What is Quality?

Quality defines to any measurable characteristics such as

correctness, maintainability, portability, testability, usability,
reliability, efficiency, integrity, reusability, and interoperability.

Quality of Design: Quality of Design refers to the characteristics that designers

specify for an item. The grade of materials, tolerances, and performance
specifications that all contribute to the quality of design.

Quality of conformance: Quality of conformance is the degree to which the design

specifications are followed during manufacturing. Greater the degree of
conformance, the higher is the level of quality of conformance.

Software Quality Assurance – Software Engineering

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Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is simply a way to assure quality in the software.
It is the set of activities which ensure processes, procedures as well as standards are
suitable for the project and implemented correctly.
Software Quality Assurance is a process which works parallel to development of
software. It focuses on improving the process of development of software so that
problems can be prevented before they become a major issue. Software Quality
Assurance is a kind of Umbrella activity that is applied throughout the software
process.
Generally, the quality of the software is verified by the third-party organization
like international standard organizations.
Elements Of Software Quality Assurance:
1. Standards: The IEEE, ISO, and other standards organizations have
produced a broad array of software engineering standards and related
 documents. The job of SQA is to ensure that standards that have been
adopted are followed, and all work products conform to them.
2. Reviews and audits: Technical reviews are a quality control activity
performed by software engineers for software engineers. Their intent is to
uncover errors. Audits are a type of review performed by SQA personnel
(people employed in an organization) with the intent of ensuring that
quality guidelines are being followed for software engineering work.
3. Testing: Software testing is a quality control function that has one primary
goal—to find errors. The job of SQA is to ensure that testing is properly
planned and efficiently conducted for primary goal of software.
4. Error/defect collection and analysis: SQA collects and analyzes error and
defect data to better understand how errors are introduced and what
software engineering activities are best suited to eliminating them.
5. Change management: SQA ensures that adequate change management
practices have been instituted.
6. Education: Every software organization wants to improve its software
engineering practices. A key contributor to improvement is education of
software engineers, their managers, and other stakeholders. The SQA
organization takes the lead in software process improvement which is key
proponent and sponsor of educational programs.
7. Security management: SQA ensures that appropriate process and
technology are used to achieve software security.
8. Safety: SQA may be responsible for assessing the impact of software
failure and for initiating those steps required to reduce risk.
9. Risk management: The SQA organization ensures that risk management
activities are properly conducted and that risk-related contingency plans
have been established.
Software quality assurance focuses on:
 software’s portability
 software’s usability
 software’s reusability
 software’s correctness
 software’s maintainability
 software’s error control
Major Software Quality Assurance Activities:
1. SQA Management Plan: Make a plan for how you will carry out the SQA
throughout the project. Think about which set of software engineering
activities are the best for project. check level of SQA team skills.
2. Set The Check Points: SQA team should set checkpoints. Evaluate the
performance of the project on the basis of collected data on different check
points.
3. Measure Change Impact: The changes for making the correction of an
error sometimes re introduces more errors keep the measure of impact of
change on project. Reset the new change to check the compatibility of this
fix with whole project.
 4. Multi testing Strategy: Do not depend on a single testing approach. When
you have a lot of testing approaches available use them.
5. Manage Good Relations: In the working environment managing good
relations with other teams involved in the project development is
mandatory. Bad relation of SQA team with programmers team will impact
directly and badly on project. Don’t play politics.
6. Managing Reports and Records: Document and share QA activities (test
cases, defects, client changes) for future reference and stakeholder
alignment.
Benefits of Software Quality Assurance (SQA):
1. SQA produces high quality software.
2. High quality application saves time and cost.
3. SQA is beneficial for better reliability.
4. SQA is beneficial in the condition of no maintenance for a long time.
5. High quality commercial software increase market share of company.
6. Improving the process of creating software.
7. Improves the quality of the software.
8. It cuts maintenance costs. Get the release right the first time, and your
company can forget about it and move on to the next big thing. Release a
product with chronic issues, and your business bogs down in a costly, time-
consuming, never-ending cycle of repairs.
Disadvantage of SQA:
There are a number of disadvantages of quality assurance. Some of them include
adding more resources, employing more workers to help maintain quality and so much
more.