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NET+ Guide

The document provides information about networking topics including common connection types, Ethernet standards, the OSI model layers, networking protocols and ports, IP addressing fundamentals, and RAID levels. Key details are given for T1/E1, T3/E3, Ethernet speeds, OSI layers, common network protocols, IP classes, subnetting, and RAID types.

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35 views

NET+ Guide

The document provides information about networking topics including common connection types, Ethernet standards, the OSI model layers, networking protocols and ports, IP addressing fundamentals, and RAID levels. Key details are given for T1/E1, T3/E3, Ethernet speeds, OSI layers, common network protocols, IP classes, subnetting, and RAID types.

Uploaded by

deserki20
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© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 8

NET+ 10-006 Memorization Guide

Devote this information to Memory

T-1/E-1
A T-1 provides for 1.54 Mbps of dedicated bandwidth for the customer. This bandwidth can be used
in total or divided up into as many as 24 channels.
In Europe, they use a very similar connection called an E-1.

T-3/E-3
A T-3 line in the United States or an E-3 line in Europe and much of the rest of the world.
A T-3 provides for 672 DS0s, or the equivalent of 28 T-1s or 44.736 Mbps! It is sometimes also
referred to as a DS3.
An E-3 provides for the equivalent of 512 DS0s, or approximately 17 E-1s or 34.368 Mbps.
10 Mbit/s Ethernet
• 10BASE-2 - Coax / “Thinnet” over RG-58A/U, 185 meters
• 10BASE-T - Twisted pair copper, 100 meters
100 Mbit/s Ethernet
• 100BASE-TX - Category 5 twisted pair, 100 meters
• 100BASE-FX - Multimode fiber (2 km), Single-mode fiber (over 2 km)
1000 Mbit/s (1 Gbit/s) Ethernet
• 1000BASE-T - Category 5/5e, uses all pairs, 100 meters
• 1000BASE-TX - Category 5/5e, uses two pair, 100 meters - rarely seen
• 1000BASE-LX - Long wavelength fiber, over 5 kilometers
• 1000BASE-SX - Short wavelength fiber, 550 meter distance
10 Gbit/s Ethernet
• 10GBASE-T - Cat 6 (55 meters), Cat 6a (100 meters)
• 10GBASE-SR (Short Range) - Multimode fiber, 300 meters
• 10GBASE-ER (Extended Range) - Single-mode fiber, 40 km
• 10GBASE-SW - 10 gigabit Ethernet over SONET and SDH
IEEE 1905.1 - Networking ubiquity for the home
• 802.11 wireless, power-line networks, Ethernet, and MoCA
• Power-line communication (PLC) - IEEE 1901 - 500 Mbit/s
Ethernet over HDMI
• HEC - HDMI Ethernet Channel, 100 Mbit/s Ethernet
• Part of the HDMI specification
OSI Layer Name Devices used Actions

7 Application User Protocols


FTP, HTTP,
SMTP, SSH,
TFTP, HTTPS • There are 7 steps to the
6 Presentation Translates, the IT community CISC
encrypts (DE), • Step 1: Identify the P
compression • Step 2: Establish Th
(DE), SSL/TLS – Step 2 has 2 sub
5 Session Q of S ,establish, – Step 3: Test th
maintain, end – Step 3 has 2 sub
session – Step 4: Establi
4 Transport Firewall, SEGMENTS Potential Effec
TCP/UDP, flow • Step 5: Implement t
control • Step 6: Verify Full S
3 Network Router, ARP PACKETS Measures
tables, IP • Step 7: Document Fi
Addresses
2 Data Switch, L2TP, FRAMES
MAC Addressing,
(Spanning Tree
Protocol)STP
1 Physical HUB, NIC, BITS
Cabling
7 Echo RADIUS- Remote Authentication Dial in User Service / uses UDP as a transport
15 NETSTAT Authenticates, Authorizes, Audits only the password is encrypted
19 CHARGEN
20 FTP Data TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System/ Uses TCP as a
21 FTP Control transport authenticates and authorizes (Cisco Proprietary)
22 SSH, SCP, SFTP
23 Telnet TACACS+ AAA- uses TCP as a transport Authenticates, Authorizes Full encryption
25 SMTP of data, Audits
49 TACACS+
53 DNS RADIUS and TACACS+ are known as AAA servers
67 DHCP/TCP
68 DHCP/UDP THEY ARE THE ONLY AAA SERVERS
69 TFTP
IP Class of Networks
80 HTTP
88 KERBEROS A- 1.x.x.x - 126.x.x.x Subnet 255.x.x.x
110 POP3 10.x.x.x-10.255.x.x. Private
119 NNTP 127.0.x.x Loop back
123 NTP B- 128.x.x.x- 191.x.x.x Subnet 255.255.x.x
137 Netbios Name 172.16.x.x -172.31.255.255 Private
138 Netbios Datagram C- 192.x.x.x-223.x.x.x Subnet 255.255.255.x
139 NetBios Session 192.168.x.x – 192.168.255.255 Private
143 IMAP4
169.254.x.x APIPA
161 SNMP
162 SNMP Trap
389 LDAP DNS Records
443 SSL/ HTTPS A= IPV4 address resolved to hostname
1701 L2TP AAAA= IPV6 (128 bit) address resolved to hostname
1723 PPTP
MX record= Mail Exchange to Domain Name DNS server
1812 RADIUS
3389 RDP CNAME= Canonical name to alias
Pointer= Points IP address to Canonical Name
Bits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
borrowed=N

Subnet 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255


mask
Block Size 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
# Hosts
# Networks 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
2^N-2
CIDR 1st /1 /2 /3 /4 /5 /6 /7 /8
Octet
2nd /9 /10 /11 /12 /13 /14 /15 /16

3rd /17 /18 /19 /20 /21 /22 /23 /24

4th /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30 /31 /32

RAID
Raid 0- Striping/ Min 2 disks/ Fault tolerance NO
Raid 1-Mirroring/ Min 2 disks/ Fault tolerance YES
Raid 5- Striping with Parity/ Min 3 disks/ Fault tolerance YES
Raid 6 – Striping with Dual Parity / MIN 4 disks/ Fault Tolerance YES

IP Class of Networks

A- 1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255 Subnet 255.0.0.0


Private 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
127.0.0.0 Loop back

B- 128.0.0.0- 191.255.255.255 Subnet 255.255.0.0


Private 172.16.0.0 -172.31.255.255
Example IP address: 10.20.25.25 /13
IP Class: A (255.0.0.0 or /8 is the class A “classful subnet” mask)
New subnet mask: /13 = 255.248.0.0 or 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000
(binary)
\ / number of bits borrowed (5)
n
Subnets: (equation: 2 = X) n = number of bits borrowed or subnet CIDR minus original
classful subnet CIDR
(example: /13-/8 = 5)
25 = 32 useable subnets
Hosts per subnet: (equation: 2n - 2 = X note: n = # of bits turned off) example: /32 - /13
= 19
219 – 2 = 524,286 hosts per subnet (note: the 2 bits subtracted represent the
broadcast and network hosts)
Host per subnet examples:
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 = 2 8- 2 = 254
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 = 2 7- 2 = 126
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 = 26- 2 = 62

Example IP address: 10.|20.25.25 /13


^ “classful boundary” meaning that anything to the left of this line
cannot be changed, in this case the address is a class A and the
classful boundary is directly after the first octet

Useable Subnets:
10.0.0.0 subnet #0 (subnet 0 always will start with 0 in the affected octet)
10.8.0.0 subnet #1
10.16.0.0 subnet #2
10.24.0.0 subnet #3
*continued to 32 total subnets*

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