were collected by downloading, screen capturing, note-
taking techniques, and viewing techniques. The results of this study indicated that Jerome Polin Sijabat has a proud
attitude of speaking Indonesian. It is indicated when Jerome Polin Sijabat makes Indonesian as his identity. Jerome
Polin Sijabat uses Indonesian when asking, inviting, informing, promoting to his friends who are originally from Japan
on the YouTube channel of Nihongo Mantappu.

Keywords: Indonesian, language pride, Nihongo Mantappu, sociolinguistics, YouTube.

1. INTRODUCTION regulation is the same as Law Number 24 of 2009. The

Indonesian language has three functions, namely as a
Indonesian language is the identity of the Indonesian. symbol of national pride, a symbol of national identity, a
All Indonesian speakers should be proud of this language. unifying tool for various ethnic groups with different
A proud attitude towards Indonesian language will social backgrounds and language, as well as means of
encourage speakers to continue to develop, introduce, intercultural and interregional communication (Alwi &
and make Indonesian as their identity. The existence of Sugono, 2011).
the Indonesian language is very strong because it has
been guaranteed in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Considering the strong position of the Indonesian
Number 24 of 2009 concerning the flag, language, state language in the law, its existence may be still threatened
symbol, and national anthem. The part that explains by other languages, especially foreign languages.
language is Chapter I Article 1 point 2, “Bahasa Negara Language competitions occur in conventional spaces, but
Kesatuan Republik Indonesia yang selanjutnya disebut Indonesian can still survive strongly in Indonesian
Bahasa Indonesia adalah bahasa resmi nasional yang society. However, when it is used in a virtual space, it
digunakan di seluruh wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik does not guarantee that its existence will remain safe.
Indonesia” (The unitary State language of the Republic Currently, the Indonesian language has to compete
of Indonesia hereinafter referred to as Bahasa Indonesia with foreign languages to keep survive and not be eroded
is the official national language used in all Unitary State by technological developments. At the national level,
territory of the Republic of Indonesia). Laws related to even, there are concerns about the preservation of
the Indonesian language can also be found in Presidential national language and identity (Gardner-Chloros,
Regulation Number 63 of 2019 concerning the use of the McEntee-Atalianis, & Finnis, 2005). Language
Indonesian language which in which the content of this preservation refers to the continued use of language to

Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.

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 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 595

compete with socially and regionally stronger languages the case of minority languages because attitudes play a
(Mesthrie, Swann, Deumert, & Leap, 2009). Therefore, key role in the success of the transmission, revitalization,
technological development should not be seen as a and survival of the speaker (Loureiro-Rodriguez et al.,
frightening enemy for the Indonesian language. But it 2013).
must be utilized as an opportunity to strengthen the
In general, language attitudes talk about the speaker’s
Indonesian language as the identity of the nation.
attitude to accept or reject a language. Language attitudes
One of the virtual spaces that can be used as an arise when one social group relates to another group that
opportunity to strengthen the Indonesian language is has a different language (Ting, 2003). Then, each group
YouTube. It is an opportunity for the Indonesian to develops an idea about the other group’s language.
introduce, maintain, and be proud to speak Indonesian in Language attitudes can essentially shape language
a virtual space to be able to realize the dream to make the behavior which then determines the tendency to maintain
Indonesian language the language of instruction for the and use language in future generations (Shameem, 2004).
United Nations in 2045. Indonesian should be aware and In line with Shameem, language attitudes can change
proud of the national language and realize the language dynamically as a function of the social categorization
politics as explained earlier. It is because language is an process because each speaker has an intrinsic motivation
important symbol of social identity (Bourhis, 1983; to maintain a positive self-concept. Each speaker tries to
Bourhis et al., 1973; Dragojevic & Giles, 2016). build and maintain a positive social identity to increase
self-esteem (Dragojevic & Giles, 2014). Research on
Research related to language pride has been studied
language attitudes required a large data set to be
by Chadijah (2017) entitled “Indonesian Language Pride
examined to see the conversational landscape in which
in Purwakarta”. The study focused on the language
language attitudes are expressed. The researcher then
attitude of Polibisnis Purwakarta students. The results
analyzed the attitude in each example, looked for the
showed that the students think that Indonesian is a rigid
overall pattern, and sorted the attitude expressions into
and official language so that in everyday life, they are
categories according to the arguments that would be
more likely to use foreign languages than using
made by providing examples from each category in the
Indonesian equivalents. The previous study examined the
discussion (Liebscher & Dailey-O’Cain, 2009).
use of Indonesian in conventional spaces, while this
current study examined the use of language in virtual The characteristics of a speaker with a positive
spaces. It can be seen that the pride of speaking attitude towards a language can be seen from the
Indonesian does not only occur in conventional spaces language loyalty, language pride, and awareness of
but also in virtual spaces. language norms (Garvin & Mathiot, 1968). This study
focuses on the pride of using the Indonesian language.
1.1. Sociolinguistic Language pride tends to encourage speech communities
to continue developing their language and make the
Sociolinguistics studies the relationship between language an identity and community unity. Language
language and society (Holmes, 2013; Hudson, 1996) pride is the same as a sense of belonging to the language.
resulted from the phenomenon of ‘why do we speak Speech communities who are proud and have a sense of
differently in different social contexts’. Sociolinguistics ownership of the language will always protect and
is the study of everyday life about how language works preserve their language. This current study focuses on the
in ordinary conversation and the media we encounter, the attitude of language pride.
existence of norms, policies, and laws of society that
discuss language (Wardhaugh & Fuller, 2015). Besides, 2. METHOD
sociolinguistics is defined as the study of language
associated with social conditions (Sumarsono, 2017). This study used a qualitative descriptive method. It
aims to qualitatively describe the phenomenon of Jerome
1.2. Language Attitudes Polin Sijabat’s pride in speaking Indonesian on the
Nihongo Mantappu’s YouTube channel. The data were
Attitude is often used as a general concept for “belief” speeches of Jerome Polin Sijabat and other supporting
or “knowledge” and “evaluation” (Adegbija, 2000). YouTubers who proudly use the Indonesian language in
Attitudes do not only come from the internal aspects of the Nihongo Mantappu’s YouTube channel. The data
the individual but also involve things brought by the source was Nihongo Mantappu’s YouTube channel. Data
closest group. Attitudes develop through experience and were collected by downloading, screenshots, note-taking,
can influence a person’s linguistic behavior (Agheyisi & and listening techniques. The note-taking technique
Fishman, 1970). These linguistic attitudes identify the covered 1) watching the video, 2) downloading the video,
status and membership of speakers in a speech group and 3) transcribing the speech of Jerome Polin Sijabat and
mark them in the relationship between speech other supporting YouTubers who proudly use the
communities (Achugar & Pessoa, 2009). Therefore, Indonesian language, and 4) recording the video title,
research on language attitudes is important, especially in publish date, number of viewers, and conversation.

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Then, the listening technique covered 1) watching language program)” which was published on Friday, June
videos and 2) listening to the speeches of Jerome Polin 5, 2020, and watched 3,117,226 times.
Sijabat and other supporting YouTubers who proudly use
Excerpt 2
the Indonesian language.
Honomi : Nama saya Honomi Terao. Saya orang
3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Jepang asli. Saya pernah tinggal di
Indonesia selama 1 tahun. (My name is
Honomi Terao. I am originally from Japan.
3.1. Findings
I’ve ever been to Indonesia for 1 year)
Data on Indonesian language pride found on Nihongo Jerome : Oh iya pernah tinggal di Indonesia? Di
Mantappu’s YouTube channel is classified based on mana? (Oh, ever been to Indonesia?
language use including 1) asking; 2) joking; 3) Where?)
responding; 4) explaining/informing; 5) inviting; 6) Honomi : Di Cibubur. (In Cibubur)
commanding; 7) promoting; and 8) quiz. The classified Jerome : Cibubur tuh deketnya cinasi, ciberas.
data were then described. Tau? (Cibubur is close to Cinasi, Ciberas.
Know it?)
3.1.1 Asking Honomi : So so.
Jerome : Tau? (Know it?)
The language pride showed by Jerome in a video Honomi : Gak tahu. (Don’t know)
entitled “CUMA PAKAI BAHASA INDONESIA Jerome : Jokes.
SEHARIAN KE ORANG JEPANG! (Only using
Based on Excerpt 2, it can be seen that Jerome used
Indonesian language to Japanese people all day!)–
the Indonesian language when he joked with Honomi.
Waseda Boys Trip #26” published on Monday,
Although Honomi did not fully understand his jokes,
November 9, 2020, and watched 2,200,750 times.
Jerome still used the Indonesian language. In the video,
Excerpt 1 Honomi was asked to introduce herself. When Honomi
Jerome : Sekarang, kita akan ke mana? (Now, where told him that she had lived in Indonesia, in Cibubur for 1
are we going?) year, Jerome immediately joked with Honomi. In
Tomo : Sekarang, kita mana? Makan ramen. Indonesia, rice that has been harvested is
(Now, where? Eat ramen.) called beras. The rice that has been cooked are
Jerome : Makan ramen. Oke. (Eat ramen. Okay.) called nasi, but if it is cooked with large amounts of water
Otsuka : Makan Miso. (Eat Miso.) until the texture is much softer and watery, it is called
Jerome : Makan ramen apa kita hari ini? (What kind bubur ‘porridge’. However, Honomi did not understand
of ramen are we eating today?) the joke.
Yasuke and Otsuka: Makan. (Eat.)
Jerome : Makan ramen apa kita hari ini? (What kind 3.1.3 Responding
of ramen are we eating today?)
Jerome’s language pride in speaking the Indonesian
Yasuke : Sekali (dalam Bahasa Jepang). (Once [in
language can also be seen in a video entitled “PERTAMA
Japanese]).
KALI PUASA DALAM HIDUP WASEDABOYS! -
Jerome : Makan ramen apa? (What kind of ramen?)
DAY 2! (First time fasting for wasedaboys! - day 2)”
Yasuke : Miso ramen.
which was published on April 21, 2021 and watched
Jerome : Oh iya bener. Namanya apa? (Oh, that’s
3,659,251 times.
right. What is the name?)
Otsuka : Sora. Excerpt 3
Based on Excerpt 1, Jerome deliberately asked Tomo, Otsuka : Aku ingin mengetes kosakata bahasa
Yasuke, and Otsuka to use Indonesian. Jerome asked Indonesia yang tidak Jerome ketahui.
about the place to go and the kind of ramen to eat. Jerome saboru? (I want to test the Indonesian
kept asking about the ramen in Indonesian when Yasuke vocabulary that Jerome does not know.
did not understand the meaning of his question. Saboru? [in Japanese])
Jerome : Bolos. (Absence.)
3.1.2 Joking Yasuke : Kazoeru?
Jerome : Menghitung, hitung. (Counting, count.)
Jerome’s language pride in speaking the Indonesian Tomo : Ya iyalah dia tahu. (Of course, he knows it.
language can be seen a video entitled “CINTA [in Japanese])
KEBUDAYAAN INDONESIA, ORANG JEPANG INI Otsuka : Sengen suru?
KULIAH JURUSAN BAHASA INDONESIA (Love Jerome : Menyampaikan. (Informing.)
Indonesian culture, this Japanese man takes Indonesian

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Otsuka : Wah keren banget! Kalau aku sih udah Based on Excerpt 5, Jerome used the Indonesian
nyerah pasti. (Wow cool! If it was me, I had language to inform the video content that would be made
given up for sure. [in Japanese]) with Erika, namely, “Indonesian language Battle”. The
content is a joint project with the Ministry of Education
Based on Excerpt 3, Otsuka wanted to know Jerome’s
and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia.
Indonesian vocabulary ability by asking some
vocabulary, such as saboru, kazoeru, and sengen suru. 3.1.5 Inviting
Then, Jerome answered all of Otsuka and Yasuke’s
questions correctly. Still, in the same video, Yasuke Jerome feels proud of using the Indonesian language,
asked Jerome about the menu that would be cooked for even he invites his YouTube followers to use the
the iftar. Jerome answered Yasuke’s question using Indonesian language too and remains proud of
Indonesian. Check Excerpt 4. Indonesian culture. Jerome’s language pride also can be
seen in a video entitled, “JEROME VS ERIKA TES
Excerpt 4 PENGETAHUAN BAHASA INDONESIA! SERU
Yasuke : Kita masak apa? (What are we cooking?) BANGET! (Jerome vs. Erika Indonesian knowledge test!
Jerome : Es buah. Oke, berikutnya adalah es. (Cold So exciting!)” was published on November 16, 2020 and
fruit soup. Okay, next is ice.) watched 1,559,917 times.
Excerpt 6
3.1.4 Explaining/informing
Jerome : Pokonya inget! Di manapun kita, kita harus
Jerome used Indonesian in asking, joking, and menjunjung tinggi bahasa persatuan, bahasa
responding to questions, as well as in explaining or Indonesia! Jangan sampe lupa dengan
informing. For example, a video entitled “JEROME VS bangsa dan budaya sendiri. (Anyway,
ERIKA TES PENGETAHUAN BAHASA remember! Wherever we are, we must
INDONESIA! SERU BANGET! (Jerome vs. Erika test uphold the language of unity, Indonesian!
Indonesian knowledge! So exciting!))” published on Don’t forget your own nation and culture.)
November 16, 2020, and viewed 1,559,917 times,
Based on Excerpt 6, Jerome firmly invites his
contained Jerome’s explanation about the video content
YouTube followers to uphold the Indonesian language
that will be created. Check Excerpt 5.
everywhere and not to forget the nation and culture.
Excerpt 5 Apart from this video, Jerome also uses Indonesian when
Jerome : Oke guys! Jadi, ini merupakan video yang he invites his friends to cook. Pay attention to the
spesial banget, khususnya buat aku juga transcript of a video entitled “BIKIN MAKANAN
karena ini merupakan project yang sama KHAS LEBARAN (OPOR, RENDANG) BARENG
dengan Badan Bahasa Kemdikbud. Jadi kan WASEDABOYS! (Cooking special food for Eid (opor,
mimpi aku kan jadi Menteri Pendidikan. Jadi, rendang) with wasedaboys)!” published on April 27,
video ini bertemakan “Battle Bahasa 2021 and watched 1,775,962 times.
Indonesia”. Ini pertama kali bahasa Excerpt 7
Indonesia. Meskipun aku dan Erika jauh dari
Jerome : Kalo gitu. (If so.)
Indonesia juga, tapi kita tetep harus
Tomo : Kalo gitu. (If so.)
mengingat dan melestarikan budaya dan
Jerome : Ayo kita masak! (Let’s cook!)
bangsa kita. (Okay guys! So, this is a very
Yasuke, Otsuka, Tomo: Ayo kita masak! (Let’s cook!)
special video, especially for me because it is
Yasuke : Watashi tachi wa, ima kara ryouri wo
the same project as the Ministry of Education
tsukurimasu!
and Culture’s Language Agency. So, it’s my
Jerome : Ayo kita masak! (Let’s cook!)
dream to be the Minister of Education. The
Yasuke, Otsuka, Tomo: Masak! (Cooking!)
theme of this video is “Indonesian language
Battle”. This is the first time. Even though Based on Excerpt 7, Jerome used the Indonesian
Erika and I are far from Indonesia too, we still language when inviting Tomo, Yasuke, and Otsuka to
have to remember and preserve our culture and cook. Yasuke even translated the invitation to cook into
nation.) Japanese. Jerome also invites Yasuke to keep his spirits
up for the 2nd day of fasting in a video entitled
Erika : Iya bener banget! Gak boleh karena di
“PERTAMA KALI PUASA DALAM HIDUP
Jepang kita lupa pake bahasa Indonesia. Kita
WASEDABOYS! - DAY 2 (first time fasting for
harus tetap inget sama Indonesia. (That’s
wasedaboys! - day 2)” published on April 21, 2021 and
right! We cannot forget to use the Indonesian
watched 3,659,251 times. Check Excerpt 8.
language just because we are in Japan. We
must remember Indonesia.)

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Excerpt 8 Based on Excerpt 10, Jerome promoted Sasa with his

Jerome : Yo semangat yuk! (Let’s cheer up!) Japanese friends using Indonesian. Indirectly, Jerome
Yasuke : Semangat yuk! (Let’s cheer up!) introduced Indonesian to his friends by promoting a
product. Besides, in a video entitled “NGERAYAIN
3.1.6 Commanding AKHIR TAHUN DENGAN MASAK & MUKBANG
MAKANAN INDONESIA! (Celebrating the end of the
A video entitled “BIKIN MAKANAN KHAS year with Indonesian food cooking & mukbang!)”
LEBARAN (OPOR, RENDANG) BARENG published on December 29, 2020 and watched 1,922,412
WASEDABOYS! (Cooking special food for Eid (opor, times, Jerome promoted a drink, called Teh Pucuk Harum
rendang) with wasedaboys!)” published on April 27, along with Honomi and Stefy. Honomi is from Japan,
2021, and watched 1,775,962 times, showed how Jerome while Stefy is from Indonesia.
commands his friends to use Indonesian. Excerpt 11
Excerpt 9 Jerome : Oke guys! Makanannya udah jadi, tapi
Jerome : Bisa ga, Bro? (Can you do it, Bro? nih kalo misalnya di Indonesia abis makan
[asking Tomo who is cutting meat]) tuh biasanya minum es teh manis ga sih?
Yasuke : Anda bisa? (Can you?) (Okay guys! The food is ready, but in
Jerome : Ayo, Bro! Potong, Bro! (Come on, Bro! Indonesia, after eating, we usually drink
Cut, Bro!) sweet iced tea?)
Jerome : Cepat. (Come on.) Honomi : Emang ada? (Do you have it?)
Otsuka : Cepat. (Come on.)
Jerome : Cepat, Tomo! (Come on, Tomo! (Tomo Jerome : Kalian tau Teh Pucuk ga? (Do you know
is slicing meat)) Teh Pucuk?)
Otsuka: Cepat, Tomo! (Come on, Tomo!) Honomi dan Stefy: Tau! Wah makasih! (Of course!
Based on Excerpt 9, Jerome commands Tomo to cut Wow, thanks!)
the meat. Still, in the same video, Jerome also commands Based on Excerpt 11, Jerome promoted Teh Pucuk
Tomo to cut the meat faster and it is followed by Otsuka. Harum by reminding Honomi and Stefy of the
Indonesian habit of always drinking iced tea after eating.
3.1.7 Promoting Jerome promoted it using Indonesian.

Jerome’s language pride can also be seen when he 3.1.8 Quiz

used Indonesian to promote products and online shopping
applications. For example, Jerome also promoted Sasa Jerome’s language pride can be seen in his YouTube
products using the Indonesian language with Tomo, content that uses the Indonesian language. Jerome
Yasuke, and Otsuka in a video entitled “BIKIN introduces Indonesian more to his foreign friends through
MAKANAN KHAS LEBARAN (OPOR, RENDANG) quizzes. Jerome created content about Yasuke, Lisa, and
BARENG WASEDABOYS! (Cooking special food for Bun Hyun Jin’s skills in writing Indonesian vocabulary.
Eid (opor, rendang) with wasedaboys!” published on In this content, Jerome mentioned Indonesian
April 27, 2021, and watched 1,775,962 times. Check vocabulary, and then Yasuke, Lisa, and Bun Hyun Jin
Excerpt 10. were asked to write what he said on the board.
Excerpt 10 They come from different countries. Yasuke is from
Jerome : Sasa juga lagi ada promo di Alfamart Japan; Lisa is from China, and Bun Hyun Jin is from
khusus untuk nasi goreng sambel matah South Korea. The transcript of a video entitles
mulai dari tanggal 16-30 April 2021. Jadi “APAKAH ORANG JEPANG, KOREA, CHINA BISA
jangan sampai ketingggalan ya guys! (Sasa MENULIS BAHASA INDONESIA?! (Can Japanese,
has a promotion at Alfamart, especially for Korean, Chinese people write Indonesian language?!)”
fried rice sambal matah from 16 to 30 April published on May 9, 2020 and watched 2,727,819 times.
2021. Don’t miss it guys!)
Jerome : Sasa? Excerpt 12
Yasuke, Otsuka, Tomo: Praktis melezatkan! Jerome : Monyet. (Monkey)
(Practically delicious!) [Yasuke wrote monu]
Jerome, Yasuke, Otsuka, dan Tomo: Karena hidup [Lisa wrote mornia]
bisa dibikin enak! (As life can be made [Bun Hyun Jin wrote monyak]
good!) Yasuke : Susah ya. (It’s difficult)
Tomo : Enak jiwa! (Very delicious!) Based on Excerpt 12, Jerome mentioned the word
‘monkey’. However, no one could write the word

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correctly. Even Yasuke said that it was difficult to the his words, they enjoy communicating using Indonesian.
words. Still, in the same video, Jerome introduced Jerome’s efforts to introduce Indonesian made his friends
Indonesian through a quiz. Check Excerpt 13. interested in learning Indonesian. Even Otsuka, Yasuke,
and Tomo who attend the mathematics study program
Excerpt 13
took part in taking Indonesian courses at Waseda
Jerome : Selamat pagi. (Good morning.) University, Japan.
Yasuke : Selamat pagi. (Good morning.)
Jerome : Se-la-mat pa-gi. (Go-od mor-ning.) It is not only Jerome who is proud of the Indonesian
[Yasuke wrote selamat pagi] language, but also Indonesian people, such as students of
[Lisa wrote baghi] the English study program (2017), students at 38 Cirebon
[Bun Hyun Jin wrote selamat pagi] universities (2017), students of SMA Negeri 1 Metro
Jerome : Gimana sejauh ini? (dalam bahasa (2017), and 118 randomly selected respondents (2016).
Jepang). (What do you think this far? [in They are also aware of the importance of the Indonesian
Japanese]) language. However, this proud attitude occurs in
Yasuke : Susah banget. (Very difficult.) conventional spaces. Besides, Fitri, Haerudin, and
Solehudin (2020) showed that the attitude of language
Based on Excerpt 13, Jerome said selamat pagi ‘good pride in the virtual space also occurs towards Sundanese.
morning’, even he spelled it per syllable to make it easier This shows that technology can also be used to introduce
for Yasuke, Lisa, and Bun Hyun Jin to write. Compared regional languages.
to the word monyet ‘monkey’, the word selamat pagi
‘good morning’ was easier for them to write. It can be 4. CONCLUSION
seen from Yasuke who is almost able to write selamat
pagi ‘good morning’. Based on the findings and analysis, it can be
concluded that Jerome Polin Sijabat has a positive
3.2. Discussion attitude towards the Indonesian language. He is one of the
Indonesian speakers who are proud of the Indonesian
Based on the findings above, the use of Indonesian language. Therefore, he is motivated to introduce and
language in Nihonggo Mantappu’s YouTube channel can develop Indonesian in virtual spaces. This attitude then
be classified into eight, namely 1) asking, 2) joking, 3) becomes a strategic step to strengthen the Indonesian
responding, 4) explaining/informing, 5) inviting, 6) language in virtual spaces. The phenomenon of pride in
commanding, 7) promotion and 8) quiz. Jerome speaking Indonesian in a virtual space can only be
introduced the Indonesian language through daily obtained from the Fiction YouTube channel. Thus,
conversation. It can be seen that Jerome is proud of the language phenomena and data related to Indonesian pride
Indonesian language as evidenced by introducing the in the virtual space can develop and even become more
language to his Japanese friends. Jerome is a minority complex. Therefore, future studies are suggested to
Indonesian speaker in Japan. However, he still uses examine the attitude of pride in speaking Indonesian in
Indonesian as his identity as a native speaker of other virtual spaces, such as Instagram, Twitter, and other
Indonesian when he is in Japan. He does not only make social media.
the Indonesian language his identity but also often invites
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