Engine Types

Starter

Comment on the quotation.

1 Cross the odd one out. Justify your choice.

1. petrol, gas, water, fuel

2. safety, risk, security, protection
3. testing, treatment, boiler, engine
4. gauge, equipment, temperature, tool
5. spark, light, fire, oil

Vocabulary

2 Match the words to make word combinations.

1 cycle a strokes
2 number of b combustion engines
3 convert into c engine
4 internal d cycle
5 a four-stroke/ a two-stroke e cylinders
6 reciprocating f physical work
7 arrangement of g of operation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 Fill in the gaps with word combinations from 2.

1. Engines are machines that a source of energy .

2. In , the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine.
3. An requires two revolutions (720°) of the
crankshaft.
4. A / engine is a type of internal combustion engine
5. A is an engine that uses one or more pistons in order to convert
pressure into rotational motion.
6. The can be in several ways such as vertical, horizontal,
inline, V-type, etc.
7. On the basis of , the types of engines are four-stroke and two-stroke
engines.

Reading

4 Study the definitions and label the pictures: external combustion engine/ internal
combustion engine.

a) External combustion engine: In external combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes
place outside the engine. Example: steam engine.
b) Internal combustion engine: In internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes
place inside the engine. Two stroke and four stroke petrol and diesel engine are the examples
of internal combustion engine.

5 Read the text and underline engine types.

Changes in word trade may lead to the emergence of different ship types with special
demands upon their power systems. Practically all new merchant ships are powered by diesel
engines, and some existing large steamships have been altered with diesel power to improve
their economy and extend useful life.
Engines are machines that convert a source of energy into physical work.
According to the design, engine types can be: reciprocating and rotary engines.
- in reciprocating engine, there is a piston and cylinder, the piston does reciprocating motion
within the cylinder. Due to the reciprocating motion of the piston, it is called reciprocating
engine. 2 stroke and four stroke engines are the common examples of reciprocating engine.
- in rotary engine, the rotor does rotary motion to produce power. There is no reciprocating
motion. A rotor is present in the chamber which does rotary motion inside a chamber.
Turbine engines are the rotary types of engines.
On the basis of cycle of operation, the engine types are:
- Otto cycle engine: These types of engines are used for hand tools, garden equipment, gas
engines, small aviation.
- Diesel cycle engine: The engine working on diesel cycle is called diesel cycle engine. They
are used in ship propulsion, diesel power plants,
- Dual cycle engine or semi-diesel cycle engine: The engine that works on both diesel as well
as Otto cycle is called dual cycle engine or semi diesel cycle engine.
On the basis of number of strokes, the types of engines are four-stroke and two-stroke
engines.
On the basis of arrangement of cylinders, the engines can be:
- vertical engine (the cylinders are arranged in vertical position)
- horizontal engine (the cylinders are placed horizontal position)
- V-engine (the cylinders are placed in two banks having some angle between them)

6 Choose the correct option.

1. Engines are machines that ____________________

a) produce electricity
b) convert a source of energy into physical work
c) work in parallel with fire pump
2. Due to the reciprocating motion of the piston, it is called __________________
a) the chamber
b) reciprocating engine.
c) 2 stroke and four stroke engines
3. On the basis of cycle of operation, the engine types are:
a) vertical and horizontal engines
b) External / Internal combustion engine
c) Otto/Diesel/Dual cycle engine
4. Two stroke and four stroke petrol and diesel engine are the examples of ___________
a) internal combustion engine
b) dual cycle engine
c) Otto cycle engine
5. On the basis of number of strokes, the types of engines are __________________
a) rotary engine
b) Internal combustion engine
c) four-stroke and two-stroke engines.
6. On the basis of arrangement of cylinders, the engines can be:
a) Otto/Diesel/Dual cycle engine
b) vertical engine /horizontal engine /V-engine
c) 2 stroke and four stroke engines

7 Answer the questions.

1. What is engine?
2. Why is it better to re-engine steamships with diesel power?
3. What types of engines do you know?
4. What types of engines can you name according to the design/ to the basis of cycle of
operation/ to the basis of number of strokes/ to the basis of arrangement of cylinders?
5. What is External/ Internal combustion engine?
6. Where is Diesel cycle engine used?

Engine characteristics
Starter
What categories will you choose while buying a car?

__ year of manufacture __ brand low mileage

__ price __ engine capacity
__ cheap spare parts __ fuel consumption

1 a) Label the pictures.

low-speed engine | medium-speed engine | high-speed engine

b) Answer the questions.

1. Are all ships propelled with the same speed?

2. What ships are propelled very slowly?
3. Which ships can be propelled fast?

Vocabulary

2 Study the pictures and match the words with the definitions.

revolutions per minute (RPM) main propulsion unit bore [bɔː]

 trunk piston construction heavy oil crosshead diesel engine

1 a a metal beam that connects a piston to a

connecting rod in an engine
2 b is used to indicate the speed of something by
saying how many times per minute it will go
round in a circle
3 c dense hydrocarbons (denser than water) derived
from petroleum
4 d a piston with a long skirt to take the side thrust, as
in an internal combustion engine
5 e is the mechanism used to generate thrust to move
a ship
6 f the hollow part inside a gun barrel or other tube

Reading

3 Skim the text and tick if the statements are true.

___ 1. High-speed engines are built by many engine manufactures.

___ 2. Medium -speed are usually trunk piston engines using a four-stroke principle.
___ 3. All merchant ships are four-stroke engines.
___ 4. Low-speed are always very large sized and heavy crosshead engines.

4 Read the text and answer title paragraphs.

Low-speed crosshead diesel engines with a shaft power of 1500 up to 100,000 kW have
between 50 to 250 revolution per minute (RPM). The cylinder bore varies from 260 to 1080
millimeters. The low-speed two-stroke cycle diesel is used for main propulsion units since it
can be directly coupled to the propeller and shafting. It provides high power, can burn low
grade fuels and has high thermal efficiency. This reduces maintenance and simplifies engine
construction. The fuel is heavy oil.
The term medium-speed refers to diesel engines with a shaft power of 500 up to 30,000 kW
that operate within the approximate speed range 400 to 1000 revolutions per minute. The
cylinder bore varies from approximately 200 to 640 millimeters. The medium speed diesel
engines are generally to operate on the four-stroke cycle and are trunk piston construction.
These engines provide a better power and there is also a lower initial cost for equivalent
power. The fuel is heavy oil.
________________________
High-speed is usually with a shaft power of 100 up to 5000 kW. The number of revolutions
lies between 960 up to 2100 rpm. The cylinder bore varies from approximately 200 to 300
millimeters. Engines of this class are almost always found in small craft such as tugs, fishing
vessels, and high-speed ferries (four-stroke cycle). These engines may be constructed in
either “In-line” or “Vee configuration” (shape). Many engine manufactures build high-speed
engines. The fuel is diesel oil.

kW- kilowatt

5 Answer the questions.

1. What types of engines are used for merchant ships?

2. What engine can burn low grade fuels?
3. What engines are used heavy fuel oil?
4. Which type of engine is used in tugs, fishing vessels, ferries?