NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

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 INTRODUCTION

EXAMINATION RESULTS ARE DATA THAT CAN BE STUDIED AT LENGTH

USING DIFFERENT KIND OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION KNOWN AS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
FREQUENCY POLYGON
INTRODUCTION

IF YOU ASK ENOUGH

PEOPLE ABOUT THEIR SHOE
SIZE, YOU WILL FIND THAT
YOUR GRAPHED DATA IS
SHAPED LIKE A BELL CURVE
AND CAN BE DESCRIBED
AS NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED.
 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

-IS A CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY

DISTRIBUTION OF DATA THAT
HAS THE SHAPE OF
SYMMETRICAL BELL CURVE
-ALSO CALLED GAUSIAN
DISTRIBUTION NAMED AFTER
CARL GAUSS
 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

IF A WELL PREPARED TEST IS ADMINISTERED TO A CLASS OF 100

STUDENTS, THERE WILL BE A HIGH SCORES, AS WELL AS A FEW
LOW SCORES. IN REALITY, IF A DISTRIBUTION CONSISTS OF A
VERY LARGE NUMBER OF CASES AND THE THREE MEASURES OF
AVERAGES (MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE) ARE EQUAL, THEN THE
DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL AND THE SKEWNESS IS 0. IN
STATISTICS, SUCH DISTRIBUTION IS CALLED NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION OR SIMPLY NORMAL CURVE.
 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

1. THE DISTRIBUTION CURBE IS BELL

2. THE CURVE IS SYMMETRICAL ABOUT ITS
CENTER
3. THE MEAN, MEDIAN, AND THE MODE
COINCIDE AT THE CENTER
4. THE WIDTH OF THE CURVE IS DETERMINED
STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION
 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

5. THE TAILS OF THE CURVE

FLATTEN OUT INDEFINITELY
ALONG THEN HORIZONTAL
AXIS, ALWAYS APPROACHING
THE AXIS BUT NEVER
TOUCHING IT. THAT IS, THE
CURVE IS ASYMPTOTIC AT
THE BASE LINE.
 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

6. THE AREA UNDER THE

CURVE REPRESENTS THE
PROBABILITY OF PROPORTION
OR THE PERCENTAGE
ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC
SETS OF MEASUREMENT
VALUES.
 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

The change of value of the mean shifts the graph of the normal
curve to the right or to the left.

The standard deviation determines the shape of the graphs

(particularly the height and the width of the curve). When the
standard deviation is large, the normal curve is short and wide,
while a small value for the standard deviation yields skinner
and taller graph.
 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

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 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
 THE STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE

A STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE IS NORMAL
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION THAT HAS A
MEAN = 0 AND A
STANDARD DEVIATION = 1
EMPIRICAL RULE
 EMPIRICAL RULE

THE AVERAGE IQ SCORE IS 100 WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 15.

1. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?

2. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 95% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
3. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 99.7% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
 EMPIRICAL RULE

THE AVERAGE GRADE OF SHS STUDENTS IN

DRECMNHS IS NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED WITH A MEAN
OF 84 AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 3.
1. WHAT AVERAGE GRADES FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE
DISTRIBUTION?
2. IF YOUR AVERAGE GRADE IS 90, HOW MANY SD
ARE YOU AWAY FROM THE MEAN?
3. WHAT PERCENT OF THE AVERAGE ARE BETWEEN 78
TO 87?
 SEAT WORK

THE HEIGHT OF G11 STUDENTS ARE NORMALLY

DISTRIBUTED WITH A MEAN OF 170 CM AND STANDARD
DEVIATION OF 7.5 CM.
A. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 177.5 CM.
B. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 147.5 CM.
C. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 162.5 CM.
 SEAT WORK

COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW.

TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE

-USED TO DETERMINE THE

AREA/PERCENTAGE UNDER
CONSIDERATION IN STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
 Z SCORE AREA

STEP 1: SPLIT YOUR GIVEN DECIMAL INTO TWO AFTER THE TENTHS DECIMAL PLACE. FOR EXAMPLE,
IF YOU’RE GIVEN 0.46, SPLIT THAT INTO 0.4 + 0.06.

STEP 2: LOOK UP YOUR DECIMALS FROM STEP 1 IN THE Z-TABLE. THE Z-TABLE BELOW GIVES THE
RESULT FROM LOOKING UP 0.4 IN THE LEFT COLUMN AND 0.06 IN THE TOP ROW. THE
INTERSECTION (I.E. THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE) IS .1772.
 Z SCORE AREA

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL, SO IF YOU ARE

GIVEN NEGATIVE VALUES YOU CAN JUST LOOK UP THEIR ABSOLUTE
VALUES. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU ARE ASKED FOR THE AREA OF A TAIL
ON THE LEFT TO -0.96, LOOK UP THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF -0.96
(0.96).
 EXERCISES

USE THE Z TABLE TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS TO EACH

OF THE FOLLOWING
1. Z=.56
2. Z=1.32
3. Z=-1.05
4. Z=-2.18
5. Z=-2.58
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Find the area that corresponds to z=2.

 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Find the area that corresponds to z=2

Area of probability= 0.4772

 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47

 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47

Area of probability= 0.4932

 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47

 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47

Area of probability= 0.4932

 Sign Notation Operation

greater than, to the

subtract the area corresponds to the
right, at least, more Positive P(z>a) given from 0.5
than, above

greater than, to the

right, at least, more Negative P(z>-a) add 0.5 to the corresponds area
than, above

less than, at most, no

more than, not greater Positive P(z<a) add 0.5 to the corresponds area
than, to the left

less than, at most, no

subtract the area corresponds to the
more than, not greater Negative P(z<-a) given from 0.5
than, to the left
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=1.63
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area

under the standard
normal curve to
the right of z=1.63

The value that corresponds

to z=1.63 is 0.4484
0.5-0.4484=0.0516
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-0.52
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-0.52

The value that corresponds

to z=-0.52 is 0.1985

0.5+0.1985=0.6985
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-1.25
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=-1.25

The value that corresponds

to z=1.25 is 0.3944

0.5+0.3944=0.8944
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-0.95
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-0.95

The value that corresponds

to z=-0.95 is 0.3289

0.5-0.3289=0.1711
 Sign Notation Operation

Same subtract the biggest area to

P(a<z<b)
sign the smallest area
between
a and b
Different P(a<z<-b) add the biggest area to
sign P(-a<z<b) the smallest area
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

z=1.03 and z=-0.37
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

z=1.03 and z=-0.37

The value that

corresponds to z=1.03 is
0.3485 and z=-0.37 is
0.1443
0.3485+1443=0.4928
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

z=0.32 and z=2.42
 IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES

Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

z=0.32 and z=2.42

The value that

corresponds to z=0.32 is
0.1255 and z=2.42 is
0.4922
0.4922-0.1255=0.3667