ASSIGNMENT 2 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Computing Fundamental

Submission date Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Nguyen Tuan Anh Student ID BH01133

Class CF02.03 Assessor name NGUYEN THANH TRIEU

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand
that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Anh

❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Lecturer Signature:
Table of Contents
I. Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................2
1. What is an Internet?.............................................................................................................................................2
2. The number system:.............................................................................................................................................3
II. Content..................................................................................................................................................................4
1. Describes the Internet’s addressing system. Why divide Internet...................................................................4
a. What is a Internet addressing system..................................................................................................................4
b. How do IP addresses work?................................................................................................................................4
c. . Why divide Internet address into classes?........................................................................................................5
2. Convert the following 8-bit binary values into their denary (base 10) equivalent. You must show your
working out?.................................................................................................................................................................5
a. 00110111...........................................................................................................................................................6
b. 10101111............................................................................................................................................................6
a. 11010110............................................................................................................................................................7
3. Convert the following denary (base 10) values into their 8-bit binary equivalent. You must show your
working out...................................................................................................................................................................7
a. 31........................................................................................................................................................................7
b. 104......................................................................................................................................................................8
c. 210......................................................................................................................................................................8
4. Write an Essay "Are Computers Good or Bad for Today's Youth"...............................................................9
III. Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................................10
IV. Reference List.....................................................................................................................................................11

Table of figure
Figure 1: Internet address...................................................................................................................................................................................................................6

1
I. Introduction
1. What is an Internet?
 The Internet is a globally connected network system that facilitates communication and data services
through a vast collection of private, public, business, academic, and government networks.
 The Internet is decentralized, which means there is no central authority governing its operations. To
enable communication between devices, the internet relies on protocols and standards that govern how
small units of data are formatted, addressed, and transmitted.
 The terms internet and World Wide Web (WWW) are often used as synonyms, but technically they are
not the same thing. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and networks. The
World Wide Web is a service that uses the Internet’s infrastructure to provide digital devices and
applications with access to websites. Popular internet services include email, VoIP (Voice over IP), and
SMS (Short Message Service).
 The Internet is a complex network of interconnected networks governed by protocols and standards.
 The foundation of the Internet is built on a protocol called IP (Internet Protocol). IP provides a set of
rules that govern how data is transmitted across networks. Every device connected to the internet is
assigned a unique IP address which serves as its virtual identifier.
 IP addresses play a crucial role in routing data packets between different devices and ensuring the
delivery of information across the internet. When a new computing device connects to the internet, it is
assigned an IP address, either dynamically (temporary assignment) or statically (fixed assignment). The
IP address allows other devices and servers to locate and communicate with the new device on the
network.
 There are two main types of IP addresses: IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 addresses consist of four sets of numbers
separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.0.1), while IPv6 addresses are longer and consist of eight groups of
hexadecimal numbers separated by colons (for example, 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
 When data is sent over the internet, it is broken down into small units called packets. These packets
contain information about the source, destination, and sequence of the packets – as well as the actual data
itself. The process of routing these packets efficiently through the network to reach their intended
destination is called packet switching.
 Routers play a crucial role in directing data packets to their destination. Routers communicate with each
other and exchange information about network routes to ensure that packets are forwarded along the
most efficient path to the destination IP address.

2
 Unfortunately, IP addresses are not human-friendly, so the Domain Name System (DNS) acts as a
directory and translates IP addresses into user-friendly domain names that people can remember. When
someone types “Techopedia.com” into their web browser, for example, the DNS system resolves the
domain name to the right IP address and allows the person’s computing device to connect to the
Techopedia website.
 The DNS supports internet redundancy by permitting each domain to host its DNS records on multiple
name servers and balance the workload among the different servers. If one name server fails or becomes
unavailable, the other name servers can still respond to requests. DNS caching mechanisms store
resolved IP addresses locally, which improves internet performance by reducing the need for repeated
lookups.
2. The number system:
 Number System is a method of representing Numbers on the Number Line with the help of a set of
Symbols and rules. These symbols range from 0-9 and are termed as digits. Number System is used
to perform mathematical computations ranging from great scientific calculations to calculations like
counting the number of Toys for a Kid or Number chocolates remaining in the box. Number Systems
comprise of multiple types based on the base value for its digits.
 Numbers are of various types depending upon the patterns of digits that are used for their creation.
Various symbols and rules are also applied on Numbers which classifies them into a variety of
different types:
 Natural Numbers: Natural Numbers are the most basic type of Numbers that range from 1 to
infinity. These numbers are also called Positive Numbers or Counting Numbers. Natural
Numbers are represented by the symbol N.
 Whole Numbers: Whole Numbers are basically the Natural Numbers, but they also include
‘zero’. Whole numbers are represented by the symbol W.
 Integers: Integers are the collection of Whole Numbers plus the negative values of the Natural
Numbers. Integers do not include fraction numbers i.e. they can’t be written in a/b form. The
range of Integers is from the Infinity at the Negative end and Infinity at the Positive end,
including zero. Integers are represented by the symbol Z.
 Fractions: Fractions are the numbers that are written in the form of a/b, where, a belongs to
Whole numbers and b belongs to Natural Numbers, i.e., b can never be 0. The upper part of
the fraction i.e. a is termed as a Numerator whereas the lower part i.e. b is called Denominator.
 Rational Numbers: Rational numbers are the numbers that can be represented in the fraction
form i.e. a/b. Here, a and b both are integers and b≠0. All the fractions are rational numbers
but not all the rational numbers are fractions.
3
  Irrational Numbers: Irrational numbers are the numbers that can’t be represented in the form
of fractions i.e. they can not be written as a/b.
 Real and Imaginary Numbers: Real numbers are the numbers that can be represented in the
decimal form. These numbers include whole numbers, integers, fractions, etc. All the integers
belong to Real numbers but all the real numbers do not belong to the integers. Imaginary
Numbers are all those numbers that are not real numbers. These numbers when squared will
result in a negative number. The √-1 is represented as i. These numbers are also called
complex numbers.
 Prime Numbers and Composite Numbers: Numbers that do not have any factors other than
1 and the number itself are termed as Prime Numbers. All the numbers other than Prime
Numbers are termed as Composite Numbers except 0. Zero is neither prime nor a composite
number.

II. Content
1. Describes the Internet’s addressing system. Why divide Internet
address into classes?

a. What is a Internet addressing system

 An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique numerical identifier for every device or network that
connects to the internet. Typically assigned by an internet service provider (ISP), an IP address is an
online device address used for communicating across the internet.
 There are two versions of IP addresses that are commonly used on the internet: IPv4 and IPv6. An
IPv4 address is expressed as a set of four dotted decimal numbers, where each octet is separated by a
period, such as 192.168.35.4. The three digits in the first octet represent a particular network on the
internet while the rest of the digits represent the actual host address within the local network, such as
a workstation or a server. An IPv6 address represents eight groups of four hexadecimal digits
separated by colons, such as 2620:cc:8000:1c82:544c:cc2e:f2fa:5a9b.
 Each internet protocol address can send information to other IP addresses through discrete chunks
known as packets. Each network packet contains the data being transferred along with a header
containing the metadata of the packet.

b. How do IP addresses work?

 An IP address is part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. It works behind the scenes, helping devices
and websites connect with each other on the internet.
 Every time a request is made to access a website, the requesting computer needs to know where the
website resides and how to reach it. This is where the IP address comes into play. The requesting
4
 computer connects to the network router, which connects to the web server where the website lives.
The web server then pulls the website information and sends it back to the requesting computer. Each
device in this process -- including the computer, router and web server -- carries a uniquely
identifiable IP address, without which the transfer of information will not take place.

c. . Why divide Internet address into classes?

FIGURE 1: INTERNET ADDRESS

 The system of IP address classes was developed for the purpose of Internet IP addresses assignment.
The classes created were based on the network size. For example, for the small number of networks
with a very large number of hosts, the Class A was created. The Class C was created for numerous
networks with small number of hosts.
 For the IP addresses from Class A, the first 8 bits (the first decimal number) represent the network
part, while the remaining 24 bits represent the host part. For Class B, the first 16 bits (the first two
numbers) represent the network part, while the remaining 16 bits represent the host part. For Class C,
the first 24 bits represent the network part, while the remaining 8 bits represent the host part.
 Consider the following IP addresses:
 10.50.120.7 – because this is a Class A address, the first number (10) represents the network
part, while the remainder of the address represents the host part (50.120.7). This means that, in
order for devices to be on the same network, the first number of their IP addresses has to be the
same for both devices. In this case, a device with the IP address of 10.47.8.4 is on the same
network as the device with the IP address listed above. The device with the IP address 11.5.4.3
is not on the same network, because the first number of its IP address is different.
 172.16.55.13 – because this is a Class B address, the first two numbers (172.16) represent the
network part, while the remainder of the address represents the host part (55.13). A device with
the IP address of 172.16.254.3 is on the same network, while a device with the IP address of
172.55.54.74 isn’t.
2. Convert the following 8-bit binary values into their denary (base 10) equivalent.
You must show your working out?
5
 a. 00110111
We multiply each binary digit with its place value and add the products.

(00110111)2 = (0 × 27) + (0 × 26) + (1 × 25) + (1 × 24) + (0 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20)

= 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1
= (55)10
b. 10101111
We multiply each binary digit with its place value and add the products.

(10101111)2 = (1 × 27) + (0 × 26) + (1 × 25) + (0 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20)

= 128 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= (175)10
a. 11010110

6
 We multiply each binary digit with its place value and add the products.
(11010110)2 = (1 × 27) + (1 × 26) + (0 × 25) + (1 × 24) + (0 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (0 × 20)
= 128 + 64 + 16 + 4 + 2
= (214)10
3. Convert the following denary (base 10) values into their 8-bit binary equivalent.
You must show your working out.
a. 31

 When 31 is divided by 2, the quotient is 15 and the remainder is 1.

 When 15 is divided by 2, the quotient is 7 and the remainder is 1.
 When 7 is divided by 2, the quotient is 3 and the remainder is 1.
 When 3 is divided by 2, the quotient is 1 and the remainder is 1.
 When 1 is divided by 2, the quotient is 0 and the remainder is 1.
Write the remainders from bottom to top: (31)10 = (11111)2

b. 104

 When 104 is divided by 2, the quotient is 52 and the remainder is 0.

7
  When 52 is divided by 2, the quotient is 26 and the remainder is 0.
 When 26 is divided by 2, the quotient is 13 and the remainder is 0.
 When 13 is divided by 2, the quotient is 6 and the remainder is 1.
 When 6 is divided by 2, the quotient is 3 and the remainder is 0.
 When 3 is divided by 2, the quotient is 1 and the remainder is 1.
 When 1 is divided by 2, the quotient is 0 and the remainder is 1.

Write the remainder from bottom to top: (104)10 = (1101000)2

c. 210

 When 210 is divided by 2, the quotient is 105 and the remainder is 0.

 When 105 is divided by 2, the quotient is 52 and the remainder is 1.
 When 52 is divided by 2, the quotient is 26 and the remainder is 0.
 When 26 is divided by 2, the quotient is 13 and the remainder is 0.
 When 13 is divided by 2, the quotient is 6 and the remainder is 1.
 When 6 is divided by 2, the quotient is 3 and the remainder is 0.
 When 3 is divided by 2, the quotient is 1 and the remainder is 1.
 When 1 is divided by 2, the quotient is 0 and the remainder is 1.

Write the remainder from bottom to top: (210)10 = (11010010)2

4. Write an Essay "Are Computers Good or Bad for Today's Youth"

 Nowadays everyone wants to be seen and heard. Wanting to be accepted, to be acknowledged, to

contribute, to inspire, is a common desire shared by many. Technology can help form an intricate web
of self-expression, analysis, and self-exploration. It can be a motivator and can cause you to question.
It can help define who you are as well as who you want to be. In today's day and age, it is so easy to be

8
 able to communicate in real-time with one another. Breaking news can be found at the click of a
button.
 Wanting to fact-check something? You hop online! Curious about what your friends are up to? Send
them a text message or ping them via a social media application. It is this constant communication
means and ability that some may find strangely addicting yet comforting, and it is a movement that
has certainly shaped today’s youth.
 The ease and availability of technology have also inadvertently provided today’s youth the means to
multitask and process various sources of information quickly. One can think about all the currently
popular social media platforms and how they are used so prevalently and expeditiously by youth. This
opens the door for networking, both socially as well as job-wise. Today’s youth are well equipped and
able to adapt to today's ever-changing world & job market, and this is not limited to just technical
fields either. High school students, as well as college students, have taken to various online platforms
to connect with others in fields they are interested in pursuing, as well as for seeking out job
opportunities.
 Technology provides the means for today’s youth to be creative and explore avenues they may not
have been able to readily explore before. Virtual shops where you can design gear and apparel to sell
online are proving to be popular and a terrific way to incorporate friends as they excitedly post about
their clothing creations, for example. If there is an interest and passion in a particular field, technology
provides the means to market oneself and the product, as well as broadly advertise. The sky's the limit.
Today’s youth can easily get exposure to the entrepreneurial world and may even find it is their calling
 The same holds for goods and services. Many may think of specific online retailers that they
commonly use to purchase everyday items. Youth no longer necessarily have to rely on others to take
them to the store if something is needed, for example. Depending on the nature of the good, it can be
easily ordered online and delivered right to your door. Information technology has simplified shopping
logistics in ways that, going back in time, would seem almost impossible before!

 An interesting general topic of conversation is what are the pros and cons of technology and how has
it helped, or hindered today’s youth? You may hear some honest, thought-provoking answers in
response to this. When used responsibly, information technology provides a wealth of information at
your fingertips and can help bridge the gap for today’s youth. It provides the means to better stay in
touch, more easily be aware of world events taking place, educate yourself, virtually explore, and learn
and grow.

III. Conclusion
 In recent years, along with the development of society, information technology in general, social
networking sites in particular, especially the Internet, have developed very strongly, it has had a
great influence (both positive and negative). negative) to all activities and activities of people,
9
 especially young people. With the outstanding characteristics of fast connection and wide sharing,
with just a phone or a computer connected to the Internet, we can access and participate in many
websites such as Facebook, Zalo, and Youtube. , Twitter... of which, the most popular is Facebook.
Although each person's purpose, method, and level of participation in social networking sites is
different, they have one thing in common: viewing it as an indispensable part of people's spiritual
life.
 The reality is that the Internet and social networking sites bring a lot of benefits to users, because the
information speed is very fast, the content is rich and diverse... if you know how to exploit and use it
properly, it brings great benefits. It is very effective in studying, working, living and social life for
young people. On the contrary, it will cause many negative consequences. The outstanding feature
of social networking sites is that information is fast and abundant, but it is widespread, chaotic,
useless information, said without responsibility, and no one verifies.

 The most worrying thing today is that a lot of information on social networks contains harmful
content that seduces and entices participants such as: pornographic movies, debauched lifestyles,
inciting violence, and sexually explicit content. Inciting war, dividing national unity, religion, etc.
With the attractive and attractive characteristics of social networking sites, it is easy for participants
to fall into that chaotic "sea of information" at any time. without knowing it, causing them to neglect
their studies, reduce labor productivity, become mentally sluggish, depressed, and immerse
themselves in the virtual world in real life. This is the factor that seriously affects the health,
psychology, and formation and development of personality and good lifestyle of people, especially
young people.

 To limit the negative influence of social networking sites on education, nurturing and developing the
perfect personality and good lifestyle of people, especially today's youth, every family, school,
institution Agencies, units and localities need to do a good job of educating and training young
people to raise awareness of the role, effects and shortcomings of participating and using social
networking sites.

 Along with the progress of society, the Internet in general and social networking sites in particular
are increasingly developing, this is a trend that requires objectivity. To help young people
participate and use social networking sites in a healthy, positive and useful way, it is important first
and foremost for parents, teachers and leaders and commanders of agencies and units to participate
and use social networking sites in a healthy, positive and useful way. You must do a good job of
educating and guiding them to clearly understand social networking sites, see their benefits and
limitations, and proactively participate and use them actively, effectively, and to serve their needs.
Best for living, studying, and professional work.

 In addition to educating young people to improve their understanding of social networking sites, we
must guide and advise them on the knowledge and skills to use social networking sites. It is

10
 extremely important to show them the duality of social networks, especially the consequences and
implications of using social networks arbitrarily and excessively. Instruct them on how to behave
and how to be immune when exposed to malicious, inviting, provocative, seductive, reactionary
information, etc. posted widely on social networking sites. At the same time, education raises
awareness and social responsibility for young people, making them master and control their own
behaviors. Information posted online must comply with the provisions of law, the unit, and the
locality, in accordance with fine customs and social ethical standards; Be very careful when posting
information and images of individuals and unit activities, especially military and police units, on
social networking sites.

 However, parents, teachers, leaders, and commanders of agencies and units need to have a basic
understanding of social networking sites and know how to use social networking sites with
convenient features. Because of its benefits for work and healthy entertainment, we should not
indiscriminately criticize or only condemn the negatives of social networking sites that ban young
people.

IV. Reference List

Techopedia (2019). What is the Internet? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Techopedia.com.
Available at:

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2419/internet.

GeeksforGeeks. (2020). Number System in Maths. [online] Available at:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/number-system-in-maths/.

WhatIs.com. (n.d.). What is an IP Address? | Definition from TechTarget. [online] Available at:

https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/IP-address-Internet-Protocol-Address#:~:text=An
%20Internet%20Protocol%20(IP)%20address.

Acomm(http://www.acomm.com.vn), C. 2019 (n.d.). Ảnh hưởng của Internet và các trang mạng xã
hội đến lối sống của thanh niên hiện nay | Tạp chí Tuyên giáo. [online] tuyengiao.vn. Available at:

https://tuyengiao.vn/nghien-cuu/nghiep-vu-cong-tac-tuyen-giao/anh-huong-cua-internet-va-cac-
trang-mang-xa-hoi-den-loi-song-cua-thanh-nien-hien-nay-91022

11