A PROJECT REPORT

ON
A Comparative Survey On Mahindra & Tata Motors

Submitted To Himachal Pardesh University , Shimla

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(Session 2021-2024)

Department Of Management Studies Govt. Post Graduate College

Bilaspur (H.P)
UNDER SUPERVISION OF:- SUBMITTED BY:-
Dr. R.K. CHANDEL RHYTHM SHARMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR UNIV. ROLL NO. 5210180032
B.B.A Department B.B.A. 6TH Semester
 PREFACE

It is significant segment of Indian economy and objectives underlying its Development are
increase in the supply of manufactured goods, the promotion of capital formation, the
development of indigenous entrepreneurial talents and skills and the creation of
employment opportunities .
Students with initiative, creativity, and Indian orientation have wounderful
opportunities of becoming successful entrepreneurs of small scale business unit which have
attained a lot of protection and encouragement from govt.
The subject “Mahindra & Tata Motors” adds further to the research guidelines
through the course of Bachelor of Business Administration [B.B.A.].
Student enrolled in the course gain momentum to start their own business concern
after graduation and they recognize the destination and difficulties by preparing this project
report.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, I Would like to thanks to lect. Dr. RAKESH CHANDEL FOR his able guidance,
professional dexterity, constant encouragement and painstaking efforts to put this work into
present shape. He has been a valuable mentor and guide, who constantly inspired me to shape
my work. Their academic and personal help was precious throughout this difficult task.

Next I would like to take this opportunity to thanks the people who generously spent time to
enable me to complete successfully my dissertation with the best possible result.

I would like to thanks my friends who help me to complete my project. Finally, I am thankful
to my family who has support me amazingly all these year, both financially and
psychologically. There love and support kept me going in difficult times.
 CERTIFICATE

This is to be Certify that the project entitled “A COMPARATIVE SURVEY ON

MAHINDRA & TATA MOTORS” is bonafied record work done by RHYTHM SHARMA,
submitted to HP University Shimla in partial filfillment of the requirement for thr award of
the degree of BACHOLAR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION and that he project work
represent independent and original work on the part of candidate under my guidance.

(Sign. Of candidate) (Name & Sign. Of Guide)

(Co-odinator) (BBA)

Date :-

Place :-
 DECLARATION

I her by dealer that the project work titled “ To COMPARATIVE SURVEY

ON MAHINDRA & TATA MOTORS” is the original work done by me &
submitted to the H.P.U. summer hill Shimla for the award of bachelor of
Business Administration is a Record of original work done under supervision of
DR. RAKESH CHANDEL.

 RHYTHM SHARMA

 ROLL NO. 5210180032

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.NO PARTICULARS PAGE
NO.
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY
1.1 Mahindra & Mahindra
1.2 Tata Motors
1.3 History
1.4 Key Subsidiaries
1.5 A comparative analysis
CHAPTER-2 TYPES OF CARS
2.1 Tata Motors
2.2 Mahindra & Mahindra
CHAPTER - REASEARCH DESIGN
3
3.1 Need of Study
3.2 Scope of Study
3.3 Objectives of Study
3.4 Research Design
3.5 Limitation of Study
CHAPTER-4 ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
CHAPTER-5 SUGGESTIONS & CONCLUSION
BIBLOGRAPHY
QUESTIONAIRE
 CHAPTER – 1

COMPANY INTRODUCTION
 1.1 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited (M&M) is an Indian Multinational automotive
manufacturing corporation headquatered in Mumbai. It was established in 1945 as Mahindra
& Mohammed and later renamed Mahindra & Mahindra. Part of the Mahindra Group, M&M
is one of the largest vehicle manufacturers by production in India. Its unit, Mahindra Tractors,
is the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world by volume. It was ranked 17 th on a list of
top companies in india by fortune india 500 in 2018. Its major competitors in the india
market include Tata Motors.

Anand Mahindra (Chairman)

Company type Public
Traded as BSE:500520
NSE: M&M
BSE SENSEX
Constituent
NSE NIFTY 50
Constituent
ISIN INE101A011026
Industry Automotive
Founded 2 October 1945
Founders J.C. Mahindra
K.C. Mahindra
Malik Ghulam
Muhammad
Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Area Served Worldwide
Key People Anand Mahindra (Chairman)
Dr.Anish Shah (MD & CEO)
Rajesh Jejurikar (executive Director
AFS)
Products Automobiles
 Commercial Vehicles
Tractors
Motorcycles
Production Output 14,076,043 vehicles (2022)
Revenue 122,475 crore (US$15 billion) (FY2023)
Operating Income 12,554 crore (US$1.6 billion) (FY2023)
Net Income 11,187 crore (US$1.4 billion) (FY2023)
Total assets205,891crore (US$26 billion) (FY2023)
Total equity67,082 crore (US$8.4 billion) (FY2023)
Number of 140,619 (2022)
employees
Parent Mahindra Group
Subsidiaries Mahindra Last Mile
Mobility
Mahindta Tractors
Mahindra 2 Wheelers
Mahindra Truck & Bus Division
BSA Company
Yezdi
Classic Legends
Motorcycles
Jawa auto
Automobili
Pininfarina
Website Auto.mahindra.com
 1.2 TATA MOTORS
Tata Motors Limited is an Indian Multinational automotive company, headquatered in
Mumbai and Part of the Tata Group. The company produces cars, trucks, vans & busses.
Subsidiaries include British Jaguar Land Rover & south Korean Tata Darwoo.. Tata Motors
has Joint ventures with Hitachi (Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery) and Stellantis,
Which Makes vehicles parts for Fiat Chrysler and Tata Branded vehicles. On 12 October
2021, Private equity firm TPG invested $1 billion in Tata Motors electric vehicle subsidiary.
Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and vehicle plants in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar,
Lakhnow, Sanand, Dharwad, and Pune in india, as well as in Argetina, South Afrca, the
United Kingdom, and Thailand. It has research and development centres in pune,
Jamshedpur, Lukhnow, Dharwad, India and South Kora, the United Kingdom, and Spain.
Tata Motors is listed on the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) where it is a constituent of the
BSE SENSEX index, the National Stock Exchange of India, and the New York Stock
Exchange. The company is ranked 265th on tge Fortune Global 500 list of the world,s biggest
corporation as of 2019.
On 17 January 2017, Natarajan Chandreasekaran was appointed chairman of the
company Tata Group. Tata Motors increased its UV market share to over 8% in FY2019.

Mr. Natarajan Chandrasekaran (Chairman)

Formerly Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company Ltd.
(TELCO)
Company type Public
Traded as BSE: 500570
NSE: TATAMOTORS
NSE NIFTY 50
Constituent
ISIN IN9155A01020
Industry Automotive
Founded 1945
Founder Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata
Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Area served Worldwide
 Key People Natarajan Chamdrasekaran (Chairman)
Guenter Butschek
Martin Uhkarik (CDO)
Products Automobiles
Luxury vehicles
Commercial vehicles
Automotive parts
Pickup trucks
SUVs
Production 1.1 Million (approx.) (2021)
Output
Services Automotive finance
Vehicle leasing
Vehicle service
Revenue 350,600.15 crore (US$44 bilion) (2023)
Operating income 7,059.30 crore (US$880 million) (2023)
Net income 2,414.30 crore (US$300 million) (2023)
Total assets 336,081.38 crore (US$42 billion) (2023)
Total equity 45,321.80 crore (US$7 billion) (2023)
No. of Employees -81,811+(2023)
Parent Tata Group
Subsidiaries Tata Motors Cars
Jaguar Land Rover
Tata Daewoo
Tata Marcopolo
Tata Technologies
Tata Hispano
Tata Hitachi
Construction Machinery
Rating S&P BB/Stable
Website www.tatamotors.com
1.3 HISTORY OF MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA
Mahindra & Mahindra was founded as a steel trading company on October 2, 1945, in
Ludhiana as Mahindra & Mohammed by brothers Kailash Chandra Mahindra and Jagdish
Chandra Mahindra, along with Malik Ghulam Muhammad. Anand Mahindra, the present
Chairman of Mahindra Group, is the Grandson of Jagdish Chandra Mahindra. In 1948,
Gulam Mohammad decided to move to the newly formed Pakistan. The Mahindras were left
with stationary and company stamps that said M&M. They didn’t have financial resources to
change the name. Since there were two Mahindra brothers in the business they decided to
change the company name to Mahindra & Mahindra.

Beginnings with Jeep

They eventually saw a business opportunity in expanding into manufacturing and selling
larger MUVs and started assembling under the license of Willy Jeep in India. Soon M&M
was established as the jeep manufacturer in india and later commenced manufacturing light
commercial vehicles (LCVs) and agricultural tractors. Jeep was bought by American Motors
Corporation in 1970: Jeeps continued to be built by Mahindra under licence from AMC and,
in turn, under Chrysler after Chrysler bought AMC in 1987.

Acquisitions
In 1999 Mahindra purchased 100% of Gujrat Tractors from the Government of Gujrat, and in
2017, Mahindra renamed it Gromax Agri Equipment Limited as part of its new brand
strategy, and the models continue to be sold as Trakstar. In 2007, M&M acquired Punjab
Tractor Limited (PTL), making it the Worlds largest Tractor manufacturer. Subsequent to this
takeover, the former PTL was merged into M&M and transformed into the Swaraj division of
Mahindra & Mahindra in 2009. Over the past few years, the company has taken an intrest in
new industries and foreign markets. In 2008, they entered the two-wheeler industry by taking
over Kinetic Motors in india. In 2010, M&M took a 55% stake in Reva Electric Car
Company and in 2016, they renamed it Mahindra Electric Mobility Ltd after taking 100%
ownership. In 2011 Mahindra acquired a majority stake of South Korea’s Ssangyong Motor,
turning it into a subsidiary. In December 2020, after Mahindra stopped funding it, Ssangyong
entered into receivership, de facto no longer being a Mahindra subsidiary from that point and
de jure after November 2022, when a KG Group-led consortium completed the acquisition
procedures for a controlling stake, mving Ssangyong out of receivership.
In October 2014, amhindra acquired a 51% controlling stake in Peugeot Motorcycles
and a 100% controlling stake in October 2019. In May 2015, Mahindra acquired a 33.33%
stake in Japnese tractor manufacturer Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery (MAM), a
subsidiary of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. In 2015, Mahindra and its affiliate Tech Mahindra,
through a special purpose vehicle (SPV),agreed to buy a 76.06% stake in Italian car designer
Pininfarina, for 168 million.
 In 2016, Mahindra and Mahindra acquired 35% of Finland-based Sampo Rosenlew,
entering the combine harvester business, subsequently increasing its stake in the company to
49.04% in December 2019.
In January 2017, Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd acquired a 75.1 equity stake in Hisarlar
Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonym Sirketi (Hisarlar), a farm equipment company, marking its
entry into Turkey and in September 2017 acquired another Turkish tractor and foundry
business Erkunt Tractor Sanayii AS for 800 Crore.
In January 2018, Mahindra signed a share subscription agreement to acquire up to
10% share capital of Canada’s IT firms Resson Aerospace Corporation. Resson has
Developed a system that captures and interprets images to give farmers information about the
state of their fields and crops. In February 2018, Mahindra acquired a minority stake of
22.9% in Carnot Technologies. Carnot Technologies owns and operates smart car firm
Carsence.
In June 2019, Mahindra purchased an 11.25% stake in Switzerland-based agro
technology firm Gamaya. The acquisition enabled Mahindra to further develop and deploy
next-generation farming capabilities such as precision agriculture and digital farming
technologies.
In 2023, Mahindra & Mahindra acquired a 60.01% stake in Emergent Solren Private
Limited, a solar power generator subsidiary of Mahindra Holdings Limited, for 288.05 crore.

Licensed Production and Joint Ventures

In November 2017, Mahindra signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) agreement
with Belgium-based Dewulf, a supplier of a full line of potato and root crop machinery.
Under the potato planting equipment in india, for which the co-branded planter is developed.
In April 2020, Mahindra and Renault ended its joint venture which operated from
2005 onwards, with Mahindra buying out Renault’s stake. Renault continues to license and
supply key components such as its engines and transmission to Mahindra & Mahindra.
Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) and Ford Motor Company (Ford) first formed a
joint venture to manufacture Ford cars in India. The JV manufactured its cars including the
Ford Escort, at Nashik factory of Mahindra. In 2003, Ford increased its stake in the company
to 72% and renamed its Ford India. In October 2019, Mahindra entered into a joint venture
with Ford by establishing Ford India in which Mahindra & Mahindra acquired a controlling
51% stake. In January 2021, Mahindra ended its collaboration with Ford owing to global
economic and business conditions caused by the pandemic.,
HISTORY OF TATA MOTORS
Tata Motors Ltd (NYSE:TTM)(NSE:TATAMOTORS,TATAMTRDVR) is a part of the
USD113 billion Tata group founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868, Tata Motors is among the
world’s leading manufacturers of automobiles. The company believe in’Connecting
aspirations’ by offering innovation mobility solutions that are in line with customers’
aspirations.Tata Motors is India’s largest automobiles manufacturer, and the company
continue to take the lead in shaping the Indian commercial vehicle landscape, with the
introduction of leading-edge powertrains and electric solutions packaged for power
performances and user comfort at the lowest life-cycle costs. The company’s new passenger
cars and offer a superior blend of performances, driveability and connectivity.
Tata Motors’ subsidiary, Jaguar Landrover is Britain’s largest automotive manufacturer which
designs, manufactures and sells some of the world’s best-known premium cars. The two
iconic brands of JLR include jaguar, with a range of luxury sedans, sports cars and luxury
performance SUVs, and Land Rover, encompassing a portfolio of premium all-terrain
vehicles.
Tata motors has a global footprint with operations in the UK, south Korea, South Africa and
Indonesia through a strong global network of 97 subsidiary and 9 associate companies,
including jaguar Land rover in the UK and Tata Daewoo in South Korea.

TATA MOTORS Founded in 1945, Tata Motors released its first commercial vehicle in 1954
and now has six Factories across India. Tata Motors is India’s largest Automobile company,
the World’s third-largest bus maker and fourth-largest truck maker. In September 2004 Tata
Motors became India’s first company in the engineering sector to be listed on the New York
Stock Exchange. In 2005 Tata Motors formed a strategic partnership with the Italian
automaker Fiat, took over the two iconic British brands Jaguar and Land Rover from US-
based Ford Motors in 2008; established the Tata Daewoo commercial Vehicle by acquiring
Korea’s second largest truck Maker Daewoo commercial Vehicle in 2004; took over the
reputed Spanish bus and coaches to manufacture fully-Build buses and coaches for India and
selected international markets The Hispano Carrocera; established a joint venture with brazil-
based Marcopolo, a global leader in body-building for buses and coaches. He build Buses for
india and selected international markets in 2006; and in the same year formed another joint
venture with the Thonburi automotive Assembly Plant Company of Thailand the manufacture
and Market the Company’s pickup trucks in Thailand. Tata Motors began exporting its cars in
1961 and has made inroads into Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South East Asia, South Asia
and South America. The company is operating joint-venture as-sembling plants in Kenya,
Bangladesh, Ukraine, Russia, Senegal and South Africa.
In January 2008, Tata Motors unveiled its peoples,s car, the Tata Nano, Which is halled as the
most inexpensive and innovative car in the world, and began mass producing it in India
March 2009, as promised, to the Indian people.
1.4 Key Subsidiaries
Jaguar Land Rover Automotive Plc
Jaguar Land Rover brings together two prestigious British car brands. Tata Motors acquired
the brands from Ford in 2008, merging them into a single company in 2013. One of the
world’s leading premium car brands, Jaguar Land Rover presents the future of sustainable
mobility.

Tata Motors European Technical PLC (TMETC)

Based in Coventry UK, Tata Motors European Technical Centre PLC (TMETC) European
Technical Centre PLC (TMETC) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Motors. As a centre of
excellence for automotive design and engineering, TMETC is an active partner in a number
of collaborative projects in low carbon technology, and electric and hybrid vehicle
technology for future passenger and light commercial vehicles.

Tata Motors Insurance Broking and Advisory Services Limited (TMIBASL)

A Wholly-owned subsidiary of Tata Motors, TMIBASL provides end-to-end insurance
solutions in the retail sector with a focus on the automobile sector. TMIBASL offers services
to various OEMs in the passenger vehicle, commercial and construction equipment markets,
including to it.

TML Holdings Limited

TMF Holdings Limited (TMFHL) – a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is the
vehicle financing arm under the brand ‘’TMF Holdings Limited”

TML Distribution Company Limited (TDCL)

TML Distribution Company Limited, or TDCL, its wholly-owned subsidiary, was
incorporated on March 28,2008. TDCL provides distribution and logistics support for
distribution of its products throughout India.

TRILIX Srl
Trilix Srl, founded in 2006, is a mid-sized commercial art and graphic design company,
located in Nichelino, Italy.
Tata Marcopolo Motors Limited (TMML)
Tata Marcopolo Motors Limited (TMML) is a 51:49 Joint venture company of Tata Motors
Ltd. (TML) India and Marcopolo S.A. Brazil for manufacturing of buses in India.

Tata Daewoo commercial Vehicle Company Limited

Since its inception in 2004, Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle has established a Solid
foothold in the industry as one of the nation’s most reputed truck makers. Today it exports its
products to more than 60 countries. Tata Daewoo has worked with Tata Motors, its parent
company to develop a medium and long-term plan to grow into a global market leader.
 1.5 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MAHINDRA & TATA MOTORS
Sales Performance: SUV Dominance vs Segment Diversity
In November 2023, M&M reported robust growth in its utility vehicles segment, achieving a
32% increase in domestic sales. With a total of 39,981 SUVs sold, the company’s growth
trajectory remains impressive. Veejay Nakra, President, Automotive Division, attributed this
success to the strong demand for their SUV portfolio.
On the other hand, Tata Motors faced a marginal decline of 1% in its total domestic sales for
November 2023. The total passenger vehicle (PV) sales, including electric vehicles (EVs),
remained stable, showcasing the resilience of Tata Motors in a challenging market.
While M&M shines in the SUV domain, Tata Motors maintains a balanced approach,
offering a wide range of commercial and passenger vehicles. The Commercial Vehicle (CV)
segment, contributing 28,029 units, witnessed a 4% YoY decline. Tata Motors strategically
focuses on diverse segments, including heavy commercial vehicles (HCV) trucks,
intermediate and light commercial vehicles (ILMCV), and passenger carriers. These visual
aids offer a comprehensive understanding of both companies market shares in both
Commercial Vehicles (IMG 1) and Passenger Vehicles (IMG 2) segments.

AUTOMOBILES SOLD MONTHLY – DOMESTIC (No.)

 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A TALE IF GROWTH & RESILIENCE
In the second quarter of the fiscal year 2023 (Q2FY23), both Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M)
and Tata Motors (Tata M) experienced noteworthy financial performance. However, in
Q2FY24, the companies demonstrated distinct trends in their results.

Starting with M&M, the company’s revenue witnessed a substantial growth from Rs 29,870
crore in Q2FY23 to Rs 34,436 crore in Q2FY24, indicating an impressive increase. However,
the Profit After Tax (PAT) for the same period saw a decline from Rs 3,021 crore to Rs 2,348
crore. This dip in PAT might raise questions about the company’s operational efficiency and
cost management.

On the other hand, Tata Motors exhibited a remarkable surge in both revenue and
profitability. The revenue surged from Rs 79,611 crore in Q2FY23 to a substantial Rs
1,05,128 crore in Q2FY24, showcasing a robust growth trajectory.

The Profit After Tax also experienced a positive shift, transitioning from a negative Rs 898
crore in Q2FY23 to a noteworthy Rs 3,832 crore in Q2FY24. This significant turnaround in
profitability suggests effective strategic initiatives and operational improvements within Tata
Motors.

STRATEGIC INITIATIVES : Navigating The Electric Future

Both companies are gearing up for the electric vehicle (EV) revolution, but their approaches
differ. M&M plans to position Mahindra Electric Automotive as a separate entity for EVs,
emphasizing a distinct showcase for EV and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) portfolios.
The company also focuses on investing in ICE to maintain leadership in the segment.

Tata Motors, meanwhile, underscores the importance of EVs in its portfolio, with over 4
million kilometres driven by Ace EVs and ambitious plans for the AVINYA EV series. The
company remains steadfast in its guidance for double-digit margins by FY 2026.
Commercial Vehicle Segment

Tata Motors exhibits a strategic focus on the CV segment, with improvements in market
share and profitability. Their emphasis on Small Commercial Vehicle (SCV) market shares
and sustained improvements in Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicle (M&HCV) market
shares have paid off. Pricing discipline is maintained in the M&HCV segment, and the
outlook for M&HCV growth in Q3 remains positive.
M&M, while achieving a significant 54% growth in the LCV < 2T category, is re-evaluating
its capacity planning to meet the surging market demand for SUVs, including EV models.
The company underscores the importance of ICE models, with plans for refreshes and
updates.

Outlook and Guidance

Both companies project a positive outlook despite external challenges. M&M remains
focused on meeting future growth targets and maintaining profitability. Tata Motors
emphasizes the achievement of double-digit EBITDA for the entire year and a net debt target
of sub 1 GBP billion in the next six months.
 CHAPTER – 2

TYPES OF CARS
 2.1 TATA MOTORS

Tata Motors Cars

Calendar Current
year model
Model Vehicle information
introduce Introductio
d n

Hatchback

A-segment/city car
Tiago 2016 2020
hatchback.

B-segment/
subcompact
Altroz 2020 2020 hatchback.
 Sedan

B-segment/
Tigor 2017 2020
subcompact sedan.

SUV/crossover

Subcompact
Punch 2021 2021
crossover SUV

Subcompact
Nexon 2017 2023 crossover SUV (B-
segment)

Harrie Compact crossover

2019 2023
r SUV (C-segment)

Mid-size crossover
Safari 1998 2023
SUV
 Former Models :

Telcoline 1988

Sierra 1991

Estate 1992

Sumo 1994

Mercedes-Benz W124 1995

 Indica 1998

Spacio 2000

Indigo 2002

Indigo Marina 2006

Xenon 2007

Sumo Grande 2008

 Vista 2008

Nano 2008

Manza 2009

Venture 2010

Aria 2010

Zest 2014
 Bolt 2014

Hexa 2017

Manufacturing Facilities
 Pune (Maharashtra)
 Sanand Plant (Gujrat)

Concept vehicles

The Tata Pr1ma concept car

Model Released Discontinued Image

Tata 45X Concept at Geneva Motor

 2000 Aria Roadster

 2001 Aria Coupe

 2002 Tata Indica

 2004 Tata Indigo Advent

 2005 Tata Xover

 2006 Tata Cliffrider

 2007 Tata Elegent

 2009 Tata Prima

 2011 Tata Pixel

 2012 Tata Mega Pixel

 2014 Tata Nexon

 2017 Tata Temo Recemo

 2018 Tata 45X Concept (Launched as Tata Altroz on 22 January 2020)

 2018 Tata H5X Concept (Lauched as Tata Harrier on 23 January 2019)

  2019 Tata H7x (later Known as Tata Gravitas and launched as Tata Safari
on 15 Feb 2021)

 2020 Tata Altroz EV (Expected Lauch : 2022)

 2020 Tata Sierra EV concept Launch : 2022)

 Tata E-Vision Electric

 2022 Tata Curvv Electric

 2022 Tata Avinya Electric (Scheduled To Launch In 2025)

References
1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2015.

2. "Tata Milestones". Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 22 March
2009.

3. "The Next People's Car". Forbes. 16 April 2007. Archived from the original on 1 May 2007.
Retrieved 21 January 2008.

4. "Time to say hi to Tata's dream car". The Times of India. 10 January 2008.

5. Fred Attewill , "World's cheapest car upsets environmentalists", The Guardian, 10 January
2008

2.2 Mahindra & Mahindra

 Current models

Calendar Current
model Vehicle
year
Model informatio
introduce Introductio
n
d n

SUV

Mid-size
Bolero 2000 2020
SUV

+
Bolero

Bolero Neo 2021 2021 Mini SUV

Bolero Neo

4x4
Thar 2010 2020 Compact
SUV

Thar

Scorpio/ D-segment
2002 2022
Scorpio-N SUV

Scorpio/Scorpio-N

Crossover SUV
 B-segment
XUV300 2019 2019 crossover
SUV

D-segment
XUV700 2021 2021 crossover
SUV

MPV

Compact
Marazzo 2018 2020
Marazzo MPV

Light commercial vehicle

Scorpio Pickup
2006 2017
Scorpio Getaway Getaway truck

UTV

4x4 off-
road only
Roxor 2018 2018 Sports
utility
vehicle

Roxor

Electric vehicles
 Calendar Current
Model year model Vehicle information
introduced Introduction

Crossover SUV

B-segment Electric
XUV400 2023 2023
Crossover SUV

XUV400

Discontinued models

Model Released Discontinued Image Notes

Armada 1993 2001

Voyager 1997 2002

 Major 2004 2010

Xylo 2009 2019

Maxximo 2010 2015

XUV500 2011 2021

Quanto 2012 2016

 e2o 2013 2017

Verito Vibe 2013 2019

Replacement of TUV 300

TUV 300 2015 2020
comes as Bolero Neo.

KUV100 2016 2023

Nuvosport 2016 2020

TUV300
2018 2020
Plus

Rebadged from Ssangyong

Alturas G4 2018 2022
Rexton

Concepts

BE.05
BE.07

BE.09

BE.RALL-E

XUV.E8

XUV.E9

THAR.E

Naming of vehicles

Most commercial and passenger vehicles made by the company follow the rule of ending with an 'O',
like in Scorpio, Verito and XUV700. In 2013, the then president Pawan Goenka confirmed that this
was after the success of Bolero and Scorpio, the company thought the ‘O’ at the end of the vehicle
was lucky and it has become a tradition.

Awards and recognitions

 Bombay Chamber Good Corporate Citizen Award for 2006–07. The Farm Equipment division
received the Japan Quality Medal in 2007.

 The US based Reputation Institute ranked M&M amongst the top Ten Indian companies in its
'Global 200: The World's Best Corporate Reputations' list for 2008

 Bluebytes News rated M&M as India's second Most Reputed Car Company (reported in their
studytitled Reputation Benchmark Study) conducted for the Auto (Cars) Sector in 2012

 Mahindra won top Corporate Governance and CSR awards at Asiamoney Awards 2016

 Mahindra was named ‘Manufacturing Innovator of the Year’ by TIME India Awards in 2017.
 The company became the first Carbon Neutral plant facility in 2018.[121][122]

 In 2018, seven automotive plants of Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) bagged the prestigious Japan
Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM) award.[123]

 Mahindra was named India's Best Brand by Interbrand in 2019

 Mahindra & Mahindra was among 2000 largest companies of the world in the Forbes 2000 list.

 The company was 23rd on Fortune's global ‘Change The World’ list 2019.

 Mahindra Automotive was recognised as ‘One of the Most Trusted Brands of India 2021’ by Team
Marksmen and CNBC TV.

CHAPTER – 3

REASEARCH DESIGN
3.1 NEED OF STUDY : Customer is one for whom you satisfy want of need in retune
for some of payment . The payment may be money, may be time, or may be goodwill but
there is some from of payment . Satisfaction is the level of person felt state by comparing
products perceived in relation to the person’s expectations . Satisfaction level is function of
the difference between perceived performance and expactations . if the performance falls
short of expectations, the expactations the customer is thrilled . The need to study something
refers to the reasons or purposes behind investigating, analyzing, or learning about a
particular subject or topic. In a concise manner, the phrase "need of study" can be understood
as the requirement or necessity for engaging with a subject matter to gain understanding,
insights, knowledge, or skills.

3.2 SCOPE OF STUDY : The scope of study, in a broader sense, encapsulates the entire
realm of topics, subjects, or areas that are considered relevant or pertinent to a particular
research endeavor or academic pursuit. It delineates the boundaries within which the research
will be conducted, encompassing the various dimensions, factors, and variables that will be
examined or explored to achieve the research objectives. In essence, the scope of study sets
the parameters and framework for the research, guiding the researcher in determining what
aspects to include and what to exclude in their investigation. The sample size is limited, so as
to give the accurate information regarding customer satisfaction . The scope is very limited,
because attitude & expectation of the people change according to the time & situation . The
Study is conducted only for 60 days . Consistency was lacking with regard to the information
given by few customers .

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY :

1. To Analyze Market Positioning: Investigate and compare the market positioning
strategies of Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra, including their target
demographics, brand image, and competitive advantages in various market segments.
2. To Evaluate Financial Performance: Assess and compare the financial performance
of Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra by analyzing key financial metrics such as
revenue, profitability, liquidity, solvency, and market valuation.
3. To Examine Product Portfolio: Examine and compare the product portfolios of Tata
Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra across different segments, including passenger
vehicles, commercial vehicles, electric vehicles, and specialized vehicles, to identify
strengths, weaknesses, and market opportunities.
4. To Investigate Innovation Initiatives: Explore and compare the innovation initiatives
and technological advancements pursued by Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra,
 particularly in areas such as electric vehicles, autonomous driving, connectivity
solutions, and sustainable mobility.
5. To Assess Customer Perception and Satisfaction: Evaluate and compare customer
perceptions, satisfaction levels, brand loyalty, and market reputation of Tata Motors
and Mahindra & Mahindra through surveys, reviews, and market research studies to
identify areas of strength and improvement.

These objectives provide a framework for conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis

of Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra, enabling insights into their market dynamics,
financial performance, product strategies, innovation endeavors, and customer relations.

3.4 REASERCH DESIGN :

Research design refers to the blueprint or plan outlining how a research study will be
conducted, from the initial stages of conceptualization to the final analysis and interpretation
of results. It encompasses the structure, methodology, and procedures used to collect,
analyze, and interpret data, as well as the strategies employed to ensure the validity and
reliability of findings. A comprehensive research design serves as a roadmap that guides
researchers through the entire research process, ensuring that the study is methodologically
sound and capable of addressing the research objectives effectively.

TYPES OF REASEARCH : Three types of Reaserch Methodology :

1. Exploratory Reaserch
2. Description Reaserch
3. Casual Reaserch
4. Likers scale

A research design typically includes several key components:

1. Research Objectives: Clearly defined goals and objectives that specify what the
study aims to achieve and the questions it seeks to answer.
2. Literature Review: A review of existing literature and previous research relevant to
the topic of study, which helps to inform the research questions, hypotheses, and
theoretical framework.
3. Research Methodology:
 Data Collection Methods: The techniques and instruments used to gather
data, such as surveys, interviews, observations, or experiments.
 Sampling Strategy: The process of selecting participants or data sources that
are representative of the target population.
 Data Analysis Techniques: The methods used to analyze the collected data,
which may include statistical analysis, qualitative coding, or thematic analysis.
 4. Variables and Hypotheses: Identification of the independent and dependent
variables under investigation, along with hypotheses or research questions that guide
the analysis.
5. Ethical Considerations: Adherence to ethical principles and guidelines governing
research involving human subjects, including informed consent, privacy protection,
and avoidance of harm.
6. Validity and Reliability: Assessment of the validity (accuracy) and reliability
(consistency) of research findings, ensuring that the study measures what it intends to
measure and produces consistent results.
7. Timeline and Resources: A plan outlining the timeline for each stage of the research
process, as well as the allocation of resources such as personnel, budget, and
equipment.
8. Reporting and Dissemination: Strategies for disseminating research findings to
relevant stakeholders through academic publications, presentations, reports, or other
channels.

Overall, a research design provides a structured framework for conducting a systematic

investigation, enabling researchers to gather empirical evidence, draw conclusions, and
contribute to knowledge in their respective fields of study.

My Reaserch is based on Likert scale

Likert Scale : A Likert scale is a commonly used psychometric tool for measuring attitudes,
opinions, perceptions, or behaviors of individuals. It typically consists of a series of
statements or items to which respondents express their level of agreement or disagreement on
a scale, usually ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Here are the key
characteristics and components of a Likert scale:

1. Statements or Items: The Likert scale presents respondents with a set of statements
or items related to the topic under investigation. These statements should be clear,
concise, and relevant to the research objectives.

2. Response Options: Each statement is accompanied by a set of response options,

typically ranging from 5 to 7 points, representing varying degrees of agreement or
disagreement. Common response options include:

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither Agree nor Disagree (Neutral)
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Additional response options may include "Don't Know" or "Not Applicable" depending on
the context.
3. Scoring: Responses on the Likert scale are usually assigned numerical values, with
higher values indicating stronger agreement or endorsement of the statement. The
scoring may vary depending on the directionality of the scale (e.g., positive or
negative statements).

4. Summative Score: Individual responses are often summed or averaged across all
items to compute a total or average score for each respondent. This aggregated score
provides a quantitative measure of the respondent's overall attitude or perception on
the topic.

5. Validity and Reliability: Likert scales should be carefully designed to ensure validity
(i.e., the scale measures what it intends to measure) and reliability (i.e., consistent
responses over time or across different samples). This involves pilot testing, assessing
internal consistency (e.g., Cronbach's alpha), and conducting factor analysis to
evaluate the scale's psychometric properties.

6. Analysis: Data collected using Likert scales can be analyzed using various statistical
techniques, including descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, median), inferential statistics
(e.g., t-tests, ANOVA), and multivariate analysis (e.g., factor analysis, regression
analysis).

Likert scales are widely used in surveys, questionnaires, and psychological research to assess
attitudes, opinions, preferences, satisfaction levels, and other subjective constructs in a
standardized and quantifiable manner. They provide researchers with valuable insights into
individuals' perceptions and can help inform decision-making in various domains .

3.5 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY :

Every research study comes with its own set of limitations that may affect the interpretation
and generalizability of the findings. Here are some common limitations that researchers
should be aware of:

Sampling Bias: The sample used in the study may not be representative of the broader
population, leading to potential biases in the results. For example, if the sample is drawn from
a specific demographic group or geographical area, the findings may not be generalizable to
other populations.
Measurement Error: Errors in measurement can occur due to imperfect instruments, self-
reporting biases, or respondent misunderstandings. This can affect the accuracy and reliability
of the data collected.

Validity Concerns: The study's validity, which refers to the extent to which the research
measures what it intends to measure, may be compromised. For instance, if the operational
definitions of variables are unclear or if the chosen measures do not adequately capture the
constructs of interest, the validity of the study may be questioned.

Sample Size: Studies with small sample sizes may lack statistical power, making it difficult
to detect meaningful effects or relationships. Conversely, studies with large sample sizes may
encounter practical constraints and resource limitations.

Confounding Variables: Uncontrolled or unmeasured variables that influence both the

independent and dependent variables can confound the results, leading to erroneous
conclusions about the relationship between variables of interest.

Cross-Sectional Design: Cross-sectional studies, which collect data at a single point in time,
may not capture changes or trends over time. Longitudinal or experimental designs are better
suited for assessing causal relationships and temporal changes.

Ethical Considerations: Ethical constraints, such as privacy concerns, informed consent

requirements, and potential harm to participants, may limit the scope or conduct of the study.

Resource Constraints: Limitations in time, funding, or access to data and participants may
constrain the scope and execution of the study, potentially affecting its quality and
generalizability.

Publication Bias: Studies with statistically significant findings are more likely to be
published, leading to a bias toward positive results in the literature. This can distort the
overall body of knowledge on a particular topic.

Contextual Factors: External factors, such as social, cultural, or environmental influences,

may impact the study outcomes and limit the generalizability of the findings to other contexts
or settings.
Acknowledging and addressing these limitations is crucial for ensuring the credibility,
transparency, and rigor of the research findings. Researchers should carefully consider the
potential limitations of their study and take steps to mitigate their impact wherever possible.:

CHAPTER – 4
ANALYSIS
&
IMTERPRETATION DATA