Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Cognitive Processes-II

Unit: II

Human Psychology &

Ms. Simran Kaur
Organizational Behavior
MBA Department

B.Tech VII Semester

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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Unit-2
 Index/Content
S. No. Index
1.
Name of Subject with code, Course and Subject Teacher

2.
Brief Introduction of Faculty member with Photograph

3. Evaluation Scheme
4. Syllabus
5. Branch wise Application
6. Course Objective(s)
7. Course Outcome(s)
8. Program Outcomes (POs)
9. COs and POs Mapping

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 Index/Content
S. No. Index
10. Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
11. Cos and PSOs Mapping
12. Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
13. End Semester Question paper Templates
14. Prequisite/Recap
15. Brief Indtroduction about the Subject with Videos
16. Unit Contents
17. Unit Objectives
18. Topic Objectives/Topic Outcome
19. Lecture related to topic

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 Index/Content
S. No. Index
20. Daily Quiz
21. Weekly Assignment
22. Topic Links
23. MCQs
24. Expected Questions
25. Recap of unit
26. References

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 Faculty Profile

Faculty Name: Ms. Simran Kaur

Designation: Assistant Professor
Department: MBA
Email ID: [email protected]
Qualification: UGC NET, JRF, MBA, PGDM
Specialisation: HR & Marketing
Research Area: OB
Total Experience:7+ years

Ms. Simran Kaur Human Psychology

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 Subject Syllabus

Course Contents / Syllabus

UNIT-I Introduction to Organisation Hours- 8
Behaviour
Introduction to OB , Definition, Nature and Scope – Environmental and organizational
context – Impact of globalization, Diversity, Ethics, culture. Importance of OB in
understanding Human Behaviour. Cognitive Processes,I: Perception and Attribution:
Nature and importance of Perception – Perceptual selectivity and organization , Social
perception – Attribution Theories ,Locus of control –Attribution Errors.
UNIT-II Dimensions of Human Behaviour Hours-8
and Psychology
Cognitive Processes,II: Personality and Attitudes, Personality as a continuum -
Meaning of personality , Johari Window and Transactional Analysis , Nature and
Dimension of Attitudes -Job satisfaction and organizational commitment, Motivational
needs and processes, Theories of Motivation

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 Subject Syllabus

UNIT-III Dynamics of OB –I Hours-8

Dynamics of OB –I ,Stress and Conflict: Meaning and types of stress
,Stress Management, Meaning and types of conflict , Effect of stress and
intra individual conflict , Conflict management.
UNIT-IV Dynamics of OB-II Hours-8
Dynamics of OB-II Power and Politics: Meaning and types of power –
empowerment , Groups Vs. Teams – Nature of groups – dynamics of
informal groups – dysfunctions of groups and teams – teams in modern
work place.
UNIT-V Leadership and Organisation Hours-8
Change.
High performance work practices , Behavioural performance management:
reinforcement and punishment as principles of Learning –Process of Behavioural
modification , Leadership theories , Styles, Activities and skills of Great leaders.
Organizational change , meaning, factors in Organizational change, process of
planned Change, Resistance to change.
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 Branch Wise Applications

This subject will help the students gain understanding of the functions
and responsibilities of managers. It shall provide students the tools and
techniques to be used in the performance of the managerial job. And will
also enable them to analyze and understand the complex human
behaviour at organization.

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 Course Objective

1 Understand the various dimensions of Human

psychology.
2 Familiarize students with the concept of
Organisation Behaviour.
3 Enable students to describe how people behave under
different conditions and understand why people behave
as they do.
4 To introduce students to the concepts of Team and
Organization change.

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 Course Outcome

Course outcome: At the end of course, the student will be able to

Understand the concept of Organization Knowledge (K2),
Behavior and human psychology in terms of Remembering (K1)
CO 1
the key factors that influence organizational
behavior.
Analyze and evaluate the behavior for Comprehending (K 3)
CO 2
enhancing individual and group performance.
Demonstrate the applicability of analyzing the Knowledge (K2),
CO 3 complexities associated with management of Applying (K4)
individual behavior in the organization.
CO 4 Analyze the complexities associated with Knowledge (K2),
management of the group behavior in the Analyzing (K5)
organization.
CO 5 Create the conducive work environment Applying (K4)
encompassing the theories of leadership and
change management.

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 Program Outcomes

• PO1 Engineering knowledge - Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems
• PO2 Problem analysis - Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences
• PO3 Design/development of solutions - Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations
• PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems - Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions
• PO5 Modern tool usage - Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering & IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations
• PO6 The engineer and society - Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice

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 Program Outcomes

• PO7 Environment and sustainability - Understand the impact of professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development
• PO8 Ethics - Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice
• PO9 Individual and team work - Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings
• PO10 Communication - Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions
• PO11 Project management and finance - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments
• PO12 Life-long learning - Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change

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 CO-PO Mapping
Mapping of course Outcome and program Outcomes

High=3,Medium =2 ,Low=1

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 Program Educational Objectives

Our graduates will be able to

•Pursue higher education and professional career to excel in
the field of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.
•Lead by example in innovative research and
entrepreneurial zeal for 21st century skills.
•Proactively provide innovative solutions for societal
problems to promote life-long learning.

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 Program Specific Objectives

Our graduates will be able to

•Design innovative intelligent systems for the welfare of
the people using machine learning and its applications.
•Demonstrate ethical, professional and team-oriented skills
while providing innovative solutions in Artificial
Intelligence and Machine Learning for life-long learning.

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 End Semester Question Paper Template

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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 End Semester Question Paper Template

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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Unit-2
 End Semester Question Paper Template

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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 Prerequisite

• Student should have a primary understanding of management

thought.
• Students should be having preliminary knowledge of planning.

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 Brief Introduction about the Subject

Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or

directing, and controlling an organization to accomplish a goal. It also
includes resourcing that encompasses the deployment and manipulation
of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and
natural resources. Organizational Behavior (OB) can be defined as the
understanding, prediction and management of human behavior both
individually or in a group that occur within an organization. Internal
and external perspectives are the two theories of how organizational
behavior can be viewed from an organization's point of view.

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 Subject Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_btNIdvEfo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx83q3mW0oo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXuj-Kj6_wE

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 Unit II Content
• Cognitive Processes II: Personality and Attitudes
• Personality as a continuum - Meaning of personality
• Nature and Dimension of Attitudes -Job satisfaction and
organizational commitment
• Johari Window
• Transactional Analysis
• Motivational needs and processes
• Theories of Motivation

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 Objectives of the Unit

The objectives of this unit are:

• To understand the cognitive processes : Personality, Attitude and

motivation
• To understand the importance of Personality in Organizational
Behavior
• To understand and apply Johari window and Transactional analysis
for interpersonal effectiveness
• To gain an understanding of Job related Attitudes
• To explain the different needs of employees that lead to motivation

Ms. Simran Kaur Human Psychology

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 Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Unit II Topic -1

Human Psychology &

Organizational Behavior
Ms. Simran Kaur
MBA
B.Tech VII Semester Department

Ms. Simran Kaur Human Psychology Unit-2

24
12/27/2023
 Topic Objective & Topic Outcome

S No Topic CO

1 Introduction to Personality CO 2

2 Types of Personality CO 2

3 Determinants of Personality CO 2

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 Meaning of Personality

• The word "personality" stems from the Latin word persona,

which refers to a theatrical mask worn by performers to play
roles or disguise their identities.
• Personality is the sum total of the ways in which an individual
reacts and interacts with others.
• Personality describes the unique patterns of thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors that distinguish a person from others. A product
of both biology and environment, it remains fairly consistent
throughout life.

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 Determinants of Individual Personality or Nature

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Unit-2
 Types of Personality

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 Trait Theory

Individual can be described in terms of construction

of traits such as affiliation, achievement, anxiety,
aggression and dependency.
Trait distinguishes one personality from another.
The traits and the amount of each trait that a person
has assumed to be stable fairly and the differences in
personality and behaviour between two individuals

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 Big 5 Personality traits

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 Daily Quiz

 The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s

distinctive character” is the definition of ____
a) Personality
b) Motivation
c) Attitude
d) Behaviour
 The family condition and impact of the parents is the main base for the
personality of a person. Later it might change by ________
a) thinking
b) external influences
c) own ability
d) learning experiences

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 Daily Quiz
 Every individual is ________ by their personality.
a) Intellectual
b) Specific
c) Unique
d) Systematic
 Outgoing, talkative, social are part of __________ Personality Trait as
per big 5 personality trait
a) Friendly
b) Openness to experience
c) Introversion
d) Extroversion

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 Youtube Video Links

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4fYtjb5-UA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB1FVbo8TSs
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGmfY2Hx0OQ

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Unit-2
 Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Attitude, Types, Components,

attitude formation and attitude
change.

Unit: II

Human Psychology & Ms. Simran Kaur

Organizational Behavior MBA
B.Tech VIII Semester Department

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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Unit-2
 Topic Mapping
S.No. Topic Course
Outcome
1 Meaning of Attitude, Types, Components, attitude CO2
formation and attitude change.

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 Meaning of Attitude

• Attitude is the way of thinking, feeling, behaving and opinion

by any person or people with regard to any person, thing,
situation or something around the particular object or event.

• An attitude is a positive, Negative and mixed assessment of an

individual or object, which is expressed at some level of
intensity. It is an expression of a favorable or unfavorable
assessment of a person, place, object or event.

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 Definition of Attitude

• Gordon Allport describe , "attitude is an approach towards

mental and neurological state, conducted through experience,
which enhances an instruction or dynamic effect on a person's
response to all objects and situations, with which it is related.

• Frank Freeman describe, "An attitude is a readiness to respond

to certain institutions, individuals, or objects in a coherent way
that has been learned and becomes a specific mode of
response.

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 Definition of Attitude

• According to Anastasi "attitude is a tendency to react

favorably or unfavorably to a specified class of stimuli, such
as a national or racial group, a practice or an institution."

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 Types of Attitudes:

Attitudes are of three types:

a. Positive:
• A favourable attitude—liking people, objects,
situation, etc.
b. Negative:
• An unfavourable attitude—does not like people/
objects, etc.
c. Neutral:
• Neither favourable nor unfavourable.

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 Attitude Formation

Some of the learned characteristics responsible for

attitude formation are:
Experiences
Perceptual biases
Observation of other person attitude
Association
Personality

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 Types of Attitude

• Job satisfaction is a person’s level of satisfaction with

their job. This feeling is mainly based on the
perception of satisfaction. A person with a high level
of job satisfaction has a positive attitude towards
work, while a person who is not satisfied with a job
has a negative attitude towards work.

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 Types of Attitude

• Job involvement refers to the degree to which a

person identifies (psychologically) with their job,
actively participates, and believes that their perceived
performance is important to self-esteem. Involvement
refers to the degree to which a person psychologically
identifies their work and is accounted for.

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 Types of Attitude

• Organization Commitment-The approach to work

ultimately reflects the commitment of the
organization. It is understood that we identify with
our organization and take pride in being its
employees. It is defined as a state in which an
employee identifies a specific organization and its
goals, and the organization wants to retain
membership.

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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 Components of Attitude
ABC

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Unit-2
 Attitude Change

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 Youtube Video Links

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ov6qIl4Qo14
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QCD8AHklew
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ah0q7XE6Tjg

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 Daily Quiz

 Attitude is defined as “a learned predisposition to respond in a consistently

________ with respect to a given object.”
A. favourable or unfavourable manner
B. favourable manner
C. unfavourable manner
D. None
 Attitudes affect _________ at a different level
A. Relations
B. Perception
C. Behaviour
D.None

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 Daily Quiz
 Stephen Robbins defined Job related attitudes in _________ ways
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five

 The foundation or base of the components of Job related attitudes is

______________
A. Job satisfaction
B. Individual Attitude
C. Job Performance
D. Behaviour

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 Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Johari window and Transactional

Analysis

Unit: II

Human Psychology & Ms. Simran Kaur

Organizational Behavior MBA
B.Tech VIII Semester Department

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

12/27/2023 Psychology 49
Unit-2
 Topic Mapping
S.No. Topic Course
Outcome
1 Johari window and Transactional Analysis. CO2

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 Transactional Analysis
• Developed by Canadian born US psychiatrist Eric Berne
during the late 1950s.
• Transactional Analysis (TA) is is a psychoanalytic theory and
method of therapy, developed by Eric Berne during the 1950s.
Transactions refer to the communication exchanges between
people.
• A model for explaining why and how:
– People think like they do
– People act like they do
– People interact/communicate with others

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 3 Ego States

• According to TA, we have three sides or 'ego-states' to our

personality – the Parent, Adult and Child ego states.
• An ego state is a way of us experiencing the world. It is an
entire system of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours from which
we interact with one another

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 3 Ego States
• Parent (rooted in the past) — Contains the attitudes, feelings,
and behavior incorporated from our parents (or any primary
caregiver).
• It involves responding as one of our parents would have:
saying what they would have said, feeling what they would
have felt, behaving how they would have behaved.

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 3 Ego States
• The Adult ego state operates in the here and now and
rationally processes what we are thinking and feeling, which is
based on facts without interference of unconscious
contamination.
• The Child Ego
• The Child ego state is not when we are acting childish, or what
others perceive as childish behaviour. It is how we behaved,
thought and felt, replayed out as we did as a child.

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 Types of transaction
• Complementary transactions- are when two
people's ego states are sympathetic or complementary
to one another.
• Example: A supervisor communicates in the parent-
to-child ego when he reprimands an employee for
being late. If the employee responds by apologizing
and saying it won't happen again, the employee is in
the child-to-parent ego state and the result is a
complementary transaction.

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 Types of transaction

• • Crossed transactions-
Crossed
transactions happen
when Person 1 says
something from one
ego state, and receives
a different response
than he/she is
expecting.

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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 Types of transaction

• • Crossed transactions-
Crossed
transactions happen
when Person 1 says
something from one
ego state, and receives
a different response
than he/she is
expecting.

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 Types of transaction

• • Ulterior Transactions
• In ulterior transactions two
messages are conveyed at the
same time — a social message
on top and the psychological
message at the bottom.

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 Johari Window

• Johari Window is a technique for improving self-

awareness within an individual.
• It helps in understanding your relationship with
yourself and others.
• It was developed by American psychologists Joseph
Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955, hence the name
Johari.
• Johari Window is generally used in exercises which
help a person to learn and discover things about
themselves, like heuristic exercise.

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 Johari Window

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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 Johari Window

• The ‘Johari’ window model is a convenient method used

to achieve this task of understanding and enhancing
communication between the members in a group.
• The Johari Window can help you and your team in three
main ways:
1. By building trust with others through sharing information
about yourself.
2. Improving your own self-awareness by discovering what
other people think about you, your strengths, and your
weaknesses - and comparing this feedback to the
perception you have yourself.
3. Improving communication and team interpersonal
relationships.

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 Johari Window

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 Youtube Video Links

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi4SvpAFRmY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdYo5jn29w4

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 Daily quiz
 Which one is NOT a pane of Johari Window model?
(a) blind spot
(b) unknown area
(c) hidden area
(d) changing area
 The unknown area of Johari Window is ___________.
(a) the same as the blind area.
(b) made up of private feelings & needs you don't want to share
(c) an area you need to enlarge in order to build friendships.
(d) an area that you don't know completely & never disappears.

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 Daily quiz
 Transactional analysis was the brainchild of:
(a) Thomas Harris
(b) Eric berne
(c) Muriel James
(d) Stephen robbins
 Transactional Analysis (TA) is related to.
(A) Learning.
(B) Attitudes.
(C) Perception.
(D) Personality

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 Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

Motivation- Process and Theories

Unit: II

Human Psychology & Ms. Simran Kaur

Organizational Behavior MBA
B.Tech VIII Semester Department

Ms. Simran Kaur Human

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Unit-2
 Topic Mapping
S.No. Topic Course
Outcome
1 Motivation- Process and theories CO2

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 Meaning of Motivation

• The term "motivation" describes why a person does something.

• It is the driving force behind human actions.
• Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains
goal-oriented behaviors.
• Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives, desires,
aspirations, strivings or needs direct, control or explain the
behavior of human beings”.
• Derived from the word “motive” .
• It is an inner state that activates ,energizes or moves an
individual ,his behavior towards goals.

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 Types of Motivation

The two main types of motivation are frequently described as

being either extrinsic or intrinsic.
• Extrinsic motivation arises from outside of the individual and
often involves external rewards such as trophies, money, social
recognition, or praise.
• Intrinsic motivation is internal and arises from within the
individual, such as doing a complicated crossword puzzle
purely for the gratification of solving a problem

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 Nature of Motivation

Internal feeling
Complex process
Continuous process
Dynamic process

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 Objectives of motivation

• Increase your efficiency as you work toward your goals

• Drive you to take action
• Encourage you to engage in health-oriented behaviors
• Help you avoid unhealthy or maladaptive behaviors, such
as risk-taking and addiction
• Help you feel more in control of your life
• Improve your overall well-being and happiness

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 Process of motivation

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 Theories of motivation

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 Maslow’s Theory of Motivation
PSBES

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 Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory

A research was conducted by Herzberg and his

associates based on the interview of 200 engineers and
accountants who worked for eleven different firms in
Pittsburgh area.

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 Self Determination Theory

• Self-determination theory is a theory of human motivation

and personality which suggests that people are able to
become self-determined when their needs for competence,
relatedness, and autonomy are fulfilled.
• The concept of intrinsic motivation, or engaging in activities
for the inherent rewards of the behavior itself, plays an
important role in self-determination theory.
• Self-determination theory grew out of the work of
psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan.

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 Self Determination Theory

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 Self Efficacy Theory

• Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as people's

beliefs in their capabilities to exercise control over their own
functioning and over events that affect their lives.
• Self-efficacy is the belief we have in our own abilities,
specifically our ability to meet the challenges ahead of us and
complete a task successfully
• Self-efficacy is essentially the belief in your own ability to
control your own behavior, emotions, and motivations.
• It is a belief that a person can solve a problem, reach a goal,
complete a task, and achieve what you set out to do.

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 Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

• The Expectancy Theory of Motivation attempts to explain why

people behave the way they do.
• The expectancy theory of motivation, or the expectancy
theory, is the belief that an individual
• chooses their behaviors based on what they believe leads to the
most beneficial outcome. This theory is dependent on how
much value a person places on different motivations. This
results in a decision they expect to give them the highest return
for their efforts.
• Expectancy Theory of Motivation was developed by Victor H.
Vroom in 1964 and extended by Porter and Lawler in 1968.

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 Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

1. Expectancy
Expectancy is the belief that if you work hard (effort) you will be
able to hit the targets (performance) that have been set for you by
your manager.
2. Instrumentality
In this variable, you’re assessing how likely you are to receive a
reward if you hit the targets that have been set for you.
3. Valence
The final piece of the motivation puzzle is valence. Valence is
simply the perceived value of the reward to you.

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 Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

• Within the theory there are three variables at play:

1. Expectancy. Effort -> Performance (E -> P)
2. Instrumentality. Performance -> Outcome (P -> O)
3. Valence. Outcome -> Reward (V(R))
• All three factors must be present to motivate employees
effectively.

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 Equity Theory

 The equity theory of motivation describes the relationship

between the employee’s perception of how fairly is he
being treated and how hard he is motivated to work.
 J. Stacy Adams developed equity theory.
 In the equity theory of motivation, employee’s motivation
depends on their perception of how fair is the
compensation and treatment for their work input.
 Equity Theory states that the employees perceive what
they get from a job situation (outcomes) about what they
put into it( inputs) and then compare their inputs- outcomes
ratio with the inputs- outcomes ratios of others.

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 Equity Theory

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 Reinforcement Theory

• Reinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by

BF Skinner and his associates.
• It states that individual’s behaviour is a function of its
consequences.
• It is based on “law of effect”, i.e, individual’s
behaviour with positive consequences tends to be
repeated, but individual’s behaviour with negative
consequences tends not to be repeated.

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 Reinforcement Theory

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 Reinforcement Theory

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 Daily Quiz
 _____ theory argues that behaviour is a function of its consequences.
a) Equity
b) Reinforcement
c) Goal-setting
d) Expectancy

 _____ focuses on core job attributes, critical psychological states, and expected
outcomes.
a. The equity model
b. The expectancy model
c. The two-factor model
d. The job characteristics model

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 Daily Quiz
 Which is NOT a dimension in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
a) Ego
b) Physiological
c) Safety
d) Esteem
 _____ theory argues that behaviour is a function of its consequences.
a) Equity
b) Reinforcement
c) Goal-setting
d) Expectancy
 Who has given the ERG theory of motivation?
a) Clayton Alderfer
b) David McClelland
c) Victor Vroom
d) Frederick Herzberg
e) Douglas McGregor
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 Daily Quiz
 Which of the following would be classified by Herzberg as a hygiene
factor?
a) Promotion
b) Personal growth
c) Achievement
d) Company policy

 Company policy, administration, supervision, interpersonal relations,

working conditions, and salary are characterized as:
a) Growth factors
b) Achievement factors
c) Hygiene factors
d) Motivating factors
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 Daily Quiz
 Who propounded the Need's Theory

a. Frederick Herzberg
b. Alderfer
c. Abraham Harold Maslow
d. None of the above

 The two factor theory is based on which factors?

a. Hygiene and behavioural

b. Safety and self - esteem
c. Self - actualisation and status quotient
d. None of the above

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 Youtube Video Links

• Youtube/other Video Links

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3aonvQQOt8
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCEuJxJH4qA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8s-IsB2p5c

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 Youtube Video Links

• Youtube/other Video Links

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3aonvQQOt8
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCEuJxJH4qA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8s-IsB2p5c

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 Weekly Assignment

• Discuss the different Ego states in Transactional

Analysis.
• Explain Johari window as a tool for interpersonal
effectiveness.
• Write a descriptive note on the process of Motivation.
• State the determinants of Personality.
• Explain the process of Attitude formation.

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 MCQ s

1. Major determinants of personality

a) Biological
b) Situation
c) Both (A) and (B)
d) None of the above
2. Mismatch between personality and organization may lead(s) to
a) Confusion and chaos
b) Loss of interest by members in organization
c) Low morale and job satisfaction
d) All of the above

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 MCQ s
3. __ in the year 1954 proposed the need Hierarchy theory of
Motivation.
a) Abraham Harold Maslow
b) Herzberg
c) Adam’s Equity Theory
d) None
4. According to ___ work effort in an organization is directed
towards behaviours that people believe will lead to desired
outcomes.
a) Expectancy Theory
b) Self Determination Theory
c) Maslow Theory
d) None

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 MCQ s
5. Which of the following would be classified by Herzberg as a hygiene
factor?
a) Promotion
b) Personal growth
c) Achievement
d) Company policy
e) Responsibility
6. Which among the following is correct expansion of ‘ERG’ in ERG
theory of motivation?
a) E – Existence, R – Religion, G – Growth
b) E – Experience, R – Related, G – Growth
c) E – Existence, R – Related, G – Growth
d) E – Existence, R – Requirement, G – Growth
e) E – Effectiveness, R – Related, G – Growth

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 MCQs
_____ is the set of forces that energize, direct, and sustain behavior.
7.

a. Motivation
b. Expectancy
c. Empowerment
d. Socialization

8. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes all of the following

categories EXCEPT _____.
a. safety
b. growth
c. physiological
d. self actualization

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 SessionalQuestion Papers

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 SessionalQuestion Papers

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 SessionalQuestion Papers

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 Expected Questions for University Exam

• Define Motivation. Explain traditional theories of motivation.

• Discuss how many factors are there in Herzberg theory of motivation.
• Explain each level in Maslow’s need theory.
• State and explain any one contemporary theory of Motivation.
• Enlist the factors in Expectancy theory.
• Discuss Equity theory.
• Explain the different types of transactions and ego states in transactional
analysis.
• Explain the different types of Attitudes.
• Explain the concept of Attitude and its formation in detail.
• Define Personality.
• State the determinants of Personality.
• Differentiate between Type A and Type B personality.
• Discuss the concept of Johari Window.

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 Recap of the Unit

• Two words attitude and personality are used interchangeably

but there is a key difference between these two
words. Personality is basically a combination of quality or the
characteristic of any individual. On other hands, attitude refers
to a way of thinking, belief or an emotion of an individual.
• Motivation is essentially the underlying drive of individuals to
accomplish tasks and goals. There are many factors that can
influence employee motivation including organizational
structure, integrity of company operations, and company
culture.

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 References

1.Koontz Harold, Weihrich Heinz& Mark V. Cannice – Essentials of

management (Tata McGraw Hill, 11thEdition,2020)
2. Robbins Stephen P& Judge Timothy A. ―Organizational Behaviour
(Pearson)
3. Robbins &Coulter :Management (Pearson, 14th Edition, 2019)
4. Pareek Udai :Understanding Organizational Behaviour, (Oxford
University Press, 4th Edition, 2016)
5.Luthans Fred : Organizational Behaviour, (McGraw Hill International
Edition, 12th Edition,2013)
6. Prasad L. M. : Principles and Practices of Management,
(SultanChand& Sons, 9th edition,2016)

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