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jesyoltzinDEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS Both options lead to the same degree: the Bachelor of Science in
Physics.
The Department of Physics oers undergraduate, graduate,
Physics: Focused Option
and postgraduate training, with a wide range of options for
This option—which includes three terms of quantum mechanics, 36
specialization.
units of laboratory experience, and a thesis—is ideal preparation for
The emphasis of both the undergraduate curriculum and the a career in physics.
graduate program is on understanding the fundamental principles
In the second year, students take:
that appear to govern the behavior of the physical world, including
space and time and matter and energy in all its forms, from the 8.03 Physics III 12
subatomic to the cosmological and from the elementary to the 8.033 Relativity 12
complex.
8.04 Quantum Physics I 12
The Department of Physics strives to be at the forefront of many 8.044 Statistical Physics I 12
areas where new physics can be found. Consequently, the 8.223 Classical Mechanics II 6
department works on problems where extreme conditions may reveal
new behavior: from clusters of galaxies or the entire universe to Important skills for experimentation in physics may be acquired
elementary particles or the strings that may be the substructure of by starting an Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program
these particles; from collisions of nuclei at relativistic velocities that (UROP) (http://catalog.mit.edu/mit/undergraduate-education/
make droplets of matter hotter than anything since the Big Bang academic-research-options/undergraduate-research-opportunities-
to laser-cooled atoms so cold that their wave functions overlap, program) project.
resulting in a macroscopic collective state, the Bose-Einstein
In the third year, students normally take laboratory subjects:
condensate; and from individual atoms to unusual materials, such as
high-temperature superconductors and those that are important in
8.13 Experimental Physics I 36
biology. Pushing the limits provides the opportunity to observe new
& 8.14 and Experimental Physics II
general principles and test theories of the structure and behavior of
8.05 Quantum Physics II 24
matter and energy.
& 8.06 and Quantum Physics III
Students should also begin to take the restricted elective subjects,
Undergraduate Study one in mathematics and at least two in physics. The mathematics
subjects 18.04 Complex Variables with Applications, 18.075
Bachelor of Science in Physics (Course 8) Methods for Scientists and Engineers, and 18.06 Linear Algebra are
An undergraduate degree in physics provides an excellent basis particularly popular with physics majors. Topical elective subjects
not only for graduate study in physics and related elds, but also in astrophysics, biological physics, condensed matter, plasma, and
for professional work in such elds as astrophysics, biophysics, nuclear and particle physics allow students to gain an appreciation
engineering and applied physics, geophysics, management, of the forefronts of modern physics. Students intending to go on to
law, or medicine. The undergraduate curriculum oers students graduate school in physics are encouraged to take the theoretical
the opportunity to acquire a deep conceptual understanding of physics sequence:
fundamental physics. The core departmental requirements begin
this process. The student then chooses one of two options to 8.07 Electromagnetism II 12
complete the degree: the focused option (http://catalog.mit.edu/ 8.08 Statistical Physics II 12
degree-charts/physics-course-8/#focusedoptiontext) is designed for
8.09 Classical Mechanics III 12
students who plan to pursue physics as a career, and is an excellent
choice for students who want to experience as deep an engagement An important component of this option is the thesis, which is a
as possible with physics; the flexible option (http://catalog.mit.edu/ physics research project carried out under the guidance of a faculty
degree-charts/physics-course-8/#flexibleoptiontext) also provides member. Many thesis projects grow naturally out of UROP projects.
a very strong physics framework, and gives students who may want Students should have some idea of a thesis topic by the middle
to pursue additional academic interests the flexibility to do so. of the junior year. A thesis proposal must be submitted before
Both programs prepare students very well for graduate studies in registering for thesis units and no later than Add Date of the fall term
physics, as well as for a variety of academic or research-related of the senior year.
careers. Either option provides a considerable amount of time for
exploration through electives. Students proceed at the pace and
degree of specialization best suited to their individual capacities.
Department of Physics | 3
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
A relatively large amount of elective time usually becomes available Students following this option must also complete a focus
during the fourth year and can be used either to deepen one's requirement—three subjects forming one intellectually coherent unit
background in physics or to explore other disciplines. in some area (not necessarily physics), subject to the approval of the
department and separate from those used by the student to satisfy
Physics: Flexible Option the HASS requirement. Areas of focus chosen by students have
This option is designed for students who wish to develop a strong included astronomy, biology, computational physics, theoretical
background in the fundamentals of physics and then build on physics, nanotechnology, history of science, science and technology
this foundation as they prepare for career paths that may or may policy, philosophy, and science teaching. Some students may
not involve a graduate degree in physics. Many students nd an choose to satisfy their experimental and exploration requirements in
understanding of the basic concepts of physics and an appreciation the same area as their focus; others may opt for greater breadth by
of the physicist's approach to problem solving an excellent choosing other elds to fulll these requirements.
preparation for the growing spectrum of nontraditional, technology-
related career opportunities, as well as for careers in business, law, Although students may choose this option at any time in their
medicine, or engineering. Additionally, the flexible option makes undergraduate career, many decide on the flexible major during their
it more possible for students with diverse intellectual interests to sophomore year in order to have enough time to cra a program that
pursue a second major in another department. best suits their individual needs. Specic subject choices for the
experimental and focus requirements require the written approval of
The option begins with the core subjects: the Flexible Program coordinator, Dr. Sean P. Robinson.
8.01 Physics I 12 Minor in Physics
8.02 Physics II 12 The Minor in Physics provides a solid foundation for the pursuit of
8.03 Physics III 12 a broad range of professional activities in science and engineering.
8.04 Quantum Physics I 12 The requirements for a Minor in Physics are as follows:
8.044 Statistical Physics I 12 18.03 Dierential Equations
1
12
8.21 Physics of Energy 12 Select ve Course 8 subjects beyond the General 57-60
or 8.223 Classical Mechanics II Institute Requirements
Students round out their foundation material with either an Total Units 69-72
additional quantum mechanics subject (8.05 Quantum Physics 1
18.032 Dierential Equations is also acceptable.
II) or a subject in relativity (8.20 Introduction to Special Relativity
or 8.033 Relativity). There is an experimental requirement of 8.13 Students should submit a completed Minor Application Form to
Experimental Physics I or, with the approval of the department, a Physics Academic Programs, Room 4-315. The Physics Department's
laboratory subject of similar intensity in another department, an minor coordinator is Catherine Modica. See Undergraduate
experimental research project or senior thesis, or an experimentally Education for more information on minor programs (http://
oriented summer externship. An exploration requirement consists catalog.mit.edu/mit/undergraduate-education/academic-programs/
of one elective subject in physics. Students can satisfy the minors).
departmental portion of the Communication Requirement by taking
two of the following subjects: Minor in Astronomy
The Minor in Astronomy (http://catalog.mit.edu/interdisciplinary/
8.06 Quantum Physics III 12
undergraduate-programs/minors/astronomy), oered jointly with
8.13 Experimental Physics I 18 the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences,
8.14 Experimental Physics II 18 covers the observational and theoretical foundations of astronomy.
8.225[J] Einstein, Oppenheimer, Feynman: 12 For a description of the minor, see Interdisciplinary Programs.
Physics in the 20th Century
8.226 Forty-three Orders of Magnitude 12 Inquiries
Additional information concerning degree programs and research
8.287[J] Observational Techniques of Optical 15
activities may be obtained by contacting the department oce
Astronomy
([email protected]), Room 4-315, 617-253-4841.
The department and the Subcommittee on the Communication
Requirement may accept substitution of one of the department's two
required CI-M subjects with a CI-M subject in another department if it
forms a natural part of the student's physics program.
4 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
• Astrophysics
Graduate Study • Experimental Nuclear and Particle Physics
• Atomic Physics, Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, and
The Physics Department oers programs leading to the degrees of
Plasma Physics
Master of Science in Physics and Doctor of Philosophy.
• Theoretical Nuclear and Particle Physics
Admission Requirements for Graduate Study Much of the research in the department is carried out as part of
Students intending to pursue graduate work in physics should have the work of various interdisciplinary laboratories and centers,
as a background the equivalent of the requirements for the Bachelor including the Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Francis
of Science in Physics from MIT. However, students may make up Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Haystack Observatory, Laboratory for
some deciencies over the course of their graduate work. Nuclear Science, Microsystems Technology Laboratories, MIT
Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Plasma
Master of Science in Physics Science and Fusion Center, Research Laboratory of Electronics,
The normal degree program in the department leads to a PhD and Spectroscopy Laboratory. Additional information about
in Physics. Admission to a master's degree program in Physics interdisciplinary laboratories and centers can be found under
is available only in special cases (e.g., US military ocers). The Research and Study (http://catalog.mit.edu/mit/research). These
requirements for the Master of Science in Physics are the same facilities provide close relationships among the research activities
as the General Degree Requirements (http://catalog.mit.edu/mit/ of a number of MIT departments and give students opportunities for
graduate-education/general-degree-requirements) listed under contact with research carried out in disciplines other than physics.
Graduate Education. A master's thesis must represent a piece of
independent research work in any of the elds described below, Inquiries
and must be carried out under the supervision of a department Additional information on degree programs, research activities,
faculty member. No xed time is set for the completion of a master's admissions, nancial aid, teaching and research assistantships
program; two years of work is a rough guideline. There is no may be obtained by contacting the department oce (physics-
language requirement for this degree. [email protected]), Room 4-315, 617-253-4851.
Doctor of Philosophy
Candidates for the Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Science are Faculty and Teaching Sta
expected to enroll in those basic graduate subjects that prepare
them for the general examination, which must be passed no Deepto Chakrabarty, PhD
later than in the seventh term aer initial enrollment. Students Professor of Physics
are required to take two subjects in the candidate's doctoral Head, Department of Physics
research area (specialty requirement) and two subjects outside
Lindley Winslow, PhD
the candidate's eld of specialization (breadth requirement). In
Professor of Physics
addition, all students in the rst year of the PhD program must
Associate Head, Department of Physics
enroll in two semesters of 8.398, a seminar specically for rst-year
students. Half of the breadth requirement may be satised through
Professors
a departmentally approved industrial internship. The doctoral thesis
Raymond Ashoori, PhD
must represent a substantial piece of original research, carried out
Professor of Physics
under the supervision of a department faculty member.
Edmund Bertschinger, PhD
The Physics Department faculty members oer subjects of
Professor of Physics
instruction and are engaged in research in a variety of elds in
experimental and theoretical physics. This broad spectrum of Claude R. Canizares, PhD
activities is organized in the divisional structure of the department, Bruno B. Rossi Distinguished Professor in Experimental Physics
presented below. Graduate students are encouraged to contact
faculty members in the division of their choice to inquire about Paola Cappellaro, PhD
opportunities for research, and to pass through an apprenticeship Ford Professor of Engineering
(by signing up for Pre-Thesis Research) as a rst step toward an Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering
engagement in independent research for a doctoral thesis. Professor of Physics
Research Divisions
Faculty and students in the Department of Physics are generally
aliated with one of several research divisions:
Department of Physics | 5
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Arup K. Chakraborty, PhD Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, PhD
Institute Professor Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics
Robert T. Haslam (1911) Professor in Chemical Engineering
Professor of Chemistry John D. Joannopoulos, PhD
Professor of Physics Francis Wright Davis Professor
Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Professor of Physics
Isaac Chuang, PhD Steven G. Johnson, PhD
Professor of Electrical Engineering Professor of Mathematics
Professor of Physics Professor of Physics
Janet Conrad, PhD David I. Kaiser, PhD
Professor of Physics Germeshausen Professor of the History of Science
Professor of Physics
William Detmold, PhD (On leave, fall)
Professor of Physics
Mehran Kardar, PhD
Matthew J. Evans, PhD Francis L. Friedman Professor of Physics
Mathworks Physics Professor
Professor of Physics Wolfgang Ketterle, PhD
John D. MacArthur Professor
Peter H. Fisher, PhD Professor of Physics
Thomas A. Frank (1977) Professor of Physics
Associate Provost and Associate Vice President for Research Markus Klute, PhD
Professor of Physics
Joseph A. Formaggio, PhD (On leave)
Professor of Physics
Patrick A. Lee, PhD
Anna L. Frebel, PhD William and Emma Rogers Professor
Professor of Physics Professor Post-Tenure of Physics
Liang Fu, PhD Leonid Levitov, PhD
Professor of Physics Professor of Physics
Nuh Gedik, PhD Hong Liu, PhD
Professor of Physics Professor of Physics
Je Gore, PhD Nuno F. Loureiro, PhD
Professor of Physics Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering
Professor of Physics
Alan Guth, PhD
Victor F. Weisskopf Professor in Physics Nergis Mavalvala, PhD
Curtis (1963) and Kathleen Marble Professor
Aram W. Harrow, PhD Professor of Physics
Professor of Physics Dean, School of Science
Jacqueline N. Hewitt, PhD Richard G. Milner, PhD
Julius A. Stratton Professor Professor of Physics
Professor of Physics
Leonid A. Mirny, PhD
Scott A. Hughes, PhD Richard J. Cohen (1976) Professor in Medicine and Biomedical
Professor of Physics Physics
Robert L. Jae, PhD Professor of Physics
Otto (1939) and Jane Morningstar Professor Post-Tenure of Science Core Faculty, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science
Professor Post-Tenure of Physics
6 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Ernest J. Moniz, PhD Vladan Vuletić, PhD
Cecil and Ida Green Distinguished Professor Lester Wolfe Professor
Professor Post-Tenure of Physics Professor of Physics
Professor Post-Tenure of Engineering Systems
Xiao-Gang Wen, PhD
Christoph M. E. Paus, PhD Cecil and Ida Green Professor in Physics
Professor of Physics
Frank Wilczek, PhD
Miklos Porkolab, PhD Herman Feshbach (1942) Professor of Physics
Professor Post-Tenure of Physics (On leave, spring)
David E. Pritchard, PhD Michael Williams, PhD
Cecil and Ida Green Professor Post-Tenure of Physics Professor of Physics
Member, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
Krishna Rajagopal, PhD
William A. M. Burden Professor of Physics Boleslaw Wyslouch, PhD
Professor of Physics
Gunther M. Roland, PhD
Professor of Physics Barton Zwiebach, PhD
Professor of Physics
Sara Seager, PhD
Class of 1941 Professor of Planetary Sciences Martin Wolfram Zwierlein, PhD
Professor of Physics Thomas A. Frank (1977) Professor of Physics
Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics
(On leave, spring) Associate Professors
Joseph George Checkelsky, PhD
Robert A. Simcoe, PhD Mitsui Career Development Professor
Francis L. Friedman Professor of Physics Associate Professor of Physics
Tracy Robyn Slatyer, PhD Riccardo Comin, PhD
Professor of Physics Class of 1947 Career Development Professor
Marin Soljačić, PhD Associate Professor of Physics
Professor of Physics Netta Engelhardt, PhD
Iain Stewart, PhD Associate Professor of Physics
Otto (1939) and Jane Morningstar Professor of Science Nikta Fakhri, PhD
Professor of Physics Thomas D. and Virginia W. Cabot Associate Professor of Physics
Washington Taylor IV, PhD Daniel Harlow, PhD
Professor of Physics Associate Professor of Physics
Max Erik Tegmark, PhD Philip Harris, PhD
Professor of Physics Associate Professor of Physics
(On leave)
Or Hen, PhD
Jesse Thaler, PhD Class of 1956 Career Development Professor
Professor of Physics Associate Professor of Physics
Member, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
Yen-Jie Lee, PhD
Samuel C. C. Ting, PhD Associate Professor of Physics
Thomas D. Cabot Institute Professor
Professor of Physics Kiyoshi Masui, PhD
Associate Professor of Physics
Senthil Todadri, PhD
Professor of Physics Michael McDonald, PhD
Associate Professor of Physics
Department of Physics | 7
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Max Metlitski, PhD
Associate Professor of Physics Senior Lecturers
Peter Dourmashkin, PhD
Kerstin Perez, PhD Senior Lecturer in Physics
Associate Professor of Physics
(On leave) Erik Katsavounidis, PhD
Senior Lecturer in Physics
Phiala E. Shanahan, PhD
Class of 1957 Career Development Professor Lecturers
Associate Professor of Physics Mohamed Abdelhafez, PhD
Julien Tailleur, PhD Lecturer in Physics
Associate Professor of Physics Byron Drury, PhD
Salvatore Vitale, PhD Lecturer in Physics
Associate Professor of Physics Sean P. Robinson, PhD
Mark Vogelsberger, PhD Lecturer in Physics
Associate Professor of Physics Technical Instructor of Physics
Alex Shvonski, PhD
Assistant Professors Lecturer in Physics
Soonwon Choi, PhD
Assistant Professor of Physics Michelle Tomasik, PhD
Lecturer in Physics
Anna-Christina Eilers, PhD
Assistant Professor of Physics Technical Instructors
Richard J. Fletcher, PhD Rosi Anderson, BS
Assistant Professor of Physics Technical Instructor of Physics
Ronald Garcia Ruiz, PhD Caleb C. Bonyun, MS
Assistant Professor of Physics Technical Instructor of Physics
Long Ju, PhD Aidan MacDonagh, BSE
Assistant Professor of Physics Technical Instructor of Digital Learning
Erin Kara, PhD Christopher Miller, BS
Assistant Professor of Physics Technical Instructor of Physics
Sarah Millholland, PhD Aaron Pilarcik, MS
Assistant Professor of Physics Technical Instructor of Physics
Lina Necib, PhD Joshua Wolfe, BS
Assistant Professor of Physics Technical Instructor of Physics
Eluned Smith, PhD
Research Sta
Assistant Professor of Physics
Andrew Vanderburg, PhD Senior Research Scientists
Assistant Professor of Physics Earl S. Marmar, PhD
Senior Research Scientist of Physics
Visiting Associate Professors Jagadeesh Moodera, PhD
Ibrahim I. Cissé Senior Research Scientist of Physics
Visiting Associate Professor of Physics
Richard J. Temkin, PhD
Adjunct Professors Senior Research Scientist of Physics
William A. Barletta, PhD
Adjunct Professor of Physics
8 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Marc A. Kastner, PhD
Donner Professor of Science Emeritus
Professors Emeriti
Professor Emeritus of Physics
John Winston Belcher, PhD
Class of 1922 Professor Emeritus Vera Kistiakowsky, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics Professor Emerita of Physics
George B. Benedek, PhD Daniel Kleppner, PhD
Alfred H. Caspary Professor Emeritus of Physics Lester Wolfe Professor Emeritus
Professor Emeritus of Biological Physics Professor Emeritus of Physics
Ahmet Nihat Berker, PhD Stanley B. Kowalski, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics Professor Emeritus of Physics
William Bertozzi, PhD J. David Litster, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics Professor Emeritus of Physics
Robert J. Birgeneau, PhD Earle L. Lomon, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics Professor Emeritus of Physics
Hale V. Bradt, PhD June Lorraine Matthews, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics Professor Emerita of Physics
Wit Busza, PhD John W. Negele, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics William A. Coolidge Professor Emeritus
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Min Chen, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics Irwin A. Pless, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Bruno Coppi, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics Saul A. Rappaport, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Edward Farhi, PhD
Cecil and Ida Green Professor Emeritus of Physics Robert P. Redwine, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Daniel Z. Freedman, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Mathematics Lawrence Rosenson, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics Professor Emeritus of Physics
Jerome I. Friedman, PhD Paul L. Schechter, PhD
Institute Professor Emeritus William A. M. Burden Professor Emeritus in Astrophysics
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Rainer Weiss, PhD
Jerey Goldstone, PhD Professor Emeritus of Physics
Professor Emeritus of Physics
James E. Young, PhD
Thomas J. Greytak, PhD Professor Emeritus of Physics
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Lee Grodzins, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Erich P. Ippen, PhD
Elihu Thomson Professor Emeritus
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering
Paul Christopher Joss, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Physics
Department of Physics | 9
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Undergraduate Subjects 8.012 Physics I
Prereq: None
8.01 Physics I U (Fall)
Prereq: None 5-0-7 units. PHYSICS I
U (Fall) Credit cannot also be received for 8.01, 8.011, 8.01L, ES.801, ES.8012
3-2-7 units. PHYSICS I Elementary mechanics, presented in greater depth than in 8.01.
Credit cannot also be received for 8.011, 8.012, 8.01L, ES.801, Newton's laws, concepts of momentum, energy, angular momentum,
ES.8012 rigid body motion, and non-inertial systems. Uses elementary
Introduces classical mechanics. Space and time: straight-line calculus freely; concurrent registration in a math subject more
kinematics; motion in a plane; forces and static equilibrium; particle advanced than 18.01 is recommended. In addition to covering the
dynamics, with force and conservation of momentum; relative theoretical subject matter, students complete a small experimental
inertial frames and non-inertial force; work, potential energy and project of their own design. Freshmen admitted via AP or Math
conservation of energy; kinetic theory and the ideal gas; rigid bodies Diagnostic for Physics Placement results.
and rotational dynamics; vibrational motion; conservation of angular M. Soljacic
momentum; central force motions; fluid mechanics. Subject taught
using the TEAL (Technology-Enabled Active Learning) format which 8.01L Physics I
features students working in groups of three, discussing concepts, Prereq: None
solving problems, and doing table-top experiments with the aid of U (Fall, IAP)
computer data acquisition and analysis. 3-2-7 units. PHYSICS I
J. Formaggio, P. Dourmashkin Credit cannot also be received for 8.01, 8.011, 8.012, ES.801, ES.8012
Introduction to classical mechanics (see description under 8.01).
8.011 Physics I Includes components of the TEAL (Technology-Enabled Active
Prereq: Permission of instructor Learning) format. Material covered over a longer interval so that the
U (Spring) subject is completed by the end of the IAP. Substantial emphasis
5-0-7 units. PHYSICS I given to reviewing and strengthening necessary mathematics
Credit cannot also be received for 8.01, 8.012, 8.01L, ES.801, tools, as well as basic physics concepts and problem-solving skills.
ES.8012 Content, depth, and diculty is otherwise identical to that of 8.01.
Introduces classical mechanics. Space and time: straight-line The subject is designated as 8.01 on the transcript.
kinematics; motion in a plane; forces and equilibrium; experimental P. Jarillo-Herrero
basis of Newton's laws; particle dynamics; universal gravitation;
collisions and conservation laws; work and potential energy; 8.02 Physics II
vibrational motion; conservative forces; inertial forces and non- Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
inertial frames; central force motions; rigid bodies and rotational U (Fall, Spring)
dynamics. Designed for students with previous experience in 8.01; 3-2-7 units. PHYSICS II
the subject is designated as 8.01 on the transcript. Credit cannot also be received for 8.021, 8.022, ES.802, ES.8022
B. Drury Introduction to electromagnetism and electrostatics: electric
charge, Coulomb's law, electric structure of matter; conductors
and dielectrics. Concepts of electrostatic eld and potential,
electrostatic energy. Electric currents, magnetic elds and Ampere's
law. Magnetic materials. Time-varying elds and Faraday's law
of induction. Basic electric circuits. Electromagnetic waves and
Maxwell's equations. Subject taught using the TEAL (Technology
Enabled Active Learning) studio format which utilizes small group
interaction and current technology to help students develop intuition
about, and conceptual models of, physical phenomena.
J. Belcher, I. Cisse
10 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.021 Physics II 8.033 Relativity
Prereq: Calculus I (GIR), Physics I (GIR), and permission of instructor Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics II (GIR)
U (Fall) U (Fall)
5-0-7 units. PHYSICS II 5-0-7 units. REST
Credit cannot also be received for 8.02, 8.022, ES.802, ES.8022
Einstein's postulates; consequences for simultaneity, time
Introduction to electromagnetism and electrostatics: electric dilation, length contraction, and clock synchronization; Lorentz
charge, Coulomb's law, electric structure of matter; conductors transformation; relativistic eects and paradoxes; Minkowski
and dielectrics. Concepts of electrostatic eld and potential, diagrams; invariants and four-vectors; momentum, energy, and
electrostatic energy. Electric currents, magnetic elds and Ampere's mass; particle collisions. Relativity and electricity; Coulomb's
law. Magnetic materials. Time-varying elds and Faraday's law; magnetic elds. Brief introduction to Newtonian cosmology.
law of induction. Basic electric circuits. Electromagnetic waves Introduction to some concepts of general relativity; principle of
and Maxwell's equations. Designed for students with previous equivalence. The Schwarzchild metric; gravitational red shi;
experience in 8.02; the subject is designated as 8.02 on the particle and light trajectories; geodesics; Shapiro delay.
transcript. Enrollment limited. S. Vitale
J. Checkelsky
8.04 Quantum Physics I
8.022 Physics II Prereq: 8.03 and (18.03 or 18.032)
Prereq: Physics I (GIR); Coreq: Calculus II (GIR) U (Spring)
U (Fall, Spring) 5-0-7 units. REST
5-0-7 units. PHYSICS II Credit cannot also be received for 8.041
Credit cannot also be received for 8.02, 8.021, ES.802, ES.8022
Experimental basis of quantum physics: photoelectric eect,
Parallel to 8.02, but more advanced mathematically. Some Compton scattering, photons, Franck-Hertz experiment, the Bohr
knowledge of vector calculus assumed. Maxwell's equations, in atom, electron diraction, deBroglie waves, and wave-particle
both dierential and integral form. Electrostatic and magnetic duality of matter and light. Introduction to wave mechanics:
vector potential. Properties of dielectrics and magnetic materials. Schroedinger's equation, wave functions, wave packets, probability
In addition to the theoretical subject matter, several experiments amplitudes, stationary states, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle,
in electricity and magnetism are performed by the students in the and zero-point energies. Solutions to Schroedinger's equation in
laboratory. one dimension: transmission and reflection at a barrier, barrier
D. Harlow penetration, potential wells, the simple harmonic oscillator.
Schroedinger's equation in three dimensions: central potentials and
8.03 Physics III introduction to hydrogenic systems.
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics II (GIR) V. Vuletic
U (Fall, Spring)
5-0-7 units. REST
Mechanical vibrations and waves; simple harmonic motion,
superposition, forced vibrations and resonance, coupled
oscillations, and normal modes; vibrations of continuous systems;
reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity. Optics; wave
solutions to Maxwell's equations; polarization; Snell's Law,
interference, Huygens's principle, Fraunhofer diraction, and
gratings.
Y-J. Lee, R. Comin
Department of Physics | 11
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.041 Quantum Physics I 8.051 Quantum Physics II
Prereq: 8.03 and (18.03 or 18.032) Prereq: 8.04 and permission of instructor
U (Fall) U (Spring)
2-0-10 units. REST 2-0-10 units
Credit cannot also be received for 8.04 Credit cannot also be received for 8.05
Blended version of 8.04 using a combination of online and in- Blended version of 8.05 using a combination of online and
person instruction. Covers experimental basis of quantum physics: in-person instruction. Together with 8.06 covers quantum
photoelectric eect, Compton scattering, photons, Franck-Hertz physics with applications drawn from modern physics. General
experiment, the Bohr atom, electron diraction, deBroglie waves, formalism of quantum mechanics: states, operators, Dirac
and wave-particle duality of matter and light. Introduction to wave notation, representations, measurement theory. Harmonic
mechanics: Schroedinger's equation, wave functions, wave packets, oscillator: operator algebra, states. Quantum mechanics in three
probability amplitudes, stationary states, the Heisenberg uncertainty dimensions: central potentials and the radial equation, bound and
principle, and zero-point energies. Solutions to Schroedinger's scattering states, qualitative analysis of wave functions. Angular
equation in one dimension: transmission and reflection at a barrier, momentum: operators, commutator algebra, eigenvalues and
barrier penetration, potential wells, the simple harmonic oscillator. eigenstates, spherical harmonics. Spin: Stern-Gerlach devices and
Schroedinger's equation in three dimensions: central potentials and measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance, spin and statistics.
introduction to hydrogenic systems. Addition of angular momentum: Clebsch-Gordan series and
V. Vuletic coecients, spin systems, and allotropic forms of hydrogen. Limited
to 20.
8.044 Statistical Physics I Fall: Sta
Prereq: 8.03 and 18.03 Spring: W. Detmold
U (Spring)
5-0-7 units 8.06 Quantum Physics III
Prereq: 8.05
Introduction to probability, statistical mechanics, and U (Spring)
thermodynamics. Random variables, joint and conditional 5-0-7 units
probability densities, and functions of a random variable. Concepts
of macroscopic variables and thermodynamic equilibrium, Continuation of 8.05. Units: natural units, scales of microscopic
fundamental assumption of statistical mechanics, microcanonical phenomena, applications. Time-independent approximation
and canonical ensembles. First, second, and third laws of methods: degenerate and nondegenerate perturbation theory,
thermodynamics. Numerous examples illustrating a wide variety of variational method, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, applications
physical phenomena such as magnetism, polyatomic gases, thermal to atomic and molecular systems. The structure of one- and two-
radiation, electrons in solids, and noise in electronic devices. electron atoms: overview, spin-orbit and relativistic corrections,
Concurrent enrollment in 8.04 is recommended. ne structure, variational approximation, screening, Zeeman and
N. Fakhri Stark eects. Charged particles in a magnetic eld: Landau levels
and integer quantum hall eect. Scattering: general principles,
8.05 Quantum Physics II partial waves, review of one-dimension, low-energy approximations,
Prereq: 8.04 or 8.041 resonance, Born approximation. Time-dependent perturbation
U (Fall) theory. Students research and write a paper on a topic related to the
5-0-7 units content of 8.05 and 8.06.
Credit cannot also be received for 8.051 B. Zwiebach
Vector spaces, linear operators, and matrix representations. Inner
products and adjoint operators. Commutator identities. Dirac's
Bra-kets. Uncertainty principle and energy-time version. Spectral
theorem and complete set of commuting observables. Schrodinger
and Heisenberg pictures. Axioms of quantum mechanics. Coherent
states and nuclear magnetic resonance. Multiparticle states and
tensor products. Quantum teleportation, EPR and Bell inequalities.
Angular momentum and central potentials. Addition of angular
momentum. Density matrices, pure and mixed states, decoherence.
B. Zwiebach
12 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.07 Electromagnetism II Undergraduate Laboratory and Special Project Subjects
Prereq: 8.03 and 18.03
U (Fall) 8.10 Exploring and Communicating Physics (and other) Frontiers
4-0-8 units Prereq: None
Survey of basic electromagnetic phenomena: electrostatics, U (Fall)
magnetostatics; electromagnetic properties of matter. Time- Not oered regularly; consult department
dependent electromagnetic elds and Maxwell's equations. 2-0-0 units
Electromagnetic waves, emission, absorption, and scattering of Features a series of 12 interactive sessions that span a wide variety
radiation. Relativistic electrodynamics and mechanics. of topics at the frontiers of science - e.g., quantum computing,
A. Guth dark matter, the nature of time - and encourage independent
thinking. Discussions draw from the professor's published pieces in
8.08 Statistical Physics II periodicals as well as short excerpts from his books. Also discusses,
Prereq: 8.044 and 8.05 through case studies, the process of writing and re-writing. Subject
U (IAP) can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for rst
4-0-8 units year students.
Probability distributions for classical and quantum systems. F. Wilczek
Microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical partition-
functions and associated thermodynamic potentials. Conditions 8.13 Experimental Physics I
of thermodynamic equilibrium for homogenous and heterogenous Prereq: 8.04
systems. Applications: non-interacting Bose and Fermi gases; U (Fall, Spring)
mean eld theories for real gases, binary mixtures, magnetic 0-6-12 units. Institute LAB
systems, polymer solutions; phase and reaction equilibria, critical First in a two-term advanced laboratory sequence in modern
phenomena. Fluctuations, correlation functions and susceptibilities, physics focusing on the professional and personal development
and Kubo formulae. Evolution of distribution functions: Boltzmann of the student as a scientist through the medium of experimental
and Smoluchowski equations. physics. Experimental options cover special relativity, experimental
Sta, L. Fu foundations of quantum mechanics, atomic structure and optics,
statistical mechanics, and nuclear and particle physics. Uses modern
8.09 Classical Mechanics III physics experiments to develop laboratory technique, systematic
Subject meets with 8.309 troubleshooting, professional scientic attitude, data analysis skills
Prereq: 8.223 and reasoning about uncertainty. Provides extensive training in oral
U (Fall, Spring) and written communication methods. Limited to 12 students per
4-0-8 units section.
Covers Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, systems with J. Conrad, N. Fakhri, C. Paus, G. Roland
constraints, rigid body dynamics, vibrations, central forces,
Hamilton-Jacobi theory, action-angle variables, perturbation
theory, and continuous systems. Provides an introduction to ideal
and viscous fluid mechanics, including turbulence, as well as an
introduction to nonlinear dynamics, including chaos. Students taking
graduate version complete dierent assignments.
I. Stewart
Department of Physics | 13
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.14 Experimental Physics II 8.19 Readings in Physics
Prereq: 8.05 and 8.13 Prereq: None
U (Spring) U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)
0-6-12 units Units arranged [P/D/F]
Can be repeated for credit.
Second in a two-term advanced laboratory sequence in modern
physics focusing on the professional and personal development Supervised reading and library work. Choice of material and
of the student as a scientist through the medium of experimental allotment of time according to individual needs. For students who
physics. Experimental options cover special relativity, experimental want to do work not provided for in the regular subjects. Specic
foundations of quantum mechanics, atomic structure and optics, approval required in each case.
statistical mechanics, and nuclear and particle physics. Uses Consult N. Mavalvala
modern physics experiments to develop laboratory technique,
systematic troubleshooting, professional scientic attitude, data
Undergraduate Elective Subjects
analysis skills, and reasoning about uncertainty; provides extensive
training in oral and written communication methods. Continues 8.20 Introduction to Special Relativity
8.13 practice in these skills using more advanced experiments and Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) and Physics I (GIR)
adds an exploratory project element in which students develop U (IAP)
an experiment from the proposal and design stage to a nal 2-0-7 units. REST
presentation of results in a poster session. Limited to 12 students per
section. Introduces the basic ideas and equations of Einstein's special
G. Roland theory of relativity. Topics include Lorentz transformations, length
contraction and time dilation, four vectors, Lorentz invariants,
8.16 Data Science in Physics relativistic energy and momentum, relativistic kinematics, Doppler
Subject meets with 8.316 shi, space-time diagrams, relativity paradoxes, and some concepts
Prereq: 8.04 and (6.100A, 6.100B, or permission of instructor) of general relativity. Intended for freshmen and sophomores. Not
U (Spring) usable as a restricted elective by Physics majors. Credit cannot be
3-0-9 units received for 8.20 if credit for 8.033 is or has been received in the
same or prior terms.
Aims to present modern computational methods by providing S. Vitale
realistic, contemporary examples of how these computational
methods apply to physics research. Designed around research 8.21 Physics of Energy
modules in which each module provides experience with a specic Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), and Physics II (GIR)
scientic challenge. Modules include: analyzing LIGO open data; U (Spring)
measuring electroweak boson to quark decays; understanding 5-0-7 units. REST
the cosmic microwave background; and lattice QCD/Ising model.
Experience in Python helpful but not required. Lectures are viewed A comprehensive introduction to the fundamental physics of energy
outside of class; in-class time is dedicated to problem-solving and systems that emphasizes quantitative analysis. Focuses on the
discussion. Students taking graduate version complete additional fundamental physical principles underlying energy processes and on
assignments. the application of these principles to practical calculations. Applies
P. Harris mechanics and electromagnetism to energy systems; introduces and
applies basic ideas from thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and
8.18 Research Problems in Undergraduate Physics nuclear physics. Examines energy sources, conversion, transport,
Prereq: Permission of instructor losses, storage, conservation, and end uses. Analyzes the physics of
U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) side eects, such as global warming and radiation hazards. Provides
Units arranged [P/D/F] students with technical tools and perspective to evaluate energy
Can be repeated for credit. choices quantitatively at both national policy and personal levels.
R. Jae
Opportunity for undergraduates to engage in experimental or
theoretical research under the supervision of a sta member.
Specic approval required in each case.
Consult N. Mavalvala
14 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.223 Classical Mechanics II 8.226 Forty-three Orders of Magnitude
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Prereq: (8.04 and 8.044) or permission of instructor
U (IAP) Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring)
2-0-4 units Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
3-0-9 units
A broad, theoretical treatment of classical mechanics, useful in its
own right for treating complex dynamical problems, but essential to Examines the widespread societal implications of current scientic
understanding the foundations of quantum mechanics and statistical discoveries in physics across forty-three orders of magnitude in
physics. Generalized coordinates, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian length scale. Addresses topics ranging from climate change to
formulations, canonical transformations, and Poisson brackets. nuclear nonproliferation. Students develop their ability to express
Applications to continuous media. The relativistic Lagrangian and concepts at a level accessible to the public and to present a well-
Maxwell's equations. reasoned argument on a topic that is a part of the national debate.
Sta, M. Evans Requires diverse writing assignments, including substantial papers.
Enrollment limited.
8.224 Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity and J. Conrad
Astrophysics
Prereq: 8.033 or 8.20 8.228 Relativity II
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered Prereq: 8.033 or permission of instructor
Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) U (IAP)
3-0-9 units 2-0-4 units
Study of physical eects in the vicinity of a black hole as a basis A fast-paced and intensive introduction to general relativity, covering
for understanding general relativity, astrophysics, and elements advanced topics beyond the 8.033 curriculum. Provides students
of cosmology. Extension to current developments in theory and with a foundation for research relying on knowledge of general
observation. Energy and momentum in flat space-time; the metric; relativity, including gravitational waves and cosmology. Additional
curvature of space-time near rotating and nonrotating centers of topics in curvature, weak gravity, and cosmology.
attraction; trajectories and orbits of particles and light; elementary T. Slatyer
models of the Cosmos. Weekly meetings include an evening seminar
and recitation. The last third of the term is reserved for collaborative 8.231 Physics of Solids I
research projects on topics such as the Global Positioning System, Prereq: 8.044; Coreq: 8.05
solar system tests of relativity, descending into a black hole, U (Fall)
gravitational lensing, gravitational waves, Gravity Probe B, and more 4-0-8 units
advanced models of the cosmos. Subject has online components
that are open to selected MIT alumni. Alumni wishing to participate Introduction to the basic concepts of the quantum theory of solids.
should contact Professor Bertschinger at [email protected]. Limited to Topics: periodic structure and symmetry of crystals; diraction;
40. reciprocal lattice; chemical bonding; lattice dynamics, phonons,
E. Bertschinger thermal properties; free electron gas; model of metals; Bloch
theorem and band structure, nearly free electron approximation;
8.225[J] Einstein, Oppenheimer, Feynman: Physics in the 20th tight binding method; Fermi surface; semiconductors, electrons,
Century holes, impurities; optical properties, excitons; and magnetism.
Same subject as STS.042[J] S. Todadri
Prereq: None
Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring)
Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
3-0-9 units. HASS-H
See description under subject STS.042[J]. Enrollment limited.
D. I. Kaiser
Department of Physics | 15
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.241 Introduction to Biological Physics 8.276 Nuclear and Particle Physics
Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and (8.044 or (5.601 and 5.602)) Prereq: 8.033 and 8.04
Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring) U (Spring)
Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered Not oered regularly; consult department
4-0-8 units 4-0-8 units
Credit cannot also be received for 20.315, 20.415
Presents a modern view of the fundamental structure of matter.
Introduces the main concepts of biological physics, with a focus Starting from the Standard Model, which views leptons and quarks
on biophysical phenomena at the molecular and cellular scales. as basic building blocks of matter, establishes the properties
Presents the role of entropy and diusive transport in living matter; and interactions of these particles. Explores applications of this
challenges to life resulting from the highly viscous environment phenomenology to both particle and nuclear physics. Emphasizes
present at microscopic scales, including constraints on force, current topics in nuclear and particle physics research at MIT.
motion and transport within cells, tissues, and fluids; principles Intended for students with a basic knowledge of relativity and
of how cellular machinery (e.g., molecular motors) can convert quantum physics concepts.
electro-chemical energy sources to mechanical forces and motion. M. Williams
Also covers polymer physics relevant to DNA and other biological
polymers, including the study of congurations, fluctuations, 8.277 Introduction to Particle Accelerators
rigidity, and entropic elasticity. Meets with 20.315 and 20.415 when Prereq: (6.2300 or 8.07) and permission of instructor
oered concurrently. U (Fall, IAP, Spring)
J. Gore Not oered regularly; consult department
Units arranged
8.245[J] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity Can be repeated for credit.
Same subject as 5.003[J], 10.382[J], HST.439[J]
Subject meets with 5.002[J], 10.380[J], HST.438[J] Principles of acceleration: beam properties; linear accelerators,
Prereq: None synchrotrons, and storage rings. Accelerator technologies:
U (Spring) radio frequency cavities, bending and focusing magnets, beam
Not oered regularly; consult department diagnostics. Particle beam optics and dynamics. Special topics:
2-0-1 units measures of accelerators performance in science, medicine and
industry; synchrotron radiation sources; free electron lasers; high-
See description under subject HST.439[J]. HST.438[J] intended for energy colliders; and accelerators for radiation therapy. May be
rst-year students; all others should take HST.439[J]. repeated for credit for a maximum of 12 units.
A. Chakraborty W. Barletta
8.251 String Theory for Undergraduates 8.282[J] Introduction to Astronomy
Prereq: 8.033, 8.044, and 8.05 Same subject as 12.402[J]
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered Prereq: Physics I (GIR)
Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) U (Spring)
4-0-8 units 3-0-6 units. REST
Credit cannot also be received for 8.821
Quantitative introduction to the physics of planets, stars, galaxies
Introduction to the main concepts of string theory, i.e., quantum and our universe, from origin to ultimate fate, with emphasis
mechanics of a relativistic string. Develops aspects of string on the physics tools and observational techniques that enable
theory and makes it accessible to students familiar with basic our understanding. Topics include our solar system, extrasolar
electromagnetism and statistical mechanics, including the study of planets; our Sun and other "normal" stars, star formation, evolution
D-branes and string thermodynamics. Meets with 8.821 when oered and death, supernovae, compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron
concurrently. stars, pulsars, stellar-mass black holes); galactic structure, star
H. Liu clusters, interstellar medium, dark matter; other galaxies, quasars,
supermassive black holes, gravitational waves; cosmic large-scale
structure, origin, evolution and fate of our universe, inflation, dark
energy, cosmic microwave background radiation, gravitational
lensing, 21cm tomography. Not usable as a restricted elective by
Physics majors.
M. Tegmark
16 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.284 Modern Astrophysics 8.292[J] Fluid Physics
Prereq: 8.04; Coreq: 8.05 Same subject as 1.066[J], 12.330[J]
U (Fall) Prereq: 5.60, 8.044, or permission of instructor
3-0-9 units Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered
Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring)
Application of physics (Newtonian, statistical, and quantum 3-0-9 units
mechanics; special and general relativity) to fundamental processes
that occur in celestial objects. Includes main-sequence stars, A physics-based introduction to the properties of fluids and fluid
collapsed stars (white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes), systems, with examples drawn from a broad range of sciences,
pulsars, galaxies, active galaxies, quasars, and cosmology. including atmospheric physics and astrophysics. Denitions
Electromagnetic and gravitational radiation signatures of of fluids and the notion of continuum. Equations of state and
astrophysical phenomena explored through examination of continuity, hydrostatics and conservation of momentum; ideal fluids
observational data. No prior knowledge of astronomy required. and Euler's equation; viscosity and the Navier-Stokes equation.
J. Hewitt Energy considerations, fluid thermodynamics, and isentropic
flow. Compressible versus incompressible and rotational versus
8.286 The Early Universe irrotational flow; Bernoulli's theorem; steady flow, streamlines and
Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and 18.03 potential flow. Circulation and vorticity. Kelvin's theorem. Boundary
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered layers. Fluid waves and instabilities. Quantum fluids.
Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) L. Bourouiba
3-0-9 units. REST
8.295 Practical Experience in Physics
Introduction to modern cosmology. First half deals with the Prereq: None
development of the big bang theory from 1915 to 1980, and latter half U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)
with recent impact of particle theory. Topics: special relativity and 0-1-0 units
the Doppler eect, Newtonian cosmological models, introduction Can be repeated for credit.
to non-Euclidean spaces, thermal radiation and early history of
the universe, big bang nucleosynthesis, introduction to grand For Course 8 students participating in o-campus experiences in
unied theories and other recent developments in particle theory, physics. Before registering for this subject, students must have an
baryogenesis, the inflationary universe model, and the evolution of internship oer from a company or organization and must identify
galactic structure. a Physics supervisor. Upon completion of the project, student must
A. Guth submit a letter from the company or organization describing the work
accomplished, along with a substantive nal report from the student
8.287[J] Observational Techniques of Optical Astronomy approved by the MIT supervisor. Subject to departmental approval.
Same subject as 12.410[J] Consult departmental academic oce.
Prereq: 8.282[J], 12.409, or other introductory astronomy course Consult N. Mavalvala
U (Fall)
3-4-8 units. Institute LAB 8.298 Selected Topics in Physics
Prereq: Permission of instructor
See description under subject 12.410[J]. Limited to 18; preference to U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)
Course 8 and Course 12 majors and minors. Units arranged
M. Person, R. Teague Can be repeated for credit.
8.290[J] Extrasolar Planets: Physics and Detection Techniques Presentation of topics of current interest, with content varying from
Same subject as 12.425[J] year to year.
Subject meets with 12.625 Consult I. Stewart
Prereq: 8.03 and 18.03
U (Fall)
3-0-9 units. REST
See description under subject 12.425[J].
S. Seager
Department of Physics | 17
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.299 Physics Teaching 8.S271 Special Subject: Physics
Prereq: None Prereq: None
U (Fall, Spring) Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered
Units arranged [P/D/F] Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring)
Can be repeated for credit. 2-0-4 units
For qualied undergraduate students interested in gaining some Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise
experience in teaching. Laboratory, tutorial, or classroom teaching included in the curriculum.
under the supervision of a faculty member. Students selected by R. Redwine
interview.
Consult N. Mavalvala 8.S30 Special Subject: Physics
Prereq: None
8.EPE UPOP Engineering Practice Experience Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Fall, Spring)
Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
Oered under: 1.EPE, 2.EPE, 3.EPE, 6.EPE, 8.EPE, 10.EPE, 15.EPE, Units arranged
16.EPE, 20.EPE, 22.EPE
Prereq: None Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise
U (Fall, Spring) included in the curriculum.
0-0-1 units A. Bernstein, J. Walsh
Can be repeated for credit.
8.S50 Special Subject: Physics
See description under subject 2.EPE. Application required; consult Prereq: None
UPOP website for more information. U (IAP)
K. Tan-Tiongco, D. Fordell Not oered regularly; consult department
Units arranged [P/D/F]
8.S02 Special Subject: Physics Can be repeated for credit.
Prereq: None
U (Spring) Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise
Not oered regularly; consult department included in the curriculum.
1-0-2 units E. Bertschinger
Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise 8.UR Undergraduate Research
included in the curriculum. Prereq: None
P. Dourmashkin U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)
Units arranged [P/D/F]
8.S227 Special Subject: Physics Can be repeated for credit.
Prereq: None
U (Fall) Research opportunities in physics. For further information, contact
Not oered regularly; consult department the departmental UROP coordinator.
3-0-9 units N. Mavalvala
Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise 8.THU Undergraduate Physics Thesis
included in the curriculum. Prereq: None
R. Price U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)
Units arranged
8.S228 Special Subject: Physics Can be repeated for credit.
Prereq: None
U (IAP) Program of research leading to the writing of an S.B. thesis; to be
Not oered regularly; consult department arranged by the student under approved supervision.
2-0-4 units Information: N. Mavalvala
Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise
included in the curriculum.
T. Slatyer
18 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Graduate Subjects 8.316 Data Science in Physics
Subject meets with 8.16
8.309 Classical Mechanics III Prereq: 8.04 and (6.100A, 6.100B, or permission of instructor)
Subject meets with 8.09 Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Spring)
Prereq: None Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
G (Fall, Spring) 3-0-9 units
4-0-8 units Aims to present modern computational methods by providing
Covers Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, systems with realistic, contemporary examples of how these computational
constraints, rigid body dynamics, vibrations, central forces, methods apply to physics research. Designed around research
Hamilton-Jacobi theory, action-angle variables, perturbation modules in which each module provides experience with a specic
theory, and continuous systems. Provides an introduction to ideal scientic challenge. Modules include: analyzing LIGO open data;
and viscous fluid mechanics, including turbulence, as well as an measuring electroweak boson to quark decays; understanding
introduction to nonlinear dynamics, including chaos. Students taking the cosmic microwave background; and lattice QCD/Ising model.
graduate version complete dierent assignments. Experience in Python helpful but not required. Lectures are viewed
I. Stewart outside of class; in-class time is dedicated to problem-solving and
discussion. Students taking graduate version complete additional
8.311 Electromagnetic Theory I assignments.
Prereq: 8.07 P. Harris
G (Spring)
4-0-8 units 8.321 Quantum Theory I
Prereq: 8.05
Basic principles of electromagnetism: experimental basis, G (Fall)
electrostatics, magnetic elds of steady currents, motional emf and 4-0-8 units
electromagnetic induction, Maxwell's equations, propagation and
radiation of electromagnetic waves, electric and magnetic properties A two-term subject on quantum theory, stressing principles:
of matter, and conservation laws. Subject uses appropriate uncertainty relation, observables, eigenstates, eigenvalues,
mathematics but emphasizes physical phenomena and principles. probabilities of the results of measurement, transformation theory,
J. Belcher equations of motion, and constants of motion. Symmetry in quantum
mechanics, representations of symmetry groups. Variational and
8.315[J] Mathematical Methods in Nanophotonics perturbation approximations. Systems of identical particles and
Same subject as 18.369[J] applications. Time-dependent perturbation theory. Scattering
Prereq: 8.07, 18.303, or permission of instructor theory: phase shis, Born approximation. The quantum theory of
Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Spring) radiation. Second quantization and many-body theory. Relativistic
Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered quantum mechanics of one electron.
3-0-9 units H. Liu
See description under subject 18.369[J].
S. G. Johnson
Department of Physics | 19
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.322 Quantum Theory II 8.325 Relativistic Quantum Field Theory III
Prereq: 8.07 and 8.321 Prereq: 8.324
Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Spring) G (Spring)
Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered 4-0-8 units
4-0-8 units
The third and last term of the quantum eld theory sequence. Its aim
A two-term subject on quantum theory, stressing principles: is the proper theoretical discussion of the physics of the standard
uncertainty relation, observables, eigenstates, eigenvalues, model. Topics: quantum chromodynamics; Higgs phenomenon
probabilities of the results of measurement, transformation theory, and a description of the standard model; deep-inelastic scattering
equations of motion, and constants of motion. Symmetry in quantum and structure functions; basics of lattice gauge theory; operator
mechanics, representations of symmetry groups. Variational and products and eective theories; detailed structure of the standard
perturbation approximations. Systems of identical particles and model; spontaneously broken gauge theory and its quantization;
applications. Time-dependent perturbation theory. Scattering instantons and theta-vacua; topological defects; introduction to
theory: phase shis, Born approximation. The quantum theory of supersymmetry.
radiation. Second quantization and many-body theory. Relativistic W. Taylor
quantum mechanics of one electron.
S. Todadri 8.333 Statistical Mechanics I
Prereq: 8.044 and 8.05
8.323 Relativistic Quantum Field Theory I G (Fall)
Prereq: 8.321 4-0-8 units
G (Spring)
4-0-8 units First part of a two-subject sequence on statistical mechanics.
Examines the laws of thermodynamics and the concepts of
A one-term self-contained subject in quantum eld theory. Concepts temperature, work, heat, and entropy. Postulates of classical
and basic techniques are developed through applications in statistical mechanics, microcanonical, canonical, and grand
elementary particle physics, and condensed matter physics. canonical distributions; applications to lattice vibrations, ideal
Topics: classical eld theory, symmetries, and Noether's theorem. gas, photon gas. Quantum statistical mechanics; Fermi and Bose
Quantization of scalar elds, spin elds, and Gauge bosons. systems. Interacting systems: cluster expansions, van der Waal's
Feynman graphs, analytic properties of amplitudes and unitarity gas, and mean-eld theory.
of the S-matrix. Calculations in quantum electrodynamics (QED). M. Kardar
Introduction to renormalization.
T. Slatyer 8.334 Statistical Mechanics II
Prereq: 8.333
8.324 Relativistic Quantum Field Theory II Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Spring)
Prereq: 8.322 and 8.323 Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
G (Fall) 4-0-8 units
4-0-8 units
Second part of a two-subject sequence on statistical mechanics.
The second term of the quantum eld theory sequence. Develops Explores topics from modern statistical mechanics: the
in depth some of the topics discussed in 8.323 and introduces hydrodynamic limit and classical eld theories. Phase transitions
some advanced material. Topics: perturbation theory and Feynman and broken symmetries: universality, correlation functions,
diagrams, scattering theory, Quantum Electrodynamics, one loop and scaling theory. The renormalization approach to collective
renormalization, quantization of non-abelian gauge theories, the phenomena. Dynamic critical behavior. Random systems.
Standard Model of particle physics, other topics. Sta
T. Slatyer
8.351[J] Classical Mechanics: A Computational Approach
Same subject as 6.5160[J], 12.620[J]
Prereq: Physics I (GIR), 18.03, and permission of instructor
G (Fall)
3-3-6 units
See description under subject 12.620[J].
J. Wisdom, G. J. Sussman
20 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.370[J] Quantum Computation 8.391 Pre-Thesis Research
Same subject as 2.111[J], 6.6410[J], 18.435[J] Prereq: Permission of instructor
Prereq: 8.05, 18.06, 18.700, 18.701, or 18.C06[J] G (Fall)
G (Fall) Units arranged [P/D/F]
3-0-9 units Can be repeated for credit.
See description under subject 18.435[J]. Advanced problems in any area of experimental or theoretical
I. Chuang, A. Harrow, P. Shor physics, with assigned reading and consultations.
Sta
8.371[J] Quantum Information Science
Same subject as 6.6420[J], 18.436[J] 8.392 Pre-Thesis Research
Prereq: 18.435[J] Prereq: Permission of instructor
G (Spring) G (Spring, Summer)
3-0-9 units Units arranged [P/D/F]
Can be repeated for credit.
Examines quantum computation and quantum information. Topics
include quantum circuits, the quantum Fourier transform and Advanced problems in any area of experimental or theoretical
search algorithms, the quantum operations formalism, quantum physics, with assigned reading and consultations.
error correction, Calderbank-Shor-Steane and stabilizer codes, Sta
fault tolerant quantum computation, quantum data compression,
quantum entanglement, capacity of quantum channels, and quantum 8.395[J] Teaching College-Level Science and Engineering
cryptography and the proof of its security. Prior knowledge of Same subject as 1.95[J], 5.95[J], 7.59[J], 18.094[J]
quantum mechanics required. Subject meets with 2.978
I. Chuang, A. Harrow Prereq: None
G (Fall)
8.372 Quantum Information Science III 2-0-2 units
Prereq: 8.371[J]
Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Fall) See description under subject 5.95[J].
Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered J. Rankin
3-0-9 units
8.396[J] Leadership and Professional Strategies & Skills
Third subject in the Quantum Information Science (QIS) sequence, Training (LEAPS), Part I: Advancing Your Professional Strategies
building on 8.370[J] and 8.371[J]. Further explores core topics and Skills
in quantum information science, such as quantum information Same subject as 5.961[J], 9.980[J], 12.396[J], 18.896[J]
theory, error-correction, physical implementations, algorithms, Prereq: None
cryptography, and complexity. Draws connections between QIS and G (Spring; second half of term)
related elds, such as many-body physics, and applications such as 2-0-1 units
sensing.
A. Harrow Part I (of two parts) of the LEAPS graduate career development and
training series. Topics include: navigating and charting an academic
8.381, 8.382 Selected Topics in Theoretical Physics career with condence; convincing an audience with clear writing
Prereq: Permission of instructor and arguments; mastering public speaking and communications;
G (Fall, Spring) networking at conferences and building a brand; identifying
Not oered regularly; consult department transferable skills; preparing for a successful job application
3-0-9 units package and job interviews; understanding group dynamics and
dierent leadership styles; leading a group or team with purpose
Topics of current interest in theoretical physics, varying from year to and condence. Postdocs encouraged to attend as non-registered
year. Subject not routinely oered; given when sucient interest is participants. Limited to 80.
indicated. A. Frebel
Sta
Department of Physics | 21
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.397[J] Leadership and Professional Strategies & Skills Physics of Atoms, Radiation, Solids, Fluids, and Plasmas
Training (LEAPS), Part II: Developing Your Leadership
Competencies 8.421 Atomic and Optical Physics I
Same subject as 5.962[J], 9.981[J], 12.397[J], 18.897[J] Prereq: 8.05
Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Spring)
G (Spring; rst half of term) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
2-0-1 units 3-0-9 units
Part II (of two parts) of the LEAPS graduate career development and The rst of a two-term subject sequence that provides the
training series. Topics covered include gaining self awareness and foundations for contemporary research in selected areas of atomic
awareness of others, and communicating with dierent personality and optical phsyics. The interaction of radiation with atoms:
types; learning about team building practices; strategies for resonance; absorption, stimulated and spontaneous emission;
recognizing and resolving conflict and bias; advocating for diversity methods of resonance, dressed atom formalism, masers and lasers,
and inclusion; becoming organizationally savvy; having the courage cavity quantum electrodynamics; structure of simple atoms, behavior
to be an ethical leader; coaching, mentoring, and developing others; in very strong elds; fundamental tests: time reversal, parity
championing, accepting, and implementing change. Postdocs violations, Bell's inequalities; and experimental methods.
encouraged to attend as non-registered participants. Limited to 80. M. Zwierlein
D. Rigos
8.422 Atomic and Optical Physics II
8.398 Selected Topics in Graduate Physics Prereq: 8.05
Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered
G (Fall, Spring) Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring)
Units arranged 3-0-9 units
Can be repeated for credit.
The second of a two-term subject sequence that provides the
A seminar for rst-year PhD students presenting topics of current foundations for contemporary research in selected areas of atomic
interest, with content varying from year to year. Open only to rst- and optical physics. Non-classical states of light- squeezed states;
year graduate students in Physics. multi-photon processes, Raman scattering; coherence- level
Consult J. Thaler crossings, quantum beats, double resonance, superradiance;
trapping and cooling- light forces, laser cooling, atom optics,
8.399 Physics Teaching spectroscopy of trapped atoms and ions; atomic interactions-
Prereq: Permission of instructor classical collisions, quantum scattering theory, ultracold collisions;
G (Fall, Spring) and experimental methods.
Units arranged [P/D/F] Sta
Can be repeated for credit.
8.431[J] Nonlinear Optics
For qualied graduate students interested in gaining some Same subject as 6.6340[J]
experience in teaching. Laboratory, tutorial, or classroom teaching Prereq: 6.2300 or 8.03
under the supervision of a faculty member. Students selected by G (Spring)
interview. 3-0-9 units
Consult C. Paus
See description under subject 6.6340[J].
J. G. Fujimoto
22 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.481, 8.482 Selected Topics in Physics of Atoms and Radiation 8.513 Many-Body Theory for Condensed Matter Systems
Prereq: 8.321 Prereq: 8.033, 8.05, 8.08, and 8.231
G (Fall, Spring) Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Fall)
Not oered regularly; consult department Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
3-0-9 units 3-0-9 units
Presentation of topics of current interest, with content varying from Concepts and physical pictures behind various phenomena that
year to year. Subject not routinely oered; given when sucient appear in interacting many-body systems. Visualization occurs
interest is indicated. through concentration on path integral, mean-eld theories and
Sta semiclassical picture of fluctuations around mean-eld state. Topics
covered: interacting boson/fermion systems, Fermi liquid theory
8.511 Theory of Solids I and bosonization, symmetry breaking and nonlinear sigma-model,
Prereq: 8.231 quantum gauge theory, quantum Hall theory, mean-eld theory
G (Fall) of spin liquids and quantum order, string-net condensation and
3-0-9 units emergence of light and fermions.
X-G. Wen
First term of a theoretical treatment of the physics of solids. Concept
of elementary excitations. Symmetry- translational, rotational, and 8.514 Strongly Correlated Systems in Condensed Matter Physics
time-reversal invariances- theory of representations. Energy bands- Prereq: 8.322 and 8.333
electrons and phonons. Topological band theory. Survey of electronic Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered
structure of metals, semimetals, semiconductors, and insulators, Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring)
excitons, critical points, response functions, and interactions in the 3-0-9 units
electron gas. Theory of superconductivity.
L. Levitov Study of condensed matter systems where interactions between
electrons play an important role. Topics vary depending on lecturer
8.512 Theory of Solids II but may include low-dimension magnetic and electronic systems,
Prereq: 8.511 disorder and quantum transport, magnetic impurities (the Kondo
G (Spring) problem), quantum spin systems, the Hubbard model and high-
3-0-9 units temperature superconductors. Topics are chosen to illustrate the
application of diagrammatic techniques, eld-theory approaches,
Second term of a theoretical treatment of the physics of solids. and renormalization group methods in condensed matter physics.
Interacting electron gas: many-body formulation, Feynman S. Todadri
diagrams, random phase approximation and beyond. General
theory of linear response: dielectric function; sum rules; plasmons; 8.581, 8.582 Selected Topics in Condensed Matter Physics
optical properties; applications to semiconductors, metals, and Prereq: Permission of instructor
insulators. Transport properties: non-interacting electron gas Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered
with impurities, diusons. Quantum Hall eect: integral and Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring)
fractional. Electron-phonon interaction: general theory, applications 3-0-9 units
to metals, semiconductors and insulators, polarons, and eld- Can be repeated for credit.
theory description. Superconductivity: experimental observations,
phenomenological theories, and BCS theory. Presentation of topics of current interest, with contents varying from
L. Levitov year to year. Subject not routinely oered; given when sucient
interest is indicated.
Sta
Department of Physics | 23
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.590[J] Topics in Biophysics and Physical Biology 8.593[J] Biological Physics
Same subject as 7.74[J], 20.416[J] Same subject as HST.450[J]
Prereq: None Prereq: 8.044 recommended but not necessary
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered G (Spring)
Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Fall) Not oered regularly; consult department
2-0-4 units 4-0-8 units
Provides broad exposure to research in biophysics and physical Designed to provide seniors and rst-year graduate students with
biology, with emphasis on the critical evaluation of scientic a quantitative, analytical understanding of selected biological
literature. Weekly meetings include in-depth discussion of scientic phenomena. Topics include experimental and theoretical basis
literature led by distinct faculty on active research topics. Each for the phase boundaries and equation of state of concentrated
session also includes brief discussion of non-research topics protein solutions, with application to diseases such as sickle
including eective presentation skills, writing papers and fellowship cell anemia and cataract. Protein-ligand binding and linkage
proposals, choosing scientic and technical research topics, time and the theory of allosteric regulation of protein function, with
management, and scientic ethics. application to proteins as stores as transporters in respiration,
J. Gore, N. Fakhri enzymes in metabolic pathways, membrane receptors, regulators
of gene expression, and self-assembling scaolds. The physics of
8.591[J] Systems Biology locomotion and chemoreception in bacteria and the biophysics of
Same subject as 7.81[J] vision, including the theory of transparency of the eye, molecular
Subject meets with 7.32 basis of photo reception, and the detection of light as a signal-to-
Prereq: (18.03 and 18.05) or permission of instructor noise discrimination.
G (Fall) G. Benedek
3-0-9 units
8.613[J] Introduction to Plasma Physics I
Introduction to cellular and population-level systems biology with Same subject as 22.611[J]
an emphasis on synthetic biology, modeling of genetic networks, Prereq: (6.2300 or 8.07) and (18.04 or Coreq: 18.075)
cell-cell interactions, and evolutionary dynamics. Cellular systems G (Fall)
include genetic switches and oscillators, network motifs, genetic 3-0-9 units
network evolution, and cellular decision-making. Population-
level systems include models of pattern formation, cell-cell See description under subject 22.611[J].
communication, and evolutionary systems biology. Students taking N. Loureiro, I. Hutchinson
graduate version explore the subject in more depth.
J. Gore 8.614[J] Introduction to Plasma Physics II
Same subject as 22.612[J]
8.592[J] Statistical Physics in Biology Prereq: 22.611[J]
Same subject as HST.452[J] Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered
Prereq: 8.333 or permission of instructor Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring)
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered 3-0-9 units
Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring)
3-0-9 units See description under subject 22.612[J].
N. Loureiro
A survey of problems at the interface of statistical physics and
modern biology: bioinformatic methods for extracting information
content of DNA; gene nding, sequence comparison, phylogenetic
trees. Physical interactions responsible for structure of biopolymers;
DNA double helix, secondary structure of RNA, elements of protein
folding. Considerations of force, motion, and packaging; protein
motors, membranes. Collective behavior of biological elements;
cellular networks, neural networks, and evolution.
M. Kardar, L. Mirny
24 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.624 Plasma Waves 8.642 Physics of High-Energy Plasmas II
Prereq: 22.611[J] Prereq: 22.611[J]
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered G (Fall)
Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring) Not oered regularly; consult department
3-0-9 units 3-0-9 units
Comprehensive theory of electromagnetic waves in a magnetized Physics of High-Energy Plasmas I and II address basic concepts of
plasma. Wave propagation in cold and hot plasmas. Energy flow. plasmas, with temperatures of thermonuclear interest, relevant
Absorption by Landau and cyclotron damping and by transit time to fusion research and astrophysics. Microscopic transport
magnetic pumping (TTMP). Wave propagation in inhomogeneous processes due to interparticle collisions and collective modes (e.g.,
plasma: accessibility, WKB theory, mode conversion, connection microinstabilities). Relevant macroscopic transport coecients
formulae, and Budden tunneling. Applications to RF plasma heating, (electrical resistivity, thermal conductivities, particle "diusion").
wave propagation in the ionosphere and laser-plasma interactions. Runaway and slide-away regimes. Magnetic reconnection
Wave propagation in toroidal plasmas, and applications to ion processes and their relevance to experimental observations.
cyclotron (ICRF), electron cyclotron (ECRH), and lower hybrid (LHH) Radiation emission from inhomogeneous plasmas. Conditions for
wave heating. Quasi-linear theory and applications to RF current thermonuclear burning and ignition (D-T and "advanced" fusion
drive in tokamaks. Extensive discussion of relevant experimental reactions, plasmas with polarized nuclei). Role of "impurity" nuclei.
observations. "Finite-β" (pressure) regimes and ballooning modes. Convective
M. Porkolab modes in conguration and velocity space. Trapped particle regimes.
Nonlinear and explosive instabilities. Interaction of positive and
8.641 Physics of High-Energy Plasmas I negative energy modes. Each subject can be taken independently.
Prereq: 22.611[J] Sta
G (Fall)
Not oered regularly; consult department 8.670[J] Principles of Plasma Diagnostics
3-0-9 units Same subject as 22.67[J]
Prereq: 22.611[J]
Physics of High-Energy Plasmas I and II address basic concepts of Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Fall)
plasmas, with temperatures of thermonuclear interest, relevant Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
to fusion research and astrophysics. Microscopic transport 4-4-4 units
processes due to interparticle collisions and collective modes (e.g.,
microinstabilities). Relevant macroscopic transport coecients See description under subject 22.67[J].
(electrical resistivity, thermal conductivities, particle "diusion"). J. Hare, A. White
Runaway and slide-away regimes. Magnetic reconnection
processes and their relevance to experimental observations. 8.681, 8.682 Selected Topics in Fluid and Plasma Physics
Radiation emission from inhomogeneous plasmas. Conditions for Prereq: 22.611[J]
thermonuclear burning and ignition (D-T and "advanced" fusion G (Fall, Spring)
reactions, plasmas with polarized nuclei). Role of "impurity" nuclei. Not oered regularly; consult department
"Finite-β" (pressure) regimes and ballooning modes. Convective 3-0-9 units
modes in conguration and velocity space. Trapped particle regimes. Can be repeated for credit.
Nonlinear and explosive instabilities. Interaction of positive and
negative energy modes. Each subject can be taken independently. Presentation of topics of current interest, with content varying from
Sta year to year. Subject not routinely oered; given when interest is
indicated.
Consult M. Porkolab
Department of Physics | 25
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Nuclear and Particle Physics 8.751[J] Quantum Technology and Devices
Same subject as 22.51[J]
8.701 Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics Subject meets with 22.022
Prereq: None. Coreq: 8.321 Prereq: 22.11
G (Fall) G (Spring)
3-0-9 units 3-0-9 units
The phenomenology and experimental foundations of particle and See description under subject 22.51[J].
nuclear physics; the fundamental forces and particles, composites. P. Cappellaro
Interactions of particles with matter, and detectors. SU(2), SU(3),
models of mesons and baryons. QED, weak interactions, parity 8.781, 8.782 Selected Topics in Nuclear Theory
violation, lepton-nucleon scattering, and structure functions. QCD, Prereq: 8.323
gluon eld and color. W and Z elds, electro-weak unication, G (Fall, Spring)
the CKM matrix. Nucleon-nucleon interactions, properties of Not oered regularly; consult department
nuclei, single- and collective- particle models. Electron and hadron 3-0-9 units
interactions with nuclei. Relativistic heavy ion collisions, and
transition to quark-gluon plasma. Presents topics of current interest in nuclear structure and reaction
M. Williams theory, with content varying from year to year. Subject not routinely
oered; given when sucient interest is indicated.
8.711 Nuclear Physics Consult E. Farhi
Prereq: 8.321 and 8.701
G (Spring) 8.811 Particle Physics
4-0-8 units Prereq: 8.701
G (Fall)
Modern, advanced study in the experimental foundations and 3-0-9 units
theoretical understanding of the structure of nuclei, beginning with
the two- and three-nucleon problems. Basic nuclear properties, Modern review of particles, interactions, and recent experiments.
collective and single-particle motion, giant resonances, mean Experimental and analytical methods. QED, electroweak theory,
eld models, interacting boson model. Nuclei far from stability, and the Standard Model as tested in recent key experiments at ee
nuclear astrophysics, big-bang and stellar nucleosynthesis. Electron and pp colliders. Mass generation, W, Z, and Higgs physics. Weak
scattering: nucleon momentum distributions, scaling, olarization decays of mesons, including heavy flavors with QCD corrections.
observables. Parity-violating electron scattering. Neutrino physics. Mixing phenomena for K, D, B mesons and neutrinos. CP violation
Current results in relativistic heavy ion physics and hadronic physics. with results from B-factories. Future physics expectations: Higgs,
Frontiers and future facilities. SUSY, sub-structure as addressed by new experiments at the LHC
O. Hen collider.
L. Winslow
8.712 Advanced Topics in Nuclear Physics
Prereq: 8.711 or permission of instructor 8.812 Graduate Experimental Physics
G (Fall, Spring) Prereq: 8.701
Not oered regularly; consult department G (IAP)
3-0-9 units Not oered regularly; consult department
Can be repeated for credit. 1-8-3 units
Subject for experimentalists and theorists with rotation of the Provides practical experience in particle detection with verication
following topics: (1) Nuclear chromodynamics-- introduction to QCD, by (Feynman) calculations. Students perform three experiments;
structure of nucleons, lattice QCD, phases of hadronic matter; and at least one requires actual construction following design. Topics
relativistic heavy ion collisions. (2) Medium-energy physics-- nuclear include Compton eect, Fermi constant in muon decay, particle
and nucleon structure and dynamics studied with medium- and high- identication by time-of-flight, Cerenkov light, calorimeter response,
energy probes (neutrinos, photons, electrons, nucleons, pions, and tunnel eect in radioactive decays, angular distribution of cosmic
kaons). Studies of weak and strong interactions. rays, scattering, gamma-gamma nuclear correlations, and modern
Sta particle localization.
U. Becker
26 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.821 String Theory 8.871 Selected Topics in Theoretical Particle Physics
Prereq: 8.324 Prereq: 8.323
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered
Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Fall) Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Fall)
3-0-9 units 3-0-9 units
Credit cannot also be received for 8.251 Can be repeated for credit.
An introduction to string theory. Basics of conformal eld theory; Presents topics of current interest in theoretical particle physics,
light-cone and covariant quantization of the relativistic bosonic with content varying from year to year. Subject not routinely oered;
string; quantization and spectrum of supersymmetric 10-dimensional given when sucient interest is indicated.
string theories; T-duality and D-branes; toroidal compactication F. Wilczek
and orbifolds; 11-dimensional supergravity and M-theory. Meets with
8.251 when oered concurrently. 8.872 Selected Topics in Theoretical Particle Physics
H. Liu Prereq: 8.323
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered
8.831 Supersymmetric Quantum Field Theories Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Fall, Spring)
Prereq: Permission of instructor 3-0-9 units
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered Can be repeated for credit.
Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring)
3-0-9 units Presents topics of current interest in theoretical particle physics,
Can be repeated for credit. with content varying from year to year. Subject not routinely oered;
given when sucient interest is indicated.
Topics selected from the following: SUSY algebras and their particle W. Taylor
representations; Weyl and Majorana spinors; Lagrangians of basic
four-dimensional SUSY theories, both rigid SUSY and supergravity; 8.881, 8.882 Selected Topics in Experimental Particle Physics
supermultiplets of elds and superspace methods; renormalization Prereq: 8.811
properties, and the non-renormalization theorem; spontaneous G (Fall, Spring)
breakdown of SUSY; and phenomenological SUSY theories. Some Not oered regularly; consult department
prior knowledge of Noether's theorem, derivation and use of 3-0-9 units
Feynman rules, l-loop renormalization, and gauge theories is Can be repeated for credit.
essential.
J. Thaler Presents topics of current interest in experimental particle physics,
with content varying from year to year. Subject not routinely oered;
8.851 Eective Field Theory given when sucient interest is indicated.
Prereq: 8.324 Sta
Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Spring)
Acad Year 2024-2025: Not oered
3-0-9 units
Credit cannot also be received for 8.S851
Covers the framework and tools of eective eld theory, including:
identifying degrees of freedom and symmetries; power counting
expansions (dimensional and otherwise); eld redenitions, bottom-
up and top-down eective theories; ne-tuned eective theories;
matching and Wilson coecients; reparameterization invariance;
and advanced renormalization group techniques. Main examples are
taken from particle and nuclear physics, including the So-Collinear
Eective Theory.
I. Stewart
Department of Physics | 27
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Space Physics and Astrophysics 8.913 Plasma Astrophysics I
Prereq: Permission of instructor
8.901 Astrophysics I G (Fall)
Prereq: Permission of instructor Not oered regularly; consult department
G (Spring) 3-0-9 units
3-0-9 units
For students interested in space physics, astrophysics, and plasma
Size and time scales. Historical astronomy. Astronomical physics in general. Magnetospheres of rotating magnetized
instrumentation. Stars: spectra and classication. Stellar structure planets, ordinary stars, neutron stars, and black holes. Pulsar
equations and survey of stellar evolution. Stellar oscillations. models: processes for slowing down, particle acceleration, and
Degenerate and collapsed stars; radio pulsars. Interacting radiation emission; accreting plasmas and x-ray stars; stellar winds;
binary systems; accretion disks, x-ray sources. Gravitational heliosphere and solar wind- relevant magnetic eld conguration,
lenses; dark matter. Interstellar medium: HII regions, supernova measured particle distribution in velocity space and induced
remnants, molecular clouds, dust; radiative transfer; Jeans' mass; collective modes; stability of the current sheet and collisionless
star formation. High-energy astrophysics: Compton scattering, processes for magnetic reconnection; theory of collisionless shocks;
bremsstrahlung, synchrotron radiation, cosmic rays. Galactic stellar solitons; Ferroaro-Rosenbluth sheet; solar flare models; heating
distributions and populations; Oort constants; Oort limit; and processes of the solar corona; Earth's magnetosphere (auroral
globular clusters. phenomena and their interpretation, bowshock, magnetotail,
S. Hughes trapped particle eects); relationship between gravitational
(galactic) plasmas and electromagnetic plasmas. 8.913 deals with
8.902 Astrophysics II heliospheric, 8.914 with extra-heliospheric plasmas.
Prereq: 8.901 Sta
G (Fall)
3-0-9 units 8.914 Plasma Astrophysics II
Prereq: Permission of instructor
Galactic dynamics: potential theory, orbits, collisionless Boltzmann G (Spring)
equation, etc. Galaxy interactions. Groups and clusters; dark Not oered regularly; consult department
matter. Intergalactic medium; x-ray clusters. Active galactic nuclei: 3-0-9 units
unied models, black hole accretion, radio and optical jets, etc.
Homogeneity and isotropy, redshi, galaxy distance ladder. For students interested in space physics, astrophysics, and plasma
Newtonian cosmology. Roberston-Walker models and cosmography. physics in general. Magnetospheres of rotating magnetized
Early universe, primordial nucleosynthesis, recombination. Cosmic planets, ordinary stars, neutron stars, and black holes. Pulsar
microwave background radiation. Large-scale structure, galaxy models: processes for slowing down, particle acceleration, and
formation. radiation emission; accreting plasmas and x-ray stars; stellar winds;
M. McDonald heliosphere and solar wind- relevant magnetic eld conguration,
measured particle distribution in velocity space and induced
collective modes; stability of the current sheet and collisionless
processes for magnetic reconnection; theory of collisionless shocks;
solitons; Ferroaro-Rosenbluth sheet; solar flare models; heating
processes of the solar corona; Earth's magnetosphere (auroral
phenomena and their interpretation, bowshock, magnetotail,
trapped particle eects); relationship between gravitational
(galactic) plasmas and electromagnetic plasmas. 8.913 deals with
heliospheric, 8.914 with extra-heliospheric plasmas.
B. Coppi
28 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.921 Stellar Structure and Evolution 8.962 General Relativity
Prereq: Permission of instructor Prereq: 8.07, 18.03, and 18.06
G (Spring) G (Spring)
Not oered regularly; consult department 4-0-8 units
3-0-9 units
The basic principles of Einstein's general theory of relativity,
Observable stellar characteristics; overview of observational dierential geometry, experimental tests of general relativity, black
information. Principles underlying calculations of stellar structure. holes, and cosmology.
Physical processes in stellar interiors; properties of matter and A. Guth
radiation; radiative, conductive, and convective heat transport;
nuclear energy generation; nucleosynthesis; and neutrino emission. 8.971 Astrophysics Seminar
Protostars; the main sequence, and the solar neutrino flux; advanced Prereq: Permission of instructor
evolutionary stages; variable stars; planetary nebulae, supernovae, G (Fall, Spring)
white dwarfs, and neutron stars; close binary systems; and Not oered regularly; consult department
abundance of chemical elements. 2-0-4 units
Sta Can be repeated for credit.
8.942 Cosmology Advanced seminar on current topics, with a dierent focus each
Prereq: Permission of instructor term. Typical topics: astronomical instrumentation, numerical and
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered statistical methods in astrophysics, gravitational lenses, neutron
Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Fall) stars and pulsars.
3-0-9 units Consult D. Chakrabarty
Thermal backgrounds in space. Cosmological principle and its 8.972 Astrophysics Seminar
consequences: Newtonian cosmology and types of "universes"; Prereq: Permission of instructor
survey of relativistic cosmology; horizons. Overview of evolution in G (Fall, Spring)
cosmology; radiation and element synthesis; physical models of Not oered regularly; consult department
the "early stages." Formation of large-scale structure to variability 2-0-4 units
of physical laws. First and last states. Some knowledge of relativity Can be repeated for credit.
expected. 8.962 recommended though not required.
K. Masui Advanced seminar on current topics, with a dierent focus each term.
Typical topics: gravitational lenses, active galactic nuclei, neutron
8.952 Particle Physics of the Early Universe stars and pulsars, galaxy formation, supernovae and supernova
Prereq: 8.323; Coreq: 8.324 remnants, brown dwarfs, and extrasolar planetary systems. The
Acad Year 2023-2024: Not oered presenter at each session is selected by drawing names from a hat
Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring) containing those of all attendees. Oered if sucient interest is
3-0-9 units indicated.
Consult D. Chakrabarty
Basics of general relativity, standard big bang cosmology,
thermodynamics of the early universe, cosmic background radiation, 8.981, 8.982 Selected Topics in Astrophysics
primordial nucleosynthesis, basics of the standard model of particle Prereq: Permission of instructor
physics, electroweak and QCD phase transition, basics of group G (Spring)
theory, grand unied theories, baryon asymmetry, monopoles, Not oered regularly; consult department
cosmic strings, domain walls, axions, inflationary universe, and 3-0-9 units
structure formation. Can be repeated for credit.
A. Guth
Topics of current interest, varying from year to year. Subject not
routinely oered; given when sucient interest is indicated.
Consult D. Chakrabarty
Department of Physics | 29
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.995 Practical Experience in Physics 8.S372 Special Subject: Physics
Prereq: None Prereq: None
G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) G (Spring)
Units arranged [P/D/F] 3-0-9 units
Can be repeated for credit.
Covers topics in Physics that are not oered in the regular
For Course 8 students participating in o-campus experiences in curriculum.
physics. Before registering for this subject, students must have A. Harrow
an internship oer from a company or organization, must identify
a Physics supervisor, and must receive prior approval from the 8.S396 Special Subject: Physics
Physics Department. Upon completion of the project, student must Prereq: None
submit a letter from the company or organization describing the work G (Spring; rst half of term)
accomplished, along with a substantive nal report from the student Not oered regularly; consult department
approved by the MIT supervisor. Consult departmental academic Units arranged [P/D/F]
oce.
Consult N. Mavalvala Covers topics in Physics that are not oered in the regular
curriculum.
8.998 Teaching and Mentoring MIT Students (New) A. Frebel
Prereq: None
U (Fall, Spring) 8.S397 Special Subject: Physics
2-0-1 units Prereq: None
G (Spring; second half of term)
Designed for rst-time physics mentors and others interested in Not oered regularly; consult department
improving their knowledge and skills in teaching one-on-one and Units arranged [P/D/F]
in small groups, particularly TEAL TAs and graduate student TAs.
Topics include: cognition, metacognition, and the role of aect; Covers topics in Physics that are not oered in the regular
communication skills (practice listening, questioning, and eliciting curriculum.
student ideas); the roles of motivation and mindset in learning; A. Frebel
fostering belonging and self-ecacy through peer mentorship;
facilitating small-group interactions to enhance peer instruction 8.S421 Special Subject: Physics
and learning; physics-specic learning strategies, such as how to Prereq: Permission of instructor
teach/learn problem solving; research-based techniques for eective G (IAP)
mentorship in STEM. Includes a one-hour class on pedagogy Units arranged
topics, a one-hour weekly Physics Mentoring Community of Practice Can be repeated for credit.
meeting, and weekly assignments to read or watch material in Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise
preparation for class discussions, and written reflections before included in the curriculum.
class. W. Ketterle
E. Bertschinger
8.S50 Special Subject: Physics
8.S301 Special Subject: Physics Prereq: None
Prereq: Permission of instructor U (IAP)
G (Spring) Not oered regularly; consult department
Not oered regularly; consult department Units arranged [P/D/F]
Units arranged Can be repeated for credit.
Covers topics in Physics that are not oered in the regular Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise
curriculum. Limited enrollment; preference to Physics graduate included in the curriculum.
students. E. Bertschinger
A. Lightman
30 | Department of Physics
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
8.S998 Special Subject: Physics
Prereq: None
U (Fall, Spring)
Not oered regularly; consult department
2-0-1 units
Opportunity for group study of subjects in physics not otherwise
included in the curriculum.
E. Bertschinger
8.THG Graduate Physics Thesis
Prereq: Permission of instructor
G (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer)
Units arranged
Can be repeated for credit.
Program of research leading to the writing of an SM, PhD, or ScD
thesis; to be arranged by the student and an appropriate MIT faculty
member.
Consult I. Stewart
Department of Physics | 31
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