NAME PARAMESWAR CHATTERJEE

ROLL NUMBER 2414101915

PROGRAM BRIDGE COURSE
SEMESTER I
COURSE CODE DCA6106
& FUNDAMENTAL OF MATHEMATICS
NAME (COMPULSORY BRIDGE COURSE)

SET-I

Question-1: - Match each of the sets on the left described in the roster form with the
same set on the right described in the set builder form:
i) {L, I, T, E} a) {x: x is a positive integer and is a divisor of 18}
ii) {0} b) {x: x is an integer and x2 – 9 = 0}
iii) {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18} c) {x: x is an integer and x + 1 = 1}
iv) {3, – 3} d) {x: x is a letter of the word LITTLE}

Ans: - i) We’re given the set {L, I, T, E} in roster form, which mean the set contain the letter
of the word ‘LITTLE’
So clearly the builder form of the set will be {x: x is a letter of the word LITTLE}, which
corresponds to Option (d)
So (i) matches with (d)

(ii) {0}, which means the set contains the only element which is zero (0). We know that ‘0’ is
an integer and any element remain unchanged when it added with the element ‘0.’
So the set can be written in builder form {x: x is an integer and x+1 = 0}, which corresponds
to Option (c).

(iii) The given set {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18}, and 18 is divisible by all the elements of the given set,
also the elements of the given set are positive integer. So, we can write this set-in roster form
{x: x is a positive integer and divisor of 18}, which corresponds to Option (a).

(iv) Solving equation x2-9=0

⇒ x2 = 9
⇒ x = √9
⇒ x = ±3
So, the set {3, -3} contains the roots of the equation x2-9=0.
Therefore, the builder forms the set is
{x: x is an integer and x2-9=0}, which contain option (b)

Hence, (i) is corresponds to Option (d)

(ii) is corresponds to Option (c)
(iii) is corresponds to Option (a)
(iv) is corresponds to Option (b)

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Question 2:-

Example: Show that

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒃+𝒄 𝒄+𝒂 𝒂 + 𝒃 = (𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒃 − 𝒄)(𝒄 − 𝒂)
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Ans: -
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒃+𝒄 𝒄+𝒂 𝒂+𝒃
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Operation 1 Replace C1 by C2 – C1 i.e. C’1 = C2 – C1
Operation 2: Replace C2 by C3 – C2 i.e. C’2= C3- C2
1−1 1−1 1
= (𝑐 + 𝑎 ) – (𝑏 + 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑏) – (𝑐 + 𝑎) 𝑎+𝑏
(𝑐 + 𝑎 ) – (𝑏 + 𝑐 ) (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) – (𝑐 + 𝑎 ) 𝑎 + 𝑏

0 0 0
= (𝑐 + 𝑎 – 𝑏 – 𝑐) (𝑎 + 𝑏 – 𝑐 – 𝑎) 𝑎+𝑏
(𝑐 + 𝑎 – 𝑏 – 𝑐 ) (𝑎 + 𝑏 – 𝑐 – 𝑎 ) 𝑎 +𝑏
0 0 1
= 𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑎 +𝑏
= (a – b) (b2 - c²) – (b – c) (a2 – b²)
= (a – b) (b + c) (b – c) – (b – c) (a + b) (a – b)
= (a – b) (b – c) (b + c – a – b)
= (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (Proved)

𝟏 𝒂 𝛉
Question 3: - If a=cosθ+isinθ, 0<θ<2π, prove that = 𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒕
𝟏 𝒂 𝟐
Ans: We are given a=cosθ +isinnθ where 0 < θ < 2π
Now solving the Left hand side of the equation we get

= , [0<θ<2π]
– – –
Operation: Multiplying Denominator and Numerator By ‘{(1–cosθ) + isinθ}’

{( ) } {( – ) }
⇒ = x , [0<θ<2π]
– {( – )– } {( – ) }

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 {( )( – ) ( ) ( – ) ² ² }
⇒ = , [0<θ<2π]
– {( – )² – ² ² }

– ² – ²
⇒ = , [0<θ<2π]
– – ² ²
[ since the value of i²= –1]
– ² – ²
⇒ = , [0<θ<2π]
– –
–
⇒ = , [0<θ<2π]
– –

⇒ = , [0<θ<2π]
– –
[we know, sinθ = 2sin 𝜽𝟐 , and (1–cosθ) = sin²𝜽𝟐 ]

⇒ = , [0<θ<2π]
– ²

⇒ = icot [Proved]
–

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 NAME PARAMESWAR CHATTERJEE
ROLL NUMBER 2414101915
PROGRAM BRIDGE COURSE
SEMESTER I
COURSE CODE DCA6106
& FUNDAMENTAL OF MATHEMATICS
NAME (COMPULSORY BRIDGE COURSE)

SET- II

Question 4: - Given r1= 5𝑖̂−2𝑗̂+3𝑘̂ , r2 = 𝑖̂−𝑗̂−𝑘̂, r3 = −2𝑖̂+𝑗̂−3𝑘̂, find the magnitude of

(i) r3 (ii) r1+r2+r3 (iii) 2r1–3r2–5r3
Ans: Here we are given r1=5𝑖̂−2𝑗̂+3𝑘̂
r2 = 𝑖̂−𝑗̂−𝑘̂ and r3 = −2𝑖̂+𝑗̂−3𝑘̂

Therefore, (i) the Magnitude of r3 = (– 𝟐)² + (𝟏)² + (– 𝟑)²

= √4 + 1 + 9
= √𝟏𝟒
(ii) r1+r2+r3
= (5𝑖̂−2𝑗̂+3𝑘̂ )+ (𝑖̂−𝑗̂−𝑘̂ )+ (−2𝑖̂+𝑗̂−3𝑘̂)
= (5+1-2) 𝑖̂ + (–2-1+1) 𝑗̂ + (3 –1–3) 𝑘̂
= 4𝑖̂ –2𝑗̂ – 𝑘̂

Therefore, the Magnitude of (r1+r2+r3) = (𝟒)² + (– 𝟐)² + (– 𝟏)²

= √𝟏𝟔 + 𝟒 + 𝟏

= √𝟐𝟏
(iii) 2r1–3r2–5r3
= 2(5𝑖̂−2𝑗̂+3𝑘̂ ) – 3(𝑖̂−𝑗̂−𝑘̂ ) –5(−2𝑖̂+𝑗̂−3𝑘̂)
= (10𝑖̂−4𝑗̂+6𝑘̂) + (–3𝑖̂+3𝑗̂+3𝑘̂ )+ (10𝑖̂–5𝑗̂+15𝑘̂)
= (10– 3 + 10) 𝑖̂ + (– 4 + 3– 5) 𝑗̂ + (6 + 3 + 15) 𝑘̂
= 17𝑖̂ –6𝑗̂ +24𝑘̂

Therefore, The Magnitude of (2r1–3r2–5r3) = (𝟏𝟕)² + (– 𝟔)² + (𝟐𝟒)²

= √𝟐𝟖𝟗 + 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟓𝟕𝟔
= √𝟗𝟎𝟏

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Question 5: Find the value of 𝒇 (𝒙) at c, when
a) f(x) = ex, c = 0
b) f(x) = ex, c = 1
c) f(x) = ex, c = log 2
d) f(x) = ex, c = log 1
e) f(x) = log x, c = 1
Ans: (a) We’re given f(x) = ex
Differentiating with respect to ‘x’ both side we get

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = (ex)

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = ex

Now 𝑓 (𝑥) at c= 0 i.e. at x= 0

⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x=0 = e0
⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x=0 = 1

(b) Now we’re given f(x) = ex

Differentiating with respect to ‘x’ both side we get

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = (ex)
⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = ex

Now 𝑓 (𝑥) at c= 1 i.e. at x= 1

⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x=1 = e1
⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x=1 = e

(c) Now we’re give f(x) = ex

Differentiating with respect to ‘x’ both side we get

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = (ex)

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = ex

Now 𝑓 (𝑥) at c= log 2 i.e. at x= log 2

⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x= log 2 = (e)log 2
⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x=log 2 = 2 [since, elog a = a]

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(d) Now we’re give f(x) = ex
Differentiating with respect to ‘x’ both side we get

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = (ex)

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = ex

Now 𝑓 (𝑥) at c= log 1 i.e. at x= log 1

⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x=log 1 = (e)log 1
⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x= log 1 = e0 [since, log 1 = 0]
⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x=log 1 = 1

(e) Now we’re given f(x) = log x

Differentiating with respect to ‘x’ both side we get

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) = (log x)

⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥) =

Now 𝑓 (𝑥) at c= 1 i.e. at x= 1

⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x=1 =

⇒ [ 𝑓 (𝑥) ] x= 1 = 1
Therefore, the required values of 𝒇 (𝒙) are —

a) When, f(x) = ex at c = 0, the required values of 𝑓 (𝑥) is ‘1’

b) f(x) = ex , at c = 1, the required values of 𝑓 (𝑥) is ‘e’

c) f(x) = ex, at c = log 2, the required values of 𝑓 (𝑥) is ‘2’

d) f(x) = ex, at c = log 1, the required values of 𝑓 (𝑥) is ‘1’

e) f(x) = log(x), at c = 1, the required values of 𝑓 (𝑥) is ‘1’

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Question 6:
Find all the possible outcomes of the following experiments.
a) Tossing a single coin
b) Tossing two coins
c) Tossing three coins.
d) Roll of a single die
e) Roll of two dice

Ans:
a) Tossing a single coin
we will get 2 possible outcomes which are Head (H) and Tail (T)
Therefore, the possible outcomes are {H, T}

b) Tossing two coins

We will get 22 possible outcomes i.e. 4 possible outcomes.
And the possible outcomes are {HH, HT, TH, TT}.

c) Tossing three coins.

We will get 23 possible outcomes i.e. 8 possible outcomes.
Therefore, the possible outcomes are {HHH, HTH, HTT, TTH, THH, THT, HHT, TTT}

d) Roll of a single die

We will get 6 possible outcomes which are {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

e) Roll of two dice

We will get 62 possible outcomes, i.e. 36 possibles outcomes.
Therefore, the possible outcomes are —(1,1), (1,2) , (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2) ,
(2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,1), (3,2) , (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (4,1), (4,2) , (4,3), (4,4), (4,5),
(4,6), (5,1), (5,2) , (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2) , (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}.

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