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Iot based Home Automation

Conference Paper · August 2021

DOI: 10.22214/ijraset.2021.37287

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 9 VIII August 2021

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37287
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Iot based Home Automation

Aayush Doshi1, Deep Vakharia2, Yashraj Rai3
1, 2, 3
Department of Information Technology, St Francis Institute of Technology,Mumbai University

Abstract: Home Automation industry is growing rapidly, this is fulfilled by the need to provide supporting systems for the elderly
and the disabled, especially those who live alone. Coupled with this, the world population is confirmed to be getting older. Home
automation systems must comply with the household standards and convenience of usage.Home automation is one of the major
growing industries that can change the way people live. Some of these home automation systems target those seeking luxury and
sophisticated home automation platforms; others target those with special needs like the elderly and the disabled. Typical
wireless home automation system allows one to control household appliances from a centralized control unit which is wireless.
These appliances usually have to be specially designed to be compatible with each other and with the control unit for most
commercially available home automation systems.The developed system can be integrated as a single portable unit and allows
one to wirelessly control lights, fans, air conditioners, television sets, security cameras, electronic doors, computer systems,
audio/visual equipment’s etc. and turn ON or OFF any appliance that is plugged into a wall outlet, get the status of different
sensors and take decision accordingly. The system is portable and constructed in a way that is easy to install, configure, run, and
maintain. The perfect user interface still does not exist at present and to build a good interface requires knowledge of both
sociology and technology fields.
The problem lies with the situation of the elderly or disabled people, who cannot usually help themselves to move around, and
might require external assistance. People who live alone might also need a helping hand at home. Therefore An android app
controlled home automation system is designed, so that the users can perform certain tasks by just the use of their phones.
Having a phone as a remote will make the system more user-friendly and portable.
Keywords: Home Automation, Smart Home, Wireless Home Automation.

I. INTRODUCTION
With the help of new technology, people demand more comfort in their lives. In this new era of automated things such as automatic
cars, automatic dishwashers, automatic bots and so on, comes the need of automated homes where people have the luxury of doing
things with least possible effort.
The Internet of Things commonly known as IOT (Internet of Things), refers to any device that can be connected to Internet and
further controlled using it. Home Automation Systems(HAS) involves the control and automation of lighting, ventilation, security.
Home Automation is a modern technology that transforms our home in a way that a different set of tasks are performed
automatically.
The main purpose of Home Automation Systems(HAS) is to save electricity and reduce human effort.Also, this system is also built
to help the disabled people with walking disabilities or elderly people who struggle to walk and switch off/on the home appliances.
The basic motivation for building this product is to make the lives of people more comfortable and easy. It will give people the
comfort of staying in place and controlling systems through voice commands. This paper presents controlling the home automation
appliances using either voice commands or an android application.
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board developed by Arduino CC. Arduin UNO is a microcontroller board having a number of
input and output pins. It is not only a processing node in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) but also acts as a centralized controller in
a Wireless Sensor Network(WSN). Further integrating the Home AUtomation System(HAS) to the voice assistant makes it
controlled using voice commands. The light in the system will be triggered based on the motion sensor which will indeed trigger the
light sensor to check the ambient light and turn the light on if the sensor senses the reading below the threshold value. The fan
circuit will be solely controlled either with a single tap on the android app or simple voice commands. Some other Home
Automation systems make use of Bluetooth technology for communication. However, Bluetooth has connectivity issues along with
the difficulty of wall penetration of the signals. Apart from the connectivity and compatibility issues, most of the Home Automation
Systems(HAS) proposed in the literature are too expensive to be afforded by a common man.In this context, the proposed Home
Automation System is a low cost, flexible solution, with ease of installation and integration with mobile devices. The experimental
setup for this Home Automation System(HAS) is discussed in the next section.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

In this research paper [1] raspberry provides security and various ways to control the devices in the house. Because of mobile
phones the living is comfortable and at the same time it can be easily accessible through portable devices. It gives users all the rights
to decide which makes it reliable as it always asks before taking any decision, it helps when there are any necessary decisions, it
helps when there are any necessary decisions to be taken and they can be taken fast in case of an emergency.
In the proposed model of paper [2] the accuracy of Implementations meets the expectation. This home automation system works
according to user needs and demands and also the modes of function work as desired during the implementation. Users need to give
respective commands through his/her smartphone and the system works according to the assigned algorithm. This project is flexible
and user friendly and easy to use. So it can be said that this system has higher accuracy with great efficiency.
In this paper [3], architecture for smart home control and monitoring systems using Arduino is proposed and implemented. It gives a
basic idea of how to control different home appliances and provide security by using Arduino Uno controlled from a desktop
application. In our project, we tried to implement an embedded system that meets the main functions of home automation for the
management of lighting, habitat security, and temperature & humidity control. For these reasons, a desktop application was created
to interact with an Arduino via the serial port.
In paper [4],The light sensor was properly configured to detect when the laser was broken, while not accidentally tripping due to
different ambient light environments. In addition, the temperature and light control subsystem outputs are confirmed to be working.
Specifically, the firmware has been tested and is confirmed to be outputting the appropriate signals to the subsystem BJT switches
which control lighting and furnace operations. Overall, the project has been working to design specifications and has maintained a
high quality standard which can be integrated into modern homes.
In the main paper no [5],we found out that in this era of computers, smart home technology has become imminent. It’s a smart
technology that gives us a different level of living standard. We are fully dependent on a system where everything is fully automatic.
We are using sun tracking technology so we can get maximum efficiency of solar power.It has two different user functions; one is
controlled manually and other automatically. Security is password and/or biometrically protected and sensing ability gives this home
strength to protect itself.
In the final research paper,we observed that the raspberry pi based home security system has been successfully developed and
verified. Not only has the raspberry pi been helped for live streaming but also for the camera as a movement recognition component.
The capturing and causation notification would be done if there was any detection of movement. The inference of the tests
performed on the system confirms that the security mechanism provides optimal observations.

Reference Methodology Advantages Future Scope

[1] In this we have used Raspberry The biggest advantage of using Raspberry pi might be one day used
Pi instead of Arduino and PIR Raspberry Pi instead of Arduino is as it has multiple GPIO pins which
sensors which are more the clock speed of Raspberry Pi. can be built by or programmed and
effective than normal IR The PIR sensor is directly used to interface various devices in
sensors for home security. connected to the led array which the real world and controlled by
will provide a better light python programming language.
environment for the camera to
capture a clear photo.

[2] The basic methodology is This home automation works The project which is to be
signal sent from Android according to the user needs and implemented is a home automation
Phone to Wi-Fi module. The demands and also the modes of using easy IOT web server and wi-fi
android application consists of function work as desired during the and has very good future
GUI buttons for each implementation. development
appliance. Eventually end These smart switches can be used
users can access appliances manually, on mobile phones and
over mobile devices. computers through the internet.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 118

 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

[3] The most basic implementation This system, rather than making Project can be scaled by adding more
includes the use of an LDR people physically go and turn control towards household
sensor for light intensity and appliances on or off, makes people components.
IR sensor to detect human control from sitting anywhere not
presence . only in its circumference but from
anywhere in the world.

[4] In this project the lights and Reduced power consumption. Use of upgraded sensors increases the
fans are automatically Cost efficient. precision of the sensor making the
controlled by the external light User Friendly. system more efficient.
as well as Human presence and Easy maintenance.
room temperature respectively.

[5] The intensity of the external Rather than setting a specific time Can be implemented on a larger
lamps(which are used outside for the lamps to turn on, the photo- scale(street lights).
the house) are controlled by resistor helps control the intensity
means of an LDR sensor. and thus saving electricity.

[6] Using Raspberry Pi IR Camera The Pi camera helps in streaming Using the biometric sensors present
to prevent unauthorized people the live feed and also captures on the mobile of the user, the door
from entering the house. images at a higher resolution. can be locked or unlocked.

III. SYSTEM DESIGN

Figure 1 : Block diagram

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

1) Smart Home is a very useful project for the people who are not able to do various activities efficiently when they are at home
and need one’s assistant to perform those tasks. M
2) With the Android Application the complication of wiring in case of wired automation is prevented. With the use of Wi-Fi based
Home automation would help a man to switch on/off wherever he is. The Android application system provides secure access to
home. In recent years, the Home Automation systems have seen rapid changes due to the introduction of various wireless
technologies.
3) The Home Automation industry is growing rapidly, this is fuelled by the need to provide supporting systems that are made to
ease our life. Automation systems are supposed to be implemented in existing home environments, without any changes in the
infrastructure. The automation is based on android application of and uses Wi-Fi module along with microcontroller. This book
presents the overall design of ‘IOT based Home Automation’, which we are currently developing.
4) The automation recognizes commands given by the app through the user and transfers it to our microcontroller which detects
the command and proceeds with the switching accordingly. We are using the Arduino microcontroller module & Wifi module
ESP8266 Node MCU to implement our vision. Further we are trying to implement the same on a more user friendly and bigger
scale. The home automation system is intended to control all lights and electrical appliances in a home or office using voice
commands.
Flowchart

Figure 2 : Flow of our model (Flowchart)

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

A. Components Used
1) Arduino : Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

Figure 3: Arduino Atmega 328p

2) Relay: A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or multiple control signals,
and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make
contacts, break contacts, or combinations thereof.

Figure 4: Relay

3) LED: Visible LEDs are used in many electronic devices as indicator lamps, in automobiles as rear-window and brake lights,
and on billboards and signs as alphanumeric displays or even full-colour posters

Figure 5 : LED

4) Fan: About the power supply: Since your fan uses 100mA at full speed (I assume), it is still possible to power it over the 5V pin
of the Arduino. You can source about 500mA over it (including the current for the Arduino itself).

Figure 6: Dynamic Mini Fan

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

5) NodeMCU : NodeMCU is an open source firmware for which open source prototyping board designs are available. The name
"NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-controller unit). The term "NodeMCU" strictly speaking refers to the
firmware rather than the associated development kits.

Figure 7: Node MCU

IV. IMPLEMENTATION
1) Home Automation using Internet Of Things(IOT) refers to the automation wherein it allows the users to control their devices
using the Internet. It requires the user to connect his/her appliances, which he wishes to be remotely controlled, to the Arduino
circuit. It also requires the user to connect the Arduino to the NodeMCU Wi-Fi module in order to allow the devices to be
controlled from anywhere in the world using the Internet. The Wi-Fi module is connected to the Firebase real-time database
using Database secrets in order to receive the triggering signals.
2) On the front end, we developed an Android app to pass signals to the Arduino circuit. We used a real-time database as a
backbone of the project to send signals over the Internet. The Android app is linked to the database using the Firebase API
readily available.

Figure 8: Circuit diagram

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Test Case Table

Figure 9 : Test case table

V. RESULTS

Figure 10 : Home automation system

Figure 10.a : Home automation system

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Figure 11 : Home automation system app created through blynk showing that Fan is on

Figure 12 : Home automation system app created through blynk showing the fan is off now

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VIII Aug 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

VI. CONCLUSION
IOT based Home Automation is a very different concept than what is presently available in the market. This would make
automation more easy and intuitive. The people will be able to interact with the system anywhere across the world. It also is an
important aspect in the present world where people are so busy, this would help them in easing the basic functionality of their life.
The world around us is going digital in every aspect we can imagine and it is happening fast, we also need to move forward with it.
Our system is a great initiative step in automation, it would also provide security in the near future. As it is based on IOT we can
assign access to our electronic devices being anywhere across the world. The following are the features of our system:

A. Easy to use.
B. Saves unnecessary power consumption.
C. Low cost compared to other automation systems.
D. Easy to implement.
E. Has good processing power and can handle multiple functions at the same time.
F. Uses reliable wireless connection

REFERENCES
[1] Arpita Yekhande, Prof. Kapil Misal, “HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI. “ presented at International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) ,10 | Oct -2017).
[2] Abhijit Shejal, Amit Pethkar, Akash Zende, Pratyusha Awate, Prof.Sudhir.G.Mane, “DESIGNING OF SMART SWITCH FOR HOME AUTOMATION.”
Presented at International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) 05 | May 2019.
[3] Sudha Kousalya, G Reddi, Priya Vasanthi, B Venkatesh, IOT Based Smart Security and Smart Home Automation presented at International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology 04, April-2018
[4] K Eswari, DeviK Shravani, M Kalyani, Mr. Abbas Hussain, Mrs. N Gayathri “Real-Time Implementation of Light and Fan Automation using Arduino”
presented at International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 06, June-2020
[5] Bouzid Mohamed Amine , Chaib Fatima Zohra , Hamani Ilyes , Aid Lahcen, Allaoui Tayeb, “SMART HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM.” Presented at
International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) ,4 | Dec. 2018
[6] Ayush Gajjar, Deepak Mishra, Shubham Ingale, Aniket Kore, “SMART HOME SYSTEM.” Presented at International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET) , 01 | Jan 2019

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