MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

DR. D. Y. PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

(SECOND SHIFT POLYTECHNIC)
MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2023- 2024

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

Transmission modes in computer networks

Program: Computer Engineering Program code: CO
Course: Data Communication & Network
Course code:22414

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that the following students -

Roll No. Name of the students Enrollment No.

70 Sahil Jamnik 2216490216

71 Saideep kachare 2216490217

This is to certify that Project report entitled " Transmission modes in

computer networking ” is submitted in the partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of the Diploma in Computer Engineering by
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education as record of students'
own work carried out by them under the guidance and supervision at
Ajeenkya DY Patil School of Engineering (Charholi), during the academic
year 2023-24

Place: Pune Date:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department

Institute Stamp

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with profoundly sense of gratitude that we acknowledge from our

guide Mrs.Smita Arude. She has been Guide in the true sense of word,
a guide who satisfaction from our word & progress.
We are highly obliged to Mr. Sandeep Pandey Head of Computer
Department for aberrance & good co-operation given to us for
bringing this project to almost standard.
We are grateful to our principal Dr. Nagesh Shelke for proceeding
acknowledgement to us in the connection of this project concluding.
We appreciate the assistance of all staff that helps us in for their
sincere & obliging help to make our project successfully Micro Project
Proposal
 Micro Project Proposal
Part A
“Transmission modes in computer networks”

1. Brief Introduction :
The three primary transmission modes used in computer networks: simplex,
half duplex, and full-duplex. The transmission mode refers to the way in
which data is transmitted between devices. Simplex mode allows for
communication in one direction only, while half-duplex mode allows for
communication in both directions but only one device can transmit at a
time. Full-duplex mode allows for simultaneous communication in both
directions. Each transmission mode has its own advantages and
disadvantages, and the choice of mode depends on the specific needs of
the network. Understanding transmission modes is crucial for designing and
implementing effective computer networks that meet the needs of the
users.

2. Aims & benefits :

The transmission mode in computer networks aims to efficiently transfer
data between devices. Its benefits include optimizing bandwidth usage,
minimizing latency, and ensuring reliable data delivery.
3. Action plan :
Sr Details of Activity Planned Planned Name of
no Start date End date responsible
group
members
1 Searching for the
topic
2 Confirmed the
topic we searched
for the micro
project
3 Collecting
information
4 Making proposal
5 Testing and
analysis of test
result
6 Preparation of final
project report
7 Final submission
of the project
 INTRODUCTION
In computer networks, transmission modes refer to the ways in which
data is transmitted between devices. There are three primary
transmission modes: simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
1)Simplex mode allows for communication in one direction only. In this
mode, one device can transmit data to another device, but the
receiving device cannot respond or send data back.
2)Half-duplex mode allows for communication in both directions, but
only one device can transmit data at a time. When one device is
transmitting, the other device must wait until the transmission is
complete before it can send data.
3) Full-duplex mode allows for simultaneous communication in both
directions. In this mode, both devices can transmit and receive data at
the same time. Each transmission mode has its own advantages and
disadvantages, and the choice of mode depends on the specific needs
of the network.
For example, simplex mode is useful in situations where only one-way
communication is required, such as in broadcast systems.
Half-duplex mode is often used in situations where two-way
communication is needed, but the amount of data transmitted is
relatively small.
Full-duplex mode is typically used in situations where large amounts of
data are being transmitted and real-time communication is necessary.
 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The objective of transmission modes in computer networks is to define
the direction of flow of data communication between two devices
connected over a network. Transmission modes refer to the way in
which data is transmitted between two devices. The three basic
transmission modes are simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. In simplex
mode, data is transmitted in only one direction. For example, a
television broadcast is a simplex transmission, where the information is
sent from the television station to the receiving TV sets. In half-duplex
mode, data can be transmitted in both directions, but not
simultaneously.
Only one device can transmit data at a time, and the other device must
wait for its turn to transmit. This mode is commonly used in walkie-
talkies. In full-duplex mode, data can be transmitted in both directions
simultaneously. This mode is used in most modern computer networks,
where data can be sent and received at the same time, allowing for
faster and more efficient communication. The objective of transmission
modes in computer networks is to ensure that data is transmitted in the
most efficient and effective way possible, based on the needs of the
network and the devices that are communicating.
What is Transmission modes in computer
network ?
Transmission mode means transferring data between two
devices. It is also known as a communication mode. Buses and
networks are designed to allow communication to occur
between individual devices that are interconnected.

There are three types of transmission mode:

1)Simplex mode:
In Simplex mode, the communication is unidirectional, as
on a one-way street. Only one of the two devices on a link can
transmit, the other can only receive. The simplex mode can use
the entire capacity of the channel to send data in one direction.
Example: Keyboard and traditional monitors. The keyboard can
only introduce input, the monitor can only give the output.

Advantages:
 Simplex mode is the easiest and most reliable mode of
communication
 It is the most cost-effective mode, as it only requires one
communication channel.
 There is no need for coordination between the transmitting
and receiving devices, which simplifies the communication
process.
 Simplex mode is particularly useful in situations where
feedback or response is not required, such as broadcasting or
surveillance.
Disadvantages:
 Only one-way communication is possible.
 There is no way to verify if the transmitted data has been
received correctly
 Simplex mode is not suitable for applications that require
bidirectional communication.

2)Half-Duplex mode:
In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and
receive, but not at the same time. When one device is sending,
the other can only receive, and vice versa. The half-duplex
mode is used in cases where there is no need for
communication in both directions at the same time. The entire
capacity of the channel can be utilized for each direction .

Example: Walkie-talkie in which message is sent one at a time

and messages are sent in both directions. Channel
capacity=Bandwidth * Propagation Delay
Advantages:
 Half-duplex mode allows for bidirectional communication,
which is useful in situations where devices need to send and
receive data.
 It is a more efficient mode of communication than simplex
mode, as the channel can be used for both transmission and
reception.
 Half-duplex mode is less expensive than full-duplex mode, as
it only requires one communication channel.
Disadvantages:
 Half-duplex mode is less reliable than Full-Duplex mode, as
both devices cannot transmit at the same time.
 There is a delay between transmission and reception, which
can cause problems in some applications.
 There is a need for coordination between the transmitting and
receiving devices, which can complicate the communication
process.
4)Full-Duplex Mode –

In full-duplex mode, both stations can transmit and receive

direction share the capacity of the link with signals going in
another direction, this sharing can occur in two ways:
 Either the link must contain two physically separate
transmission paths, one for sending and the other for receiving.
 Or the capacity is divided between signals traveling in both
directions.
Full-duplex mode is used when communication in both
directions is required all the time. The capacity of the channel,
however, must be divided between the two directions.
Example: Telephone Network in which there is communication
between two persons by a telephone line, through which both
can talk and listen at the same time. Channel Capacity=2*
Bandwidth*propagation Delay
Advantages:
 Full-duplex mode allows for simultaneous bidirectional
communication, which is ideal for real-time applications such as
video conferencing or online gaming.
 It is the most efficient mode of communication, as both
devices can transmit and receive data simultaneously.
 Full-duplex mode provides a high level of reliability and
accuracy, as there is no need for error correction mechanisms.
Disadvantages:
 Full-duplex mode is the most expensive mode, as it requires
two communication channels.  It is more complex than simplex
and half-duplex modes, as it requires two physically separate
transmission paths or a division of channel capacity .
 Full-duplex mode may not be suitable for all applications, as it
requires a high level of bandwidth and may not be necessary for
some types of communication.
 Difference between Simplex, Half duplex, and Full
Duplex Transmission Modes:
Sr Parameters Simplex Half Duplex Full Duplex
No
1 The direction Simplex mode is Half Duplex Full Duplex
of a unidirectional mode is a two mode is a
communicati communication. way twoway
on directional directional
communicatio communication
n but one at a simultaneously.
time
2 Sender and In simplex In Half Duplex In Full Duplex
Receiver mode, Sender mode, Sender mode, Sender
can send the can send the can send the
data but that data and also data and also
sender can’t can receive can receive the
receive the data. the data but data
one at a time simultaneously.
3 Channel Usage of one Usage of one Usage of two
usage channel for the channel for channels for the
transmission of the transmission of
data. transmission data
of data
Sr Parameters Simplex Half Duplex Full Duplex
No
4 Performance The simplex The Half Duplex Full Duplex
mode provides mode provides provides better
less less performance
performance performance than simplex
than half duplex than full duplex and half duplex
and full duplex. mode
5 Bandwidth Simplex utilizes The HalfDuplex The FullDuplex
Utilization the maximum of involves lesser doubles the
a single utilization of utilization of
bandwidth single transmission
bandwidth at bandwidth.
the time of
transmission.
6 Suitable for It is suitable for It is suitable for It is suitable for
those those those
transmissions transmissions transmissions
when there is when there is when there is
requirement of requirement of requirement of
full bandwidth sending data in sending and
for delivering both directions, receiving data
data. but not at the simultaneously
same time. in both
directions
Implementation
The implementation of transmission modes in computer networks
involves configuring the hardware and software components of the
network to enable data transmission in the desired mode.
1)Choose the appropriate transmission mode: Based on the
communication requirements of the devices on the network, select the
appropriate transmission mode - simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex.
2)Configure the network devices: Configure the network devices (such
as switches, routers, and network adapters) to support the selected
transmission mode. This may involve setting the appropriate
parameters, such as speed and duplex settings, in the device
configuration.
3)Test the network: Test the network to ensure that data transmission is
working as expected in the selected mode. This may involve sending
test data between the devices and monitoring the network traffic to
verify that data is being transmitted in the desired direction(s).
4)Optimize network performance: Depending on the network traffic
and communication needs, further optimization may be required to
improve network performance. For example, adjusting buffer sizes or
using traffic shaping techniques may help to prevent data collisions and
improve overall network throughput.
5)Monitor and maintain the network: Once the network is operational,
ongoing monitoring and maintenance are required to ensure that
transmission modes are functioning correctly and to address any issues
that arise
 Conclusion
Transmission modes play a crucial role in computer networks by
determining how data is transmitted between devices. Simplex
mode allows for one-way communication, half-duplex mode
allows for two-way communication but only one device can
transmit at a time, and full-duplex mode allows for
simultaneous communication in both directions.
The choice of transmission mode depends on various factors
such as the amount of data being transmitted, the speed of
transmission, and the need for real-time communication. Each
mode has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the
appropriate mode should be selected based on the specific
requirements of the network. Overall, understanding
transmission modes is essential for designing and implementing
effective computer networks that meet the needs of the users.
With the rapid evolution of technology and the increasing
demand for real-time communication, it is essential to select
the appropriate transmission mode to ensure efficient and
reliable data transmission in computer networks.