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Chapter 1

The document discusses the differences between procedure oriented and object oriented programming languages, characteristics of object oriented languages, advantages and applications of C++, and provides an example structure of a basic C++ program. Procedure oriented languages follow a top-down approach and focus on procedures while object oriented languages follow a bottom-up approach and focus on data. C++ supports features like classes, inheritance and polymorphism and has advantages like flexibility, portability and extensibility. It provides a standard template library and rich built-in functions.

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13 views2 pages

Chapter 1

The document discusses the differences between procedure oriented and object oriented programming languages, characteristics of object oriented languages, advantages and applications of C++, and provides an example structure of a basic C++ program. Procedure oriented languages follow a top-down approach and focus on procedures while object oriented languages follow a bottom-up approach and focus on data. C++ supports features like classes, inheritance and polymorphism and has advantages like flexibility, portability and extensibility. It provides a standard template library and rich built-in functions.

Uploaded by

wednesday262626
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1 :

1. Explain the difference between procedure oriented and object oriented


programming language.
->>>>Focus/Emphasis:
 POP: Focuses on procedures or algorithms .
 OOP: Focuses on Data.
Approach:
 POP: Follows top down approach in program design.
 OOP: Follows Bottom up approach in program design.
Division:
 POP: Large programs are divided into functions.
 OOP: Large programs are divided into Objects(entities).
Examples:
 POP: BASIC,C,COBOL,Pascal,Fortran
 OOP: C++,C#, Java and Python.
Reusability:
 POP: Limited code reuse.
 OOP: freely code reuse.

Security:
 POP: Data is less Secure.
 OOP: Data is More Secure and hidden.
Memory/storage space :
 POP: its memory requirement is less.
 OOP: its memory requirement is high.

2. Discuss the characteristics of Object Oriented languages.


->>>Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that
organizes code into objects, which are instances of classes, and allows for
the modeling of real-world entities and their interactions.

 Applications of OOPs.
 Real time systems
 Simulation and modeling
 Object oriented database
 Hypertext,Hypermedia and expertext
 AI and Expert system.
 Neural networks and parallel programming
 CIM/CAD/CAM systems.

3. Write the advantages / features and applications of C++.


->>>Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):C++ supports
object-oriented programming, feature includes classes, objects,
inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
 Simple: C++ is one of the most simple languages for
programmers to learn and use. It is also easy to understand and
learn as it originated from the C.

Portable:C++ is considered a machine-independent or portable language. it can be


run on
different machines.

 Flexibility: C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented programming


paradigms,
providing developers with flexibility.

 Extensible:C++ programs can easily be extended as it is very easy to add new


features into
the existing program.

 Standard Template Library (STL): C++ includes a powerful STL that provides a
collection of
template classes and functions, offering generic algorithms, containers, and
iterators .

 Rich Library:C++ provides a lot of inbuilt functions that make the development
fast.
Following are the libraries used in C++ programming are:<iostream>,
<cmath> ,<cstdlib>
,<fstream>.

 Structured programming language:C++ is a structured programming language. In this


we can divide the program into several parts using functions.

 Case Sensitive:C++ is a case-sensitive programming language. For example, cin is


used to
take input from the outputstream. But if the “Cin” won’t work.

4. Describe a structure of C++ program with example.


->>#include <iostream> // Preprocessor Directives &headerfile
using namespace std; // Namespace Declaration:
int main( ) // Main Function:
{

// Function Body:
cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
return 0; // Return 0 to indicate successful execution

}
Output:
Hello, World!

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