Scribd
Upload
41 views27 pages

Unit 6

The document discusses expert systems, which are designed to solve real problems that normally require human experts. It describes the components, characteristics, capabilities, development process, and limitations of expert systems.

Uploaded by

khatuaryan16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views27 pages

Unit 6

The document discusses expert systems, which are designed to solve real problems that normally require human experts. It describes the components, characteristics, capabilities, development process, and limitations of expert systems.

Uploaded by

khatuaryan16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

EXPERT SYSTEMS

Artificial
intelligence

Vision Learning
systems systems

Robotics
Expert systems

Neural networks
Natural language
processing
EXPERT SYSTEMS
Expert systems are designed to solve real
problems in a particular domain that
normally would require a human expert. It
can solve many types of problems
Developing an expert system involves
extracting relevant knowledge from
human experts in the area of problem,
called domain experts.
Components of Expert System
Knowledge acquisition facility
Knowledge base
Knowledge-based management system
Inference engine,
Work space
Explanation facility
Reasoning capability and ,
User interface.
Characteristics of ES

Expert system is capable of handling


challenging decision problems and
delivering solutions.
Expert system uses knowledge rather than
data for solution. Much of the knowledge
is heuristic- based rather than algorithmic.
Expert system has the capability to explain
how the decision was made.
Characteristics contd…
Can…
Explain their reasoning or suggested decisions
Display intelligent behavior
Draw conclusions from complex relationships
Provide portable knowledge
Expert system shell
A collection of software packages and tools used
to develop expert systems
Limitations of Expert Systems
Not widely usedor tested
Limited to relatively narrow problems
Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge
Possibility of error
Cannot refine own knowledge base
Difficult to maintain
May havehigh development costs
Raiselegal andethical concerns
Capabilities of Expert Systems
Strategic goal setting Explore impact of strategic goals

Planning Impact of plans on resources

Integrate general design principles and


Design
manufacturing limitations

Decision making Provide advise on decisions

Monitor quality and assist in finding solutions


Quality control and monitoring

Look for causes and suggest solutions


Diagnosis
Components of Expert System
Fuzzy logic
A specialty research area in computer science that allows shades
of gray and does not require everything to be simply yes/no, or
true/false
Backward chaining
A method of reasoning that starts with conclusions andworks
backward to the supporting facts
Forward chaining
A method of reasoning that starts with the facts andworks
forward to the conclusions
Explanation Inference
facility engine

Knowledge
Knowledge base User
base acquisition interface
facility

Experts User
Rules for a Credit Application
Mortgage application for a loan for Rs.100,000 to Rs.200,000

If there are no previous credits problems, and


If month net income is greater than 4x monthly loan payment, and
If down payment is 15% of total value of property, and
If net income of borrower is > Rs.25,000, and
If employment is > 3 years at same company

Then accept the applications

Else check other credit rules


Explanation Facility

A part of the expert systemthat allows auser or decision maker to


understand how the expert systemarrived at certain conclusions or
results
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Knowledge acquisition facility
Provides a convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all
components of the knowledge base

Knowledge
Knowledge acquisition
base facility

Expert
Expert Systems Development

Determining requirements

Identifying experts
Domain
Construct expert system components • The area of knowledge
addressed by the
expert system.
Implementing results

Maintaining and reviewing system


Participants in Expert Systems
Development and Use
Domain expert
The individual or group whose expertise and knowledge is
captured for use in an expert system
Knowledge user
The individual or group who uses and benefits from the expert
system
Knowledge engineer
Someone trained or experienced in the design, development,
implementation, and maintenance of an expert system
Expert
system

Knowledge
Domain expert engineer Knowledge user
Evolution of Expert Systems
Software
Expert system shell
Collection of software packages &tools to design, develop,
implement, and maintain expert systems

high Expert system


shells
Ease of use

Special and 4th


generation
Traditional
languages
programming
languages
low
Before 1980 1980s 1990s
Limitations of Expert Systems
Not widely used or tested
Limited to relatively narrow problems
Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge
Possibility of error
Cannot refine own knowledge base
Difficult to maintain
May have high development costs
Raise legal and ethical concerns
When to Develop an ES?
The problem cannot be specified in terms of a
well-defined algorithm.
The problem requires consistency and
standardization.
The domain or problem area is narrow or
limited.
When the task is hazardous.
There is scarcity of experts in the area.
The problem involves complex logic or a large
number of rules.
Human experts have successfully solved similar
problems
Advantages of ES
It enhances decision quality.
It reduces the cost of consulting experts for
problem solving.
It provides quick and efficient solutions to
problems in narrow area of specialization.
It offers high reliability of expert suggestions or
decisions.
It gathers scarce expertise and uses it efficiently.
Advant ages of ES cont d…
It can tackle very complex problems that are
difficult for human experts to solve.
It can work on standard computer hardware.
It can not only give solutions, but also the
decision logic and how the solution was arrived
at.
Limitations of ES
The knowledge base may not be complete
Each problem is different. Hence the solution from a human
expert too may be different
Expensive to build and maintain
Takes long time to develop and fine tune ES
Large ESis difficult to build and maintain

You might also like