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    Mech 2 Lecture 7

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    BADR ESLAM
    The document discusses kinetics of particles and work and energy principles. It defines work as the product of force and displacement and provides formulas for work done by various forces like constant forces, springs, weights, and friction. Examples are included to demonstrate calculating work and applying the work-energy principle to solve dynamics problems.

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    Mech 2 Lecture 7

    Uploaded by

    BADR ESLAM
    9 views25 pages
    The document discusses kinetics of particles and work and energy principles. It defines work as the product of force and displacement and provides formulas for work done by various forces like constant forces, springs, weights, and friction. Examples are included to demonstrate calculating work and applying the work-energy principle to solve dynamics problems.

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    Mech_2_Lecture_7 (1)

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    The document discusses kinetics of particles and work and energy principles. It defines work as the product of force and displacement and provides formulas for work done by various forces like constant forces, springs, weights, and friction. Examples are included to demonstrate calculating work and applying the work-energy principle to solve dynamics problems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views25 pages

    Mech 2 Lecture 7

    Uploaded by

    BADR ESLAM
    The document discusses kinetics of particles and work and energy principles. It defines work as the product of force and displacement and provides formulas for work done by various forces like constant forces, springs, weights, and friction. Examples are included to demonstrate calculating work and applying the work-energy principle to solve dynamics problems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 25

    Engineering Mechanics (II)

    Dynamics
    second Semester 2023-2024

    LECTURE 7
    Engineering Mechanics: II 2023/2024
    CHAPTER 3

    Kinetics of a Particle
    Work and Energy
    The work of a Force

    dU = F  dr

    dU = F ds cos

    The basic unit for work


    in the SI system is
    called a joule (J).
    1J =1 N  m
    In the FPS system work is generally defined by
    writing the units as ft  lb
    Work of a Variable Force.
    r2 s2
    U 1− 2 =  F  dr =  F cos ds
    r1 s1
    Work of a Constant Force Moving Along a
    Straight Line.
    s2
    U1− 2 = Fc cos s 1
    ds

    = Fc cos Δs

    Δs = ( s 2 − s1 )
    Work of a Weight.
    r2 r2
    U 1− 2 =  F  dr =  (−W j)  (dx i + dy j + dz k )
    r1 r1

    dr = dx i + dy j + dz k
    W = −W j
    y2
    U1− 2 =  −W dy
    y1

    = −W ( y2 − y1)
    = −W Δy
    Work of a Spring Force.

    Fs = k s
    Fs = k s
    The work done on the spring is formulated as
    s2 s2
    U1− 2 =  Fs ds =  k s ds
    s1 s1

    1
    = k ( s22 − s12 )
    2
    The work done by the spring force on the particle is
    written as

    1
    U 1− 2 = − k ( s2 − s1 )
    2 2
    2
    Example 3.1
    The 10-kg block shown in Fig. rests on the smooth
    incline. If the spring is originally stretched 0.5 m,
    determine the total work done by all the forces acting
    on the block when
    a horizontal force
    P = 400 N
    pushes the
    block up
    the plane
    s = 2 m.
    Horizontal Force P.
    U P = (400 cos 30 )(2) = 692.8 J
    o

    U P = (400)(2 cos 30 ) = 692.8 J


    o

    Free body diagram.


    Spring Force Fs
    1
    U P = − (30)[(2.5) − (0.5) ] = −90 J
    2 2
    2
    s1 = 0.5 m
    s2 = 0.5 + 2 = 2.5 m
    Weight W.
    UW = −98.1(2 sin 30 ) = −98.1 J
    o

    UW = −(98.1sin 30 )(2) = −98.1 J


    o
    Normal Force N B
    This force does no work since it
    is always perpendicular to the
    displacement.
    Total Work.

    UT = 692.8 − 90 − 98.1 = 504.7 J


    Principle of a Work and Energy

    FR =  F

    dv
    at = v
    ds
    dv
     Ft = mat = mv ds
     s
    s2 v2
    Ft ds =  m v dv
    1 v1
     s
    s2 v2
    Ft ds =  m v dv
    1 v1

    1 1
     s
    s2
    Ft ds = m v2 − m v12
    2
    1 2 2
     Ft =  F cos
    1 1
    U1− 2 = m v2 − m v12
    2
    2 2 1
    T = mv 2
    T1 + U1− 2 = T2 2

     Fn = man
     n
    F = ma n = mv 2
    /
    Principle of a Work and Energy for a System
    of Particles

    T1 + U1− 2 = T2


    Work of Friction Caused by Sliding.

    1 1
    m v1 + P s −  k N s = m v2
    2 2
    2 2
    Example 3.2
    The 3500-lb automobile shown in Fig. is traveling
    down the 10° inclined road at a speed of 20 ft/s. If
    the driver jams on the brakes, causing his wheels to
    lock, determine how far s his tires skid on the road
    until it come to rest. The coefficient of kinetic
    friction between the wheels and the road is  k = 0.5
     Fn = man = 0 Work (Free-Body Diagram).

    N A − 3500 cos10 = 0
    o

    N A = 3446.8 lb

    FA = k N A = 0.5(3446.8) = 1723.4 lb
    Principle of Work and Energy
    N A = 3446.8 lb
    FA = 1723.4 lb
    T1 + U1− 2 = T2

    1  3500 
    (20 ) + [3500 ( s sin 10 ) − 1723 .4 s ] = 0
    2 o

    2  32 .2 

    s = 19.5 ft
    Solution II
    Kinetics.

     Ft = mat
    3500
    3500 sin 10 − 1723 .4 =
    o
    a
    32 .2
    a = −10.3 ft/s 2
    kinematics. v = v0 + 2a(s − s0 )
    2 2

    0 = (20) + 2(−10.3)(s − 0)
    2

    s = 19.5 ft
    Thankyou

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