Tutorial - 1

1. A vehicle travelling at a speed of 50 kmph was stopped within 2.5 secs after the full application of
brakes. Calculate the skid resistance.
2. A braking test was done in a dumper travelling at the speed of 90 kmph. The dumper was moving
downwards on the road of 3 o slope to horizontal and the braking efficiency is 85 %. After the
application of the brakes, the skid marks were seen as 40.2 m in length. Determine the average skid
resistance of the pavement.
3. After application of the brakes fully, a car was stopped in 1.9 secs and skid marks were measured
as 7.5 m in length. Determine the average skid resistance.
4. A truck moving at a speed of 45 kmph was stopped after the application of the brakes fully. The
length of skid marks was 14 m. If the average skid resistance of the pavement is 80 %, determine
the braking efficiency of the truck.
5. A vehicle hits a bridge abutment at a speed estimated by an investigator as 15 kmph. Skid marks
of 30 m on the pavement (f = 0.35) followed by skid marks of 60 m on the gravel shoulder (f =
0.50) approaching to the abutment are observed. If the speed limit is 60 kmph, is the driver
speeding?
6. A lady driver of car applied brakes and barely avoided hitting the truck parked due to technical
problem on the roadway. The vehicle left skid marks of 25 m. Assuming f = 0.6 and the braking
efficiency of 95 %, determine whether the driver was in violation of the 45 kmph speed limit at that
location if she was travelling a) uphill on 3o slope, b) downhill on 2.3o slope and c) on the level
roadway.
7. A deer is running across the level road and a driver did his best to avoid hitting the deer by
attempting to stop his car. However, during the braking, his car slide from the concrete pavement
to graveled shoulder but finally came to halt safely. If the travelling speed of this car is 60 kmph
and the coefficient of friction on the concrete pavement and graveled shoulder are 0.4 and 0.5
respectively, what would be the length of skid mark on the graveled shoulder. The length of the
skid mark resulted from braking the vehicle on concrete pavement is 15.5 m and the road is level.
8. Speed observations from a radar speed meter have been taken, giving the speeds of the subsidiary
streams composing the flow along with the volume of traffic of each subsidiary stream. The
readings are as under:
Speed
2-5 6-9 10-13 14-17 18-21 22-25 26-29 30-33 34-37 38-41 42-45 46-49 50-53 54-57 58-61
(kmph)
Volume
of
subsidiary 1 4 0 7 20 44 80 82 79 49 36 26 9 10 3
stream
(veh/hr)

Calculate: i) Time mean speed

ii) Space mean speed
iii) Variance about space mean speed
9. Twenty-five spot speed observations were taken in kmph and were as under:
50, 40, 60, 54, 45, 31, 72, 58, 43, 52, 46, 56, 43, 65, 33, 69, 34, 51, 47, 41, 62, 43, 55, 40, 49
Calculate: i) Time mean speed
ii) Space mean speed
iii) Verify the relation between them
10. Spot speed studies were carried out at a certain stretch of a highway and the consolidated data
collected are given below:
Speed
0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100
(kmph)
No. of
12 18 68 89 204 255 119 43 33 9
vehicles

Transportation Engineering II | Abhash Acharya 1

 Determine: i) Upper speed limit for regulation
ii) Lowe speed limit for regulation
iii) Speed to check design elements
iv) Modal speed
11. A truck travelling at 40 kmph is approaching a stop sign. At time to and at a distance of 20 m, the
truck begins to slow down by decelerating at 4 m/s2. Will the truck be able to stop in time?
12. The following speed data were collected during a two-minute segment of a spot speed study (speed
in kmph)
92, 82, 78, 86, 100, 91, 63, 75, 86, 90, 88, 79, 95, 84
a) Estimate the time mean speed and the space mean speed.
b) What will be the average density of the above traffic stream if the mean headway is 8.6 secs?
13. Estimate the theoretical capacity of a traffic lane with one-way traffic flow at stream speed of 40
kmph. Assume the average space gap between vehicles to follow the relation Sg = 0.278 V t, where
V is stream speed in kmph, t is the average reaction time = 0.7 sec; assuming average length of
vehicles = 5.0 m.
14. What is the theoretical capacity of a traffic lane with one-way traffic flow at a stream speed of 50
kmph if the average reaction time is 0.9 secs and average length of vehicles is 7.0 m.
15. Calculate the theoretical maximum traffic capacity for a traffic lane at the speed of 80 kmph.
Assume the coefficient of friction (f) as 0.4, total reaction time (t) as 0.75 secs and average length
of the vehicle is 6.0 m. Assume the average space gap between vehicles to follow the relation, S g
= 0.278 V t + (V2 / 254 f).
16. The free mean speed on a roadway is found to be 80 kmph. Under the stopped condition the average
spacing between vehicle is 6.9 m. Determine the capacity of flow.
17. In the road at Tripureshwor, it is found that the free mean speed is only 75 kmph. Under the stopped
condition the average spacing between the vehicle is only 6.3 m. What is the maximum capacity of
flow in that road?
18. The data collected after speed and delay studies by floating car method on as stretch of urban road
of length 3.5 km are given below. Determine the average values of volume, journey speed and
running speed of the traffic stream along either direction.
Trip Direction Journey Time Total Stopped No. of No. of No. of
No. of Trip (Min-secs) Delay (Min-secs) vehicles vehicles vehicles
overtaking overtaken form
opposite
direction
1 A-B 6-32 1-40 4 7 268
2 B-A 7-14 1-50 5 3 186
3 A-B 6-50 1-30 5 3 280
4 B-A 7-40 2-00 2 1 200
5 A-B 6-10 1-10 3 5 250
6 B-A 8-00 2-22 2 2 170
7 A-B 6-28 1-40 2 5 290
8 B-A 7-30 1-40 3 2 160
19. ABCD is a street running north to south comprising of three adjacent sections. The table below
gives the length of each section:
Section AB B BC C CD
Length (km) 500 Intersection 600 Intersection 450
Again, the following table gives the details of observations (Average of test runs) by the moving
observer team:

Transportation Engineering II | Abhash Acharya 2

 Moving Observer Travelling South
Sections Time take to Vehicle met Vehicle in the same direction
travel (secs) with in opposing Overtaking Overtaken
direction
AB 152 25 4 3
B 15 - - -
BC 172 31 2 2
C 10 - - -
CD 138 28 3 4
Moving Observer Travelling North
Sections Time take to Vehicle met Vehicle in the same direction
travel (secs) with in opposing Overtaking Overtaken
direction
DC 132 50 2 1
C 12 - - -
CB 160 55 3 4
B 18 - - -
BA 145 45 1 1
Calculate the flows and running speeds in each section in both directions and the overall journey
speeds in each direction.

Transportation Engineering II | Abhash Acharya 3