EVALUATING THE RESILIENCY OF LEVEL IV BSN STUDENTS A.Y.

2023-2024 OF THE

ATENEO DE ZAMBOANGA UNIVERSITY IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS FOR

EARTHQUAKES

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL PRESENTED

TO THE
COLLEGE OF NURSING, ATENEO DE ZAMBOANGA UNIVERSITY
ZAMBOANGA CITY, PHILIPPINES

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NURSING
CARE MANAGEMENT 121j

BY:
ABDULAJID, AL-LAJID H.
BERSAMIN, RACELL M.
GADOR, REUBEN S.
LUIS, RACHELLE ANNE L.
REARIO, FEBELYN D.
VILLAFLOR, AL-HAMEED U.

APRIL 2024
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

In the face of increasing events of natural disasters, especially earthquakes, it has become

vital for educational institutions to equip their students with the necessary knowledge, abilities,

and resilience to effectively react to such emergencies. This is particularly true for Bachelor of

Science in Nursing (BSN) students, who are often on the front lines of healthcare delivery during

times of emergency. As such, evaluating the resiliency of Level IV BSN students at Ateneo de

Zamboanga University in disaster preparedness for earthquakes is vital to ensuring the safety and

well-being of both students and the communities they serve.

The Philippines, situated inside the Pacific Ring of Fire, is highly susceptible to seismic

activities, making earthquakes a prevalent threat to the region. Given this reality, educational

institutions like Ateneo de Zamboanga University have a responsibility to prepare their students

for potential disasters. The Level IV BSN students, nearing the completion of their studies, are

molded to enter the healthcare workforce and may discover themselves at the forefront of

emergency response efforts.

Building upon foundational knowledge acquired throughout their academic journey, these

students must possess a comprehensive understanding of disaster readiness specific to

earthquakes. This includes knowledge of evacuation procedures, first aid techniques, triage

protocols, and the capacity to remain calm and composed under pressure. Furthermore,

resilience, defined as the capacity to adapt and bounce back from difficulty, is an essential trait

for healthcare professionals working in high-stress environments. However, the efficacy of

disaster preparedness programs within academic settings is unpredicted upon their ability to

adequately assess and address the needs of students. Therefore, conducting a thorough evaluation

of the resiliency of Level IV BSN students at Ateneo de Zamboanga College in disaster

preparedness for earthquakes is important.

Review of Literature

Disaster Education and Public Awareness

To minimize casualties and damage to critical infrastructure during disasters, educating the

public about disaster response measures is crucial. Alongside this, it’s equally important to ignite

a passion for disaster resilience in our youth. By doing so, we ensure that our knowledge is

passed down to future generations. It aims to increase the understanding of risks through disaster

preparedness training. It is an awareness process to increase their ability to save themselves. This

awareness process is useful for everyone to understand the risks, to cope with the threats, and to

develop community resilience (H. Sofyana, 2024). Disasters occur all too frequently, taking the

form of floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, fires, terrorism, and nuclear and hazardous material

accidents. These emergency situations can result in great loss of life and property (J. Ford, 2000).

Preparing for disasters saves countless lives, speeds up people's recovery and availability of

resources.

Challenges and Interventions

Floods and other natural calamities can jeopardize water supply infrastructure, polluting the

water and rendering it unfit for human consumption. The lack of clean water can swiftly spiral

out of control and turn into a humanitarian crisis, causing diseases that are carried through the
water and making the situation even more dire. To mitigate these risks, a robust water supply and

treatment infrastructure is essential. Communication systems are also essential in emergency

situations as it affects the distribution of information and other individuals who are in need of

help. Damage to transportation networks, such as: roads, bridges and railways are crucial as

these networks can severely impede disaster response efforts and slow down recovery (EIS,

2009).

Roles of a Nursing Student

During times of disaster, the front-line nursing workforce and the health services in which

they work may be overwhelmed by a surge in patient demand. As a result, assistance will be

required to bolster the nursing workforce (L. Cusack, 2010). Nursing students can assist with

triaging patients which also involves assessing the severity of injuries or illnesses and

categorizing them based on the START method. Provide assistance in evaluating those departing

disaster-affected areas do so in a safe manner. This can mean providing emotional support,

assisting with transportation, and ensuring the safety of evacuees (JL. Flaubert, 2021).

Nursing Students' Competency in Disaster Situations

In the study of Keviani, et al.(2020), nurses’ disaster preparedness is essential in ensuring

effective response in healthcare settings, especially during emergencies that need systematic and

collaborative action. Despite the critical significance of education and training in nursing

practice, disaster nursing education is limited in Iran. Given that disasters frequently overwhelm

healthcare systems, nursing students may be asked to assist with response activities alongside

their colleagues. The researchers used a descriptive, analytical approach to assess nursing
students' ability in disaster situations. The study included 70 fourth-year undergraduate nursing

students selected using a census sampling method. The data was collected using a validated

disaster competency assessment questionnaire, and statistical analysis. Results indicated a low

level of preparedness among nursing students for disaster situations, highlighting significant gaps

in their readiness. This underscores the urgent need for disaster-related training and educational

initiatives to enhance nursing students' skills and address deficiencies in disaster nursing

education.

The Effectiveness of Disaster Education for Undergraduate Nursing Students

The study by Hung, et al.(2020), examines the effectiveness of disaster management training

for undergraduate nursing students in Hong Kong. It evaluates the process by which a 45-hour

training session impacts students' knowledge, desire, and perceived ability to respond to

disasters. The researchers used pre- and post-intervention comparisons, as well as qualitative

interviews, to assess the effectiveness of the training session. A total of 157 nursing students

took part in the study, with pre- and post-intervention surveys. The results revealed considerable

gains in students' catastrophe knowledge and perceived abilities, but no change in their readiness

to respond to disasters. Qualitative interviews revealed concerns about personal risk perceptions,

situational circumstances, and organizational support, all of which may influence students' desire

to participate in disaster relief efforts. The evaluation emphasizes the need to include disaster

training in the nursing education curriculum. It emphasizes the need of government and

healthcare organizations implementing policies and providing assistance to resolve problems and

increase nursing professionals' willingness.

Preparedness and Resilience of Student Nurses for Disasters

Grimes et al. (2020) conducted research on the disaster preparedness and resilience of student

nurses in Northern Queensland, Australia. Since nurses play important roles in disaster response,

less is understood about student nurses' readiness. The study assessed disaster preparedness and

resilience in a sample of 66 James Cook University second and third year nursing students. The

study used the Disaster readiness and Evaluation Tool and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale

to assess nursing students' disaster readiness and resilience. Surveys were utilized to gather data

on participants' knowledge, willingness, and resilience in disaster preparation and response. The

findings show a lack of awareness of disaster preparedness among student nurses, despite their

willingness to help and limited involvement in disaster situations. Resilience scores were

comparable to previous studies, however there was no link between disaster preparedness and

resilience. Understanding student nurses' readiness and resilience is critical for successful

disaster response and community welfare. Targeted education and training in nursing

programmes can better equip students to contribute to disaster relief operations and improve

overall community resilience.

Synthesis

In the Review of Literature, the researchers had found studies which were related to the

topic of this study. Disaster education and public awareness play critical parts in minimizing

casualties and damage to critical infrastructure during disasters. Sofyana (2024) emphasizes the

significance of educating the public about disaster response measures to increase understanding

of risks and develop community resilience. Disasters, ranging from floods to terrorism, can result

in significant loss of life and property (Ford, 2000). Preparedness is key to saving lives,
accelerating recovery, and ensuring the availability of resources. Challenges in disaster response,

such as compromised water supply infrastructure and damaged communication and

transportation systems, highlight the need for robust intervention strategies (EIS, 2009). To

mitigate these risks, a multifaceted approach involving the foundation of robust water treatment

infrastructure, effective communication systems, and the maintenance of transportation systems

is essential. Nursing students play crucial roles in disaster response efforts, particularly during

times when the front-line nursing workforce may be overwhelmed (Cusack, 2010). They can

help with patient triage, emotional support, transportation, and ensuring the safety of evacuees

(Flaubert, 2021). However, Keviani et al. (2020) found significant gaps in nursing students'

disaster preparedness, showing the need for training and educational initiatives to improve their

skills. Hung et al. (2020) evaluated the effectiveness of disaster management training for

undergraduate nursing students, revealing gains in catastrophe knowledge and perceived

capacities but no significant change in readiness to respond to disasters. Grimes et al. (2020)

further emphasized the importance of targeted education and training in nursing programs to

better prepare students for disaster relief operations and improve overall community resilience.

Understanding student nurses' readiness and resilience is critical for effective disaster response

and community welfare.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the resiliency of Level IV BSN students S.Y 2023-2024 in

Ateneo De Zamboanga University in disaster preparedness to earthquake.

Specifically, it would answer the following questions:

 1. What is the baseline knowledge of Level IV Nursing students in Ateneo de Zamboanga

University regarding earthquakes, including their causes, effects, and appropriate

responses?

2. What are the perceptions of Level IV nursing students regarding the importance of

disaster preparedness, particularly in the context of Earthquake.

3. What training or educational initiatives related to earthquake preparedness have Level IV

nursing students undergone during their academic time?

4. What strategies can be implemented to enhance the resiliency and preparedness of Level

IV nursing students in Ateneo De Zamboanga University in responding to earthquakes.

Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework:

Figure. 1

This framework (Figure. 1) demonstrates how phenomenological events correlated in

nursing students, like earthquakes, may adapt and overcome difficulty. Resilience in the context

of disaster preparedness refers to both the capacity for successful pre-planning as well as the
ability to cope during and after disasters. This can be used to evaluate the elements, such as

resource availability, social support systems, coping mechanisms, and past disaster experiences

that contribute to level IV - BSN students' resilience in earthquake preparedness.

Hypothesis/Assumption

In connection to the study, “Evaluating the Resiliency of Level IV BSN Students of A.Y.

2023-2024 of The Ateneo de Zamboanga University in Disaster Preparedness for Earthquakes”,

the researchers state the following hypothesis:

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the baseline knowledge of Level IV

Nursing students in Ateneo De Zamboanga University regarding earthquakes and their

perceptions of the importance of disaster preparedness, the training or educational

initiatives related to earthquake preparedness they have undergone during their academic

time, and the strategies that can be implemented to enhance their resiliency and

preparedness in responding to earthquakes.

Alternative Hypothesis

There is a significant relationship between the baseline knowledge of Level IV

Nursing students in Ateneo De Zamboanga University regarding earthquakes and their

perceptions of the importance of disaster preparedness, the training or educational

initiatives related to earthquake preparedness they have undergone during their academic
 time, and the strategies that can be implemented to enhance their resiliency and

preparedness in responding to earthquakes.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focuses on evaluating the resiliency of the level IV BSN Students in Disaster

Preparedness to Earthquake. It will be conducted at the Ateneo de Zamboanga University A.Y

2023-2024.

The study is delimited to the Bachelor of Science in Nursing Level IV students and may not

reflect the entire population of Ateneo de Zamboanga University.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following:

Nursing students

This study would help them ensure their readiness in handling disasters safely, strengthen

their ability and help them develop the skills needed to assist communities during emergencies.

School administrators and staff

This study can help the administrators identify gaps in the school curriculum related to

disaster preparedness. This can lead to improvements in course content, training, and practical

exercises for better preparing nursing students to handle earthquakes and other emergencies.

Parents

Understanding the level of resiliency of nursing students for earthquakes provides parents

with assurance that their children are equipped to handle emergencies effectively and safely.
Future Researchers

The result of this study would provide the future researchers who intend to work along in

this field with information that can be used as a reference point for comparison in their own

research study.

Definition of Terms

Disaster - Disasters represent substantial disruptions that surpass a community's capacity to

handle using its own resources. They can arise from natural phenomena, human activities, or

technological mishaps, influenced by various factors influencing a community's vulnerability and

exposure (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, n.d.). In the context

of this research, a disaster is characterized as an abrupt and consequential occurrence,

particularly an earthquake, leading to extensive disruption, destruction, and adversity within the

impacted community. This encompasses damage to infrastructure, deprivation of vital services,

displacement of residents, injuries, and loss of life.

Earthquake - According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, an

earthquake occurs when there is sudden movement of rock materials beneath the earth's surface,

resulting in varying degrees of shaking, ranging from mild to intense .

Resilience - Resilience is a broad concept encompassing various strategies by which a system

responds to external pressures, significant disruptions, and unfamiliar circumstances (Galzote &

Castino, 2023). In the context of this study, resilience pertains to the capability of Level IV

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students at Ateneo De Zamboanga University to adeptly

adapt and recover from the consequences of earthquakes. It involves the students' capacity to

endure and recover from the physical, emotional, and psychological challenges posed by

earthquake occurrences. This encompasses their ability to uphold their well-being, manage stress

and adversity, and sustain effective functioning despite the disruption or challenges brought

about by earthquakes.

Level of Resiliency - The degree of resilience pertains to the capacity of Level IV Bachelor of

Science in Nursing (BSN) students at Ateneo De Zamboanga University to adjust and bounce

back from the impacts of earthquakes.

Preparedness - In the context of the planned research, preparedness denotes the readiness and

ability of the participants to adequately react to earthquakes. Preparedness involves the

comprehension, skills, attitudes, and resources essential for students to identify, comprehend, and

respond suitably to earthquake-related risks. This includes understanding the consequences of

earthquakes, familiarizing oneself with safety procedures and response protocols, and having

access to effective and appropriate training and educational programs.

 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

A descriptive research design will be utilized in this study. Descriptive research explains what

is known and can lead to the discovery of new information and insights. The purpose of

descriptive design is to observe, describe and document aspects of a situation as it occurs. This

research design was chosen by the researchers because it allows the Level IV nursing students of

Ateneo de Zamboanga University to systematically gather and analyze data to paint a clear

picture of the resilience levels and disaster preparedness facilitating informed decision-making

and the development of effective interventions. This entails gathering information that will serve

as a description of each individual.

In addition, this study is very helpful when trying to understand a phenomenon in its natural

environment without changing any variables. Data will be gathered through survey

questionnaires on various aspects of resilience levels and preparedness, the challenges they face,

and the effectiveness of existing training strategies. This allows the researchers to gain a deeper

understanding of the phenomenon and identify potential areas for further investigation and can

develop targeted interventions to enhance their skills and readiness for future challenges. Data

for this study will be gathered by personally distributing survey questionnaires to research

participants and will not attempt any experimental manipulation.

Population and Sampling

The respondents of the study will be composed of level four, nursing students, of the Ateneo

de Zamboanga University, with a total population of 330 students. To obtain the number of

respondents, the researchers will utilize a sampling method which is the Slovin’s Formula.

Slovin’s Formula

n = N/ [1+N(e) ²]

Where,

n = sample size N = total population e = level of significance (5%)

n= 330/ 1 + 331 (0.05)² n= 330/ 1.83 n= 180.33 = 180

Thus, 18 students per section will be selected randomly using simple random sampling as

sample size of each selection.

Sections Population Sample Size

A 33 18

B 33 18

C 33 18

D 33 18

E 33 18

F 33 18

G 33 18

H 33 18

I 33 18

J 33 18

N = 330 n = 180
Table 1. Population and Sampling of the Respondents
Participants of The Study

Participants of this research study are from the student population of the College of

Nursing at Ateneo de Zamboanga University. There are currently 330 Level IV nursing students

enrolled in the said course. The researchers would take approximately 180 respondents who are

limited to only Level IV Nursing Students of Ateneo de Zamboanga University. The study would

focus on Evaluating the Resiliency of Level IV BSN Students, Academic Year 2023-2024 of the

AdZU in Disaster Preparedness for Earthquakes within this population, through a survey form.

Research Instrument:

In gathering data we used survey questionnaire contains the profile of the respondents such as the

age, grade level and sex, the part two of the questionnaire contains questions regarding on their

beliefs and attitudes towards earthquake preparedness, previous experience and training in

disaster preparedness, the respondents would be answering 10 questions with five options,

numbered and described: guarantee that it measures the intended constructs accurately, the

instrument needs to go through validation procedures. To make sure the instrument is

dependable, test-retest reliability and internal consistency (such as Cronbach's alpha) should be

evaluated.

Validation of Instrument

The validity of an instrument is the degree to which an instrument measures what is intended

to measure (Polit&Hungster, 1933). The research instrument was developed based on research.

the literature and problems of the study. The research instrument was presented to the research
adviser for suggestions and improvements and after that it was also presented to the panel of

experts for validation.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers presented a letter of approval to the Dean of Nursing or Coordinator to

request permission to conduct a study on Level IV BSN students of Ateneo De Zamboanga

University. The questions made by the researchers will be subjected to a validity test to ensure

that the data gathered from the respondents is accurate. A panel of at least three (3) research field

specialists will validate the questionnaires.

After the questionnaires are approved by the specialists, the researchers will inform the

respondents about the purpose of the study and emphasize that their identity and privacy will be

ensured and their answers will remain confidential to others. The respondents of each section of

the Level IV BSN students for S.Y 2023-2024 will receive a Google form from their AdZU

email to answer the following questions. They will be given 5 to 10 minutes to answer the given

questions.

Once the respondents have answered the questionnaire, the researcher will collect and tally

the data for discussion and interpretation. Based on the data, the researcher will come up with

conclusions and recommendations for the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the characteristics of the data. Measures such

as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and frequency distributions will be calculated to

provide an overview of the baseline knowledge of earthquakes, perceptions of disaster

preparedness, training initiatives attended, and suggested strategies for enhancing resilience

among Level IV BSN students.

In the proposed study, two statistical analysis techniques will be employed to analyze the data

collected. Correlation analysis, specifically the Pearson correlation, will assess the relationship

between continuous variables, such as perceptions of disaster preparedness and knowledge levels

about earthquakes. Lastly, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will compare means across multiple

groups, allowing for the comparison of knowledge levels or perceptions among students who

have undergone different types of training, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of various

training initiatives. These statistical techniques provide a comprehensive framework for

analyzing the data and addressing the research questions effectively.

Ethical Consideration

It is crucial to guarantee ethical concerns in research involving human subjects in order to

maintain their safety, rights, and dignity. When doing research on assessing the earthquake

preparedness of Level IV BSN students at Ateneo de Zamboanga University, researchers should

keep the following ethical factors in consideration. Such as ensuring that every participant has

given their informed consent and is aware of the research's objective, potential risks and benefits,

and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without facing repercussions. Integrity and

Honesty: Perform research in a transparent, honest, and ethical manner. Keep clear of plagiarism,

fabrication, falsification, and other academic misconduct.

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 APPENDIX A

Survey Questionnaire

Demographic Profile

Name: (Optional) Age:

Year Level & Section: Gender:

1. How would you rate your current level of knowledge about earthquakes, including their

causes, effects, and appropriate responses?

1: Very low knowledge

2: Low knowledge

3: Moderate knowledge

4: High knowledge

5: Very high knowledge

2. Please rate your perception of the importance of disaster preparedness, particularly in the

context of earthquakes.

1: Not important at all

2: Slightly important

3: Moderately important

4: Important

5: Very important

3. On a scale of 1 to 5, how concerned are you about the potential impact of earthquakes on

your community?

1: Not concerned at all

2: Slightly concerned
 3: Moderately concerned

4: Very concerned

5: Extremely concerned

4. How effective do you perceive the earthquake preparedness training or education you

have received to be?

1: Not effective at all

2: Slightly effective

3: Moderately effective

4: Very effective

5: Extremely effective

5. How confident are you in your ability to respond effectively in the event of an

earthquake?

1: Not confident at all

2: Slightly confident

3: Moderately confident

4: Very confident

5: Extremely confident

6. Please rate the level of disaster preparedness initiatives implemented by your academic

institution in relation to earthquakes.

1: Very poor

2: Poor

3: Fair

4: Good
 5: Excellent

7. How satisfied are you with the earthquake preparedness training or education provided by

your academic institution?

1: Very dissatisfied

2: Dissatisfied

3: Neutral

4: Satisfied

5: Very satisfied

8. On a scale of 1 to 5, how likely are you to actively participate in earthquake preparedness

initiatives in your community?

1: Very unlikely

2: Unlikely

3: Neutral

4: Likely

5: Very likely

9. Please rate your perception of the current level of community readiness for earthquakes.

1: Not ready at all

2: Slightly ready

3: Moderately ready

4: Very ready

5: Extremely ready

10. How effective do you perceive your own contributions to earthquake preparedness efforts

in your community to be?

1: Not effective at all

2: Slightly effective

3: Moderately effective

4: Very effective

5: Extremely effective