Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

EXERCISE
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
x2  9
Q1. Evaluate Lim
x 3 x  3

x2  9 ( x + 3) ( x  3)
Sol. Given that Lim = Lim  Lim x + 3
x 3 x  3 x 3 ( x  3) x 3
Taking limit, we have
3+3 = 6
Hence, the answer is 6.
4x2  1
Q2. Evaluate Lim
x
1 2x  1
2
4x2  1
Sol. Given that: Lim
x
1 2x  1
2
(2 x)2  (1)2 (2 x + 1) (2 x  1)
= Lim1 2x  1
 Lim
1 2x  1
x x
2 2
= Lim1 (2 x + 1)
x
2
Taking limit, we have
1
= 2 +11+12
2
Hence, the answer is 2.
x+h  x
Q3. Evaluate: Lim
h0 h
x+h  x
Sol. Given that Lim
h0 h
x+h  x
= Lim  x+h + x
h0 h[ x + h + x ]
[Rationalizing the denominator]
x+hx
= Lim
h0 h[ x + h + x ]

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

h 1
= Lim = Lim
h[ x + h + x ]
h0 h0 x+h + x
Taking the limits, we have
1 1
=
x+ x 2 x
1
Hence, the answer is .
2 x
( x + 2)1/ 3  21/ 3
Q4. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x
( x + 2)1/ 3  21/ 3
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 x
Put x + 2 = y  x = y – 2
y1/ 3  21/ 3 y1/ 3  21/ 3
= Lim = Lim
y  2 0 y2 y2 y2

1
1
1 1  x n  an 
 (2) 3 =  2 2 / 3
=  using Lim  n  an 1 
3 3  x a xa 
1 2/ 3
Hence the answer is (2)
3
(1 + x)6  1
Q5. Evaluate: Lim
x  0 (1 + x)2  1

(1 + x)6  1
Sol. Given that: Lim
x  0 (1 + x)2  1
Dividing the numerator and denominator by x, we get
(1 + x)6  1
= Lim x
x  0 (1 + x)2  1

x
Putting 1 + x = y  x = y – 1
y 6  (1)6 y 6  (1)6
Lim f ( x) 
y1 y 1 y1  f ( x) Lim
= Lim 2 2 =  Lim  x a 
y 1 0 y  (1) y 2  (1)2  x a g( x) Lim g( x) 
 y 1 Lim  x a 
y1 y 1 y1

6  (1)6 1 6  x n  an 
=   3  using Lim  n  an 1 
2  (1)2 1 2  x a xa 
Hence, the required answer is 3.

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
5/ 2
 ( a + 2)5/2
(2 + x)
Q6. Evaluate: Lim
x a xa
(2 + x)5/2  ( a + 2)5/ 2
Sol. Given that: Lim
x a (2 + x)  ( a + 2)
(2 + x)5/2  ( a + 2)5/ 2
= Lim
2 + x a + 2 (2 + x)  ( a + 2)
 x n  an 
5 5/ 2  1 5 3/ 2  Lim  n  a n 1

= ( a + 2) = ( a + 2)
2 2  x a x  a 
5 3/ 2
Hence, the required answer is ( a + 2) .
2
x4  x
Q7. Evaluate: Lim
x 1 x 1
x4  x
Sol. Given that Lim
x 1 x 1
[ x7 / 2  (1)7 / 2 ]
x
x [( x)7 / 2  1] x1
= Lim = Lim
x 1 x 1 x  1 ( x)  (1)1/ 2
1/ 2

x1
[Dividing the numerator and denominator of x –1]
( x)7 / 2  (1)7 / 2
x1
= Lim  Lim x
x 1 ( x)1/ 2  (1)1/ 2 x 1

x1
 Lim f ( x) g( x)  Lim f ( x)  Lim g( x) 
 x a x a x a 
7 7/2  1
(1)
2 7/2
= 1  1 = =7
(1)1/ 2  1 1/2
2
Hence the required answer is 7.
x2  4
Q8. Evaluate: Lim x 2 3x  2  x + 2
x2  4
Sol. Given that Lim
x 2 3x  2  x + 2
Rationalizing the denominator, we get
( x  2) ( x + 2) [ 3 x  2 + x + 2]
= Lim
x  2 [ 3 x  2  x + 2] [ 3 x  2 + x + 2]

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

( x  2) ( x  2) [ 3 x  2  x  2]
= Lim

x 2 3x  2  x  2
( x  2) ( x  2) [ (3x  2)  x  2]
= Lim

x 2 2x  4
( x  2) ( x  2) [ (3x  2)  x  2]

= Lim
x 2 2( x  2)
( x  2) [ 3 x  2  x  2]
= Lim

x 2 2
Taking limits, we have
(2  2) [ 6  2  2  2] 4[2  2] 4  4
= =   8
2 2 2
Hence, the required answer is 8.
x4  4
Q9. Evaluate: Lim 2
x 2 x  3 2 x  8
x4  4
Sol. Given that Lim 2
x 2 x  3 2 x  8

( x 2  2) ( x 2  2)
= Lim 2
x 2 x  4 2 x  2 x  8

( x  2) ( x  2) ( x 2  2)
= Lim
x 2 x( x  4 2)  2( x  4 2)
( x  2) ( x  2) ( x   2) ( x  2) ( x 2  2)
= Lim = Lim
x 2 ( x  4 2) ( x  2) x 2 x4 2
Taking limits we have
( 2  2) (2  2) 2 24 8
= = 
2 4 2 5 2 5
8
Hence, the required answer is .
5
x7  2 x 5  1
Q10. Evaluate Lim 3
x 1 x  3 x 2  2
Sol. Given that
x7  2 x 5  1 0 
= Lim 3 form 
x 1 x  3 x 2  2  0 
x7  x 5  x 5  1 5 2 5
x ( x  1)  1 ( x  1)
= Lim = Lim 2
x 1 x 3  x 2  2 x 2  2 x 1 x ( x  1)  2 ( x 2  1)

Dividing the numerator and denominator by (x – 1) we get

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 x2  1  x5  1
x5    1  x1 
 x1  
= Lim
x 1  x  1  x2  1
x2   2  
 x  1   x1 
 x 5  (1)5 
Lim x 5 ( x  1)  Lim  
x 1 x 1  x  1 
=
Lim x 2  2 Lim ( x  1)
x 1 x 1

1(2)  5  (1)5 1 2  5 3
= =   1
1  2(2) 1  4 3
Hence, the required answer is 1.
1  x3  1  x3
Q11. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x2
1  x3  1  x3
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 x2
 1  x3  1  x3   1  x3  1  x3 
  
= Lim
x0 2 3 3
x  1 x  1 x 
(1  x 3 )  (1  x 3 )
= Lim
x0
x 2  1  x 3  1  x 3 
1  x3  1  x3
= Lim
x0
x 2  1  x 3  1  x 3 
2x3 2x
= Lim = Lim =0
2  3
x0 3
x  1 x  1 x  x0 1  x  1  x3
3

Hence, the required answer is 0.

x 3  27
Q12. Evaluate: Lim 5
x  3 x  243

x 3  27
Sol. Given that Lim 5
x  3 x  243

x 3  (3)3
x3
= Lim [Dividing the Nr and Den. by x – 3]
x 3 x 5  (3)5
x3

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 x 3  (  3)3 
Lim  
x 3  x+3   f ( x) Lim f ( x) 
=  Lim  x a 
 x 5  (  3)5   x a g( x) Lim g( x) 
Lim    x a 
x 3  x+3 
3(  3)3 1 3  (  3)2 1 1
=   
5(  3) 5 1
5  (  3) 4 5  3 15
1
Hence, the required answer is .
15
 8x  3 4x2 + 1
Q13. Evaluate: Lim   2 
x  2 x  1 4x  1 
1
2
 8x  3 4x2 + 1
Sol. Given that Lim   2 
x  2 x  1 4x  1
1
2
 (8 x  3) (2 x + 1)  (4 x 2 + 1) 
= Lim  
1
x  (4 x 2  1) 
2
 16 x 2  6 x + 8 x  3  4 x 2  1 
= Lim1  
x   4x2  1 
2
2 2
 12 x + 2 x  4  2(6 x + x  2)
= Lim   = Lim1
1
x 
2
 4 x  1  x 2 4x2  1
2
2[6 x 2 + 4 x  3 x  2] 2[2 x(3 x + 2)  1 (3 x + 2)]
= Lim1 = Lim1
x (2 x + 1) (2 x  1) x (2 x + 1) (2 x  1)
2 2
2(3 x + 2) (2 x  1) 2(3 x + 2)
= Lim1 = Lim1
x (2 x + 1) (2 x  1) x (2 x + 1)
2 2
Taking limit, we have
1 7
2  3  + 2 2 
 2   2  7
= =
1 2 2
2 +1
2
7
Hence, the required answer is .
2
xn  2n
Q14. Find ‘n’ if Lim  80, x  N
x 2 x  2
xn  2n
Sol. Given that Lim  80
x 2 x  2

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 x n  an 
= n  (2)n–1 = 80  Lim  n  an 1 
 x a xa 
= n  2n–1 = 5  (2)5–1
 n=5

Hence, the required answer is n = 5.
sin 3 x
Q15. Evaluate: Lim
x  0 sin 7 x
sin 3 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x  0 sin 7 x

sin 3 x  sin 3 x 
 3x Lim   3
3x 3 x0  3 x 
= Lim = 
x  0 sin 7 x  sin 7 x  7
 7x Lim  
7x 7 x0  7 x 
1 3 3  sin x 
=    Lim  1
1 7 7  x0 x 
3
Hence, the required answer is .
7
sin 2 2 x
Q16. Evaluate: Lim
x  0 sin 2 4 x

sin 2 2 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x  0 sin 2 4 x

sin 2 2 x
= Lim
x0 sin 2 2(2 x)
sin 2 2 x
= Lim [sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x]
4 sin 2 2 x  cos 2 2 x
x0

1
=
4 cos 2 2x
Taking limit we have
1 1
= 
4  cos 2 0 4
1
Hence, the required answer is .
4
1  cos 2 x
Q17. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x2
1  cos 2 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 x2
2 sin 2 x
= Lim [cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 x]
x0 x2

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 sin x 
2
 sin x 
= Lim 2   =21=2  Lim  1
x0  x   x  0 x 
Hence, the required answer is 2.
2 sin x  sin 2 x
Q18. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x3
2 sin x  sin 2 x
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 x3
2 sin x  2 sin x cos x 2 sin x (1  cos x)
= Lim = Lim
x0 x 3 x  0 x3
2
2 sin x  1  cos x   sin x   2 sin x/2 
= Lim   = Lim 2 
 x   
x0 x  x2 x0 x2
 sin 2 x 
 sin x  2 1
= Lim 2   2  
x0 x  x2 4
 
 4 
2
 x 
sin x  sin  
   2 1
= Lim 2   2   x   
x  4
 
x 0
  2  
2
 x
4  sin x   sin 2 
= Lim   Lim  
x0 4 x  x 0  x 
2  2 
2  sin x 
= 1  1  (1) = 1  Lim  1
x0 x 
Hence, the required answer is 1.
1  cos mx
Q19. Evaluate: Lim
x  0 1  cos nx
  cos mx
Sol. Given that Lim
x  0 1  cos nx

 2 sin 2 m x 
 2 
= Lim  
x0 2 n
 2 sin x
2 
2
 sin m x 
 2 
= Lim  n 
x0
 sin x 
2

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2
 m 
 sin 2 x m 
Lim   x
x0 m 2  m2 2
 x 1 x
 2  4  sin x 
= =  Lim  1
 n 
2 n2 2 x0 x 
sin x 1 x
 2  n x 4
Lim  
n
 sin x 2 
x0
 2 
m2
Hence, the required answer is .
n2
1  cos 6 x
Q20. Evaluate: Lim

2   x

x
3 3 
1  cos 6 x
Sol. Given that Lim

2   x

x
3 3 
2 sin 2 3 x
= Lim [ 1 – cos  = 2 sin2 q/2]

2   x

x
3 3 
2 sin 3 x 3  sin (   3 x)
= Lim = Lim
x
    3x  x
   3x
3 2  3
 3    3 x 0
 sin x 
= 3  Lim  1
Hence, the required answer is 3. x0 x 
sin x  cos x
Q21. Evaluate: Lim
 
x
4 x
4
sin x  cos x
Sol. Given that Lim  
x
4 x
4
1 1
2  sin x  cos x
 2 2 
= Lim 
x
4 x
4
 
2 cos sin x  sin cos x

 4 4 
= Lim
 
x
4 x
4

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 
2 sin  x  
 4
= Lim
 
x
4 x

x   0
4
4
2 1 = 2
Hence, the required answer is 2 .
3 sin x  cos x
Q22. Lim
 
x
6 x
6
3 sin x  cos x
Sol. Given that Lim
 
x
6 x
6
 3 1 
2 sin x  cos x 
= Lim  2 2 
 
x
6 x
6
  
2  cos sin x  sin cos x 
 6 6 
= Lim 
 
x
6 x
6
 
2 sin  x  
 6  sin x 
= Lim  Lim  1
x
    x0 x 
6  x  

x   0
6
6
= 2  1 = 2
Hence, the required answer is 2.
sin 2 x  3 x
Q23. Evaluate: Lim
x  0 2 x  tan 3 x

Sol. Given that: Lim sin 2 x  3 x

x  0 2 x  tan 3 x

 sin 2 x  3 x   sin 2 x 3 x 
   2 x     2x
2x 2x 2x 
= Lim = Lim
x0  2 x  tan 3 x  x  0  2 x tan 3x 
   3 x     3x
3x 3x 3x 
 sin 2 x 3 
 Lim  
sin x
2 x0 2x 2 2  
=   Lim  1
2 tan 3 x  3  x0 x 
 3  3Lim x0 3 x 

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1 + 3
 2  2  tan x 
=   3  Lim  1
2  x0 x 
 + 1 
3
5/2 2 3 2
=  =  1
5/3 3 2 3
Hence, the required answer is 1.
sin x  sin a
Q24. Evaluate: Lim
x a x a
sin x  sin a
Sol. Given that: Lim
x a x a
sin x  sin a x+ a
= Lim 
x a x a x+ a
(sin x  sin a) ( x + a )
= Lim
x a xa
 x+a x  a
 2 cos  sin  ( x + a)
= Lim 2 2 
x a xa
 x  a
 x + a sin 2 
= Lim  2 cos   ( x + a)
x a
 2 x  a
xa
0 
2 

2 2 
 xa 
 sin
 x + a
= Lim cos  ( x + a) Lim 2  1
 2   xa xa 
x a
 2
0 
 2 
Taking limit we have
 a + a
= cos  ( a + a ) = cos a  2 a = 2 a  cos a
 2 
Hence, the required answer is 2 a cos a.
cot 2 x  3
Q25. Evaluate: Lim
x  cosec x  2

6
cot 2 x  3
Sol. Given that Lim
x
 cosec x  2
6
cos ec 2 x  1  3 cosec 2 x  4
= Lim = Lim
 cosec x  2  cosec x – 2
x x
6 6

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
(cosec x + 2) (cosec x  2)
= Lim = Lim (cosec x + 2)
x
 (cosec x  2) x

6 6
Taking limit we have

= cosec + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4
6
Hence, the required answer is 4.
2  1 + cos x
Q26. Evaluate: Lim
x0 sin 2 x
2  1 + cos x
Sol. Given that Lim
x0 sin 2 x
2  1 + cos x 2 + 1 + cos x
= Lim 2

x0 sin x 2 + 1 + cos x
2  (1 + cos x)
= Lim
x0 sin 2 x  2 + 1 + cos x 
1  cos x
= Lim
x0 sin 2 x  2 + 1 + cos x 
2 sin 2 x /2 1
= Lim 
x0 (2 sin x /2 cos x /2)2  2 + 1 + cos x 
 
2 sin 2 x /2 1
= Lim 
x  0 4 sin 2 x /2 cos 2 x /2  2 + 1 + cos x 
 
2 1
= Lim 
x0 2 x  2 + 1 + cos x 
4 cos  
2
Taking limit, we get
2 1 1 1 1
=  =  
4 cos 2 0 ( 2 + 2) 2 2 2 4 2
1
Hence, the required answer is .
4 2
sin x  2 sin 3 x + sin 5 x
Q27. Evaluate: Lim
x0 x
sin x  2 sin 3 x + sin 5 x
Sol. Given that: Lim x0 x
sin x 2 sin 3 x sin 5 x
= Lim  +
x0 x x x
sin x  sin 3 x   sin 5 x 
= Lim  Lim 2    3 + Lim  5
x0 x 3 x0  3x 5 x0 5x 

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
= 1 – 6 + 5 = 0
Hence, the required answer is 0.
x4  1 x3  k 3
Q28. If Lim  Lim 2 , then find the value of k.
x 1 x  1 x k x  k 2

x4  1 x3  k 3
Sol. Given that Lim  Lim 2
x 1 x  1 x k x  k 2

( x  k ) ( x 2  k 2  kx)
 4(1)4–1
= Lim
x k ( x – k) ( x  k)
x 2  k 2  kx k2 + k2 + k2

 4 = Lim  4=
x k xk 2k
3k 2 3 8

 4=  4= k  k
2k 2 3
8
Hence, the required value of k is .
3
Differentiate each of the following functions from Exercise 29 to 42.
x4  x3  x2  1
Q29.
x
d  x4  x3  x2  1 d  3 1
Sol.   
2
 x  x  x  
dx x dx x
2 1
= 3x  2 x  1  2
x
1
Hence, the required answer is 3 x 2  2 x  1  2 .
x
1 3
Q30.  x  
 x
3
d  1 d  3 1 3
Sol.  x     x  3  3x  
dx x dx  x x
d 3
= ( x  x 3  3 x  3  x 1 ) = 3x2 – 3x–4 + 3 – 3  x–2
dx
3 3
= 3 x 2  4  3  2
x x
3 3
Hence, the required answer is 3 x 2  4  3  2 .
x x
Q31. (3x + 5) (1 + tan x)
Sol. d (3 x  5) (1  tan x)
dx

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

d d
= (3 x  5) (1  tan x)  (1  tan x) (3 x  5)
dx dx
= (3x + 5) (sec2x) + (1 + tan x) (3)
= 3x sec2 x + 5 sec2 x + 3 + 3 tan x [using product rule]
Hence, the required answer is 3x sec2 x + 5 sec 2 x + 3 tan x + 3
Q32. (sec x – 1) (sec x + 1)
d
Sol. (sec x  1) (sec x  1)
dx d d
= (sec x  1)  (sec x  1)  (sec x  1) (sec x  1)
dx dx
[using product rule]
= (sec x – 1) (sec x tan x) + (sec x + 1) (sec x tan x)
= sec x tan x (sec x – 1 + sec x + 1)
= sec x tan x  2 sec x = 2 sec2 x  tan x
Hence, the required answer is 2 tan x sec2 x.
3x  4
Q33. 2
5x  7 x  9
d  3x  4 
Sol.
dx  5 x 2  7 x  9 
d d
(5 x 2  7 x  9) (3 x  4)  (3 x  4)  (5x 2  7 x  9)
dx dx
=
(5 x 2  7 x  9)2
[Using quotient rule]
(5 x 2  7 x  9) (3)  (3 x  4) (10 x  7)
=
(5 x 2  7 x  9)2
15 x 2  21x  27  30 x 2  21x  40 x  28
=
(5 x 2  7 x  9)2
2
 15 x  40 x  55 55  40 x  15 x 2
= =
(5 x 2  7 x  9)2 (5 x 2  7 x  9)2
55  40 x  15 x 2
Hence, the required answer is
(5 x 2  7 x  9)2
5
x  cos x
Q34.
sin x
d 5 d
5 sin x  ( x  cos x)  ( x 5  cos x)  (sin x)
d  x  cos x  dx dx
Sol. =
dx  sin x  sin 2 x
[Using quotient rule]
4 5
sin x (5 x  sin x)  ( x  cos x) (cos x)
=
sin 2 x

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

5 x 4  sin x  sin 2 x  x 5 cos x  cos 2 x

=
sin 2 x
5 x sin x  x cos x  (sin 2 x  cos 2 x)
4 5
=
sin 2 x
4 5
5 x sin x  x cos x  1
=
sin 2 x
5 x 4 sin x  x 5 cos x  1
Hence, the required answer is .
sin 2 x

x 2 cos
Q35. 4
sin x
 x 2 cos  
2
Sol.
d 
 4  cos   d  x 
dx  sin x  4 dx  sin x 
1  d 2 d 
sin x  ( x )  x2  (sin x) 
= 2  dx dx  [Using quotient rule]
sin 2 x
2
1  sin x  2 x  x cos x  1  2x x 2 cos x 
=   =   
2  sin 2 x  2  sin x sin 2 x 
1
= [2 x cosec x  x 2 cot x cosec x]
2
x
= cos ec x [2  x cot x]
2 x
Hence, the required answer is cosec x [2  x cot x] .
2
Q36. (ax2 + cot x) (p + q cos x)
d
Sol. ( ax 2  cot x) ( p  q cos x)
dx
2 d d
= ( ax  cot x) ( p  q cos x)  ( p  q cos x) ( ax 2  cot x)
dx dx
[Using Product Rule]
= ( ax 2  cot x) (  q sin x)  ( p  q cos x) (2 ax  cosec 2 x)
Hence, the required answer is
= (ax2 + cot x) (– q sin x) + (p + q cos x) (2ax – cosec2 x)
a  b sin x
Q37.
c  d cos x
d  a  b sin x 
Sol.
dx  c  d cos x 

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

d d
(c + d cos x)  ( a + b sin x)  ( a + b sin x) (c + d cos x)
= dx dx
(c + d cos x)2
[Using quotient rule]
(c + d cos x) (b cos x)  ( a + b sin x) (  d sin x)
=
(c + d cos x)2
cb cos x + bd cos 2 x + ad sin x + bd sin 2 x
=
(c + d cos x)2
cb cos x + ad sin x + bd (cos 2 x + sin 2 x)
=
(c + d cos x)2
cb cos x + ad sin x + bd
=
(c + d cos x)2
Q38. (sin x + cos x)2
d d
Sol. (sin x + cos x)2  (sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
dx dx
d
= (sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
dx
d
+ (sin x + cos x) (sin x + cos x)
dx
= 2(sin x + cos x) d (sin x + cos x)
dx
= 2(sin x + cos x) (cos x  sin x) = 2(cos2 x – sin2 x) = 2 cos 2x
Hence, the required answer is 2 cos 2x.
Q39. (2x – 7)2 (3x + 5)3
d
Sol. (2 x  7)2 (3 x + 5)3
dx
d d
= (2 x  7)2  (3 x + 5)3 + (3x + 5)3  (2 x  7)2
dx dx
[Using product Rule]
= (2x – 7)2  3(3x + 5)2  3 + (3x + 5)3  2(2x – 7) . 2
= 9(2x – 7)2 (3x + 5)2 + 4(3x + 5)3 (2x – 7)
= (2x – 7) (3x + 5)2 [9(2x – 7) + 4(3x + 5)]
= (2x – 7) (3x + 5)2 (18x – 63 + 12x + 20)
= (2x – 7) (3x + 5)2 (30x – 43)
Hence, the required answer is (2x – 7) (30x – 43) (3x + 5)2
Q40. x2 sin x + cos 2x
d 2 d 2 d
Sol. ( x sin x + cos 2 x)  ( x sin x) + (cos 2 x)
dx dx dx

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

= ( x 2 cos x + sin x  2 x) + (  2 sin 2 x)

2
= x cos x + 2 x sin x  2 sin 2 x
Hence, the required answer is x2 cos x + 2x sin x – 2 sin 2x.
Q41. sin3 x cos3 x
d 3 d 3 3 d 3
Sol. (sin 3 x cos 3 x) = sin x  dx cos x + cos x  dx (sin x)
dx
[Using Product Rule]
= sin3 x  3 cos2 x (– sin x) + cos3 x  3 sin2 x  cos x
= – 3 sin4 x cos2 x + 3 cos4 x sin2 x
= 3 sin2 x cos2 x (– sin2 x + cos2 x)
= 3 sin2 x cos2 x  cos 2x
3 3
=  4 sin 2 x cos 2 x  cos 2 x = (2 sin x cos x)2 cos 2 x
4 4
3
= sin 2 2 x  cos 2 x
4
3
Hence, the required answer is sin 2 2 x cos 2 x
4
1
Q42. 2
ax + bx + c
d d
( ax 2 + bx + c ) (1)  1  ( ax 2 + bx + c )
d  1  dx dx
Sol. 
dx  ax 2 + bx + c  ( ax 2 + bx + c )2
[Using quotient rule]
( ax 2 + bx + c )  0  (2 ax + b)  (2 ax + b)
= =
( ax 2 + bx + c )2 ( ax 2 + bx + c )2
 (2 ax + b)
Hence, the required answer is
( ax 2 + bx + c )2
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Differentiate each of the functions with respect to ‘x’ in Exercise 43 to
46 using first principle method.
Q43. cos (x2 + 1)
Sol. Let f (x) = cos(x2 + 1) ...(i)
 f (x + Dx) = cos [(x + Dx)2 + 1] ...(ii)
Subtracting eq. (i) from eq. (ii) we get
f (x + Dx) – f (x) = cos [(x + Dx)2 + 1] – cos(x2 + 1)
Dividing both sides by Dx we get
f ( x + Dx)  f ( x) cos [( x + Dx)2 + 1]  cos( x 2 + 1)
=
Dx Dx

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Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

f ( x + Dx)  f ( x) cos[( x + Dx)2 + 1]  cos( x 2 + 1)

 Lim = Lim
Dx  0 Dx Dx  0 Dx
cos [( x + Dx)2 + 1]  cos ( x 2 + 1)
f (x) = Lim
Dx  0 Dx
[By definitions of differentiations]
 ( x + Dx)2 + 1 + x 2 + 1 
 2 sin  
 2 
 ( x + Dx)2 + 1  x 2  1 
. sin  
= Lim  2 
Dx  0 Dx
 C+D C  D
 cos C  cos D   2 sin 2  sin 2 

 x 2 + Dx 2 + 2 x  Dx + x 2 + 2 
 2 sin  
 2 
2 2 2
 x + Dx + 2 x Dx  x 
 sin  
= Lim  2 
Dx  0 Dx
 Dx 2   ( Dx + 2 x) 
 2 sin  x 2 + + x Dx + 1 sin  Dx 
= Lim  2   2
Dx  0 Dx
 Dx 2 
 2 sin  x 2 + + x Dx + 1
 2 
 ( Dx + 2 x) 
 sin  Dx 
 2  Dx + 2 x 
= Lim 
 
Dx  0  Dx + 2 x  2 
Dx  
 2
 ( Dx + 2 x) 
 2 Dx 2  sin  Dx 2 
= Lim  2 sin  x + + xDx + 1 
Dx  0  2   Dx + 2 x 
 Dx + 2 x 
Dx  0
Dx  
 2 
   2
 Dx + 2 x 
 
 2 
Taking limit, we have
sin x
= – 2 sin (x2 + 1)  1  (x) = – 2x sin (x2 + 1)  Lim  1

 x0 x 
Hence, the required answer is – 2x sin (x2 + 1).

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

ax + b
Q44.
cx + d
ax + b
Sol. Let f (x) = (i)
cx + d
a ( x + Dx) + b
 f (x + Dx) = (ii)
c ( x + Dx) + d
Subtracting eq. (i) from eq. (ii) we get
a ( x + Dx) + b ax + b
f (x + Dx) – f (x) = 
c ( x + Dx) + d cx + d
Dividing both sides by Dx and take the limit, we get
a( x + Dx) + b ax + b

f ( x + Dx)  f ( x) c( x + Dx) + d cx + d
Lim = Lim
Dx  0 Dx Dx  0 Dx
( ax + aDx + b) (cx + d)  ( ax + b) (cx + c Dx + d)
 f (x) = Lim
Dx  0 [c( x + Dx) + d] (cx + d)  Dx
[Using definition of differentiation]
acx 2 + ac Dx  x + bcx + adx + adDx + bd
 acx 2  ac Dx  x  adx  bcx  bc  Dx  bd
= DLim
x0 (cx + c Dx + d) (cx + d)  Dx
( ad  bc ) Dx
= Lim
Dx  0 ( cx + c Dx + d) ( cx + d)  Dx
( ad  bc )
= DLim
x  0 ( cx + c  Dx + d) ( cx + d)
Taking limit, we have
( ad  bc ) ad  bc
= 
(cx + d) (cx + d) (cx + d)2
ad  bc
Hence, the required answer is .
(cx + d)2
2/3
Q45. x
Sol. Let f (x) = x2/3 (i)
2/3
f (x + Dx) = (x + Dx) (ii)
Subtracting eq. (i) from (ii) we get
f (x + Dx) – f (x) = (x + Dx)2/3 – x2/3
Dividing both sides by Dx and take the limit.
f ( x + Dx)  f ( x) ( x + Dx)2/ 3  x 2/ 3
Lim = Lim
Dx  0 Dx Dx  0 Dx

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2/ 3
Dx 
x 2/ 3 1 +   x 2/ 3
 x 
f (x) = Lim
Dx  0 Dx
[By definition of differentiation]
 Dx  2/ 3 
x 2/ 3   1 +  1
  x  
= Lim
Dx  0 Dx
 2 Dx 
x 2/ 3   1 +  +   1
  3 x  
= Lim
Dx  0 Dx
[Expanding by Binomial theorem and rejecting the higher
powers of Dx as Dx  0]
2 Dx
x 2/ 3  
= Lim 3 x  2 x 2/ 3  1  2 x  1/ 3
Dx  0 Dx 3 3
2  1/ 3
Hence, the required answer is x .
3
Q46. x cos x
Sol. Let y = x cos x (i)
y + Dy = (x + Dx) cos (x + Dx) (ii)
Subtracting eq. (i) from eq. (ii) we get
y + Dy – y = (x + Dx) cos (x + Dx) – x cos x
 Dy = x cos (x + Dx) + Dx cos (x + Dx) – x cos x
Dividing both sides by Dx and take the limits,
Dy x cos ( x + Dx)  x cos x + Dx cos ( x + Dx)
Lim = Lim
Dx  0 Dx Dx  0 Dx
dy x[cos ( x + Dx)  cos x] Dx cos ( x + Dx)
= DLim + Lim
dx x 0 Dx Dx  0 Dx
 Dy dy 
 By definition DLim x  0 Dx
 
 dx 
 ( x + Dx + x) ( x + Dx  x) 
x   2 sin  sin 
 2 2
= Lim
Dx  0 Dx
+ Lim cos ( x + Dx)
Dx  0
  Dx  Dx 
x   2 sin  x +   sin 
  2 2 
= Lim + Lim cos ( x + Dx)
Dx  0 Dx Dx  0
Dx 2 

2
0 2

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Dx
\ 0 Taking the limits, we have
2
 Dx 
 sin 
= x[– sin x] + cos x 2
 DLimx D x
 1
 0 
= – x sin x + cos x  2
2 
Hence, the required answer is – x sin x + cos x
Evaluate each of the following limits in Exercise 47 to 53.
( x + y ) sec ( x + y)  x sec x
Q47. Lim
y0 y
( x + y ) sec ( x + y)  x sec x
Sol. Lim
y0 y
x sec ( x + y) + y sec ( x + y)  x sec x
= Lim
y0 y
[ x sec ( x + y)  x sec x] y sec ( x + y)
= Lim + Lim
y0 y y0 y
x [sec ( x + y )  sec x]
= Lim + Lim sec ( x + y)
y0 y y0

1 1 
x  
cos ( x + y ) cos x 
= Lim  + Lim sec ( x + y)
y0 y y0

 cos x  cos ( x + y ) 
= Lim x   + Lim sec ( x + y)
y0
 y  cos ( x + y )  cos x  y0
  x + x + y
  2 sin  2
 
x  
  x  x  y 
 sin  2
 
 + Lim sec ( x + y )
= Lim
y0 y cos ( x + y )  cos x y0

  y  y
x   2 sin  x +   sin   
  2  2  
= + Lim sec ( x + y )
cos ( x + y )  cos x  y y0

   y  y 
  2 sin  x +  sin    
2 2  
= Lim x  + Lim sec ( x + y)
y0   y   y0
 0 
y cos ( x + y)  cos x     2 
2   2 

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
 Taking the limits we have

 1 
= x  sin x   + sec x
 cos x  cos x 
= x sec x tan x + sec x = sec x (x tan x + 1)
Hence, the required answer is sec x (x tan x + 1)
(sin ( + )x + sin (  )x + sin 2  x)
Q48. Lim x
x0 cos 2x  cos 2x
[sin ( + )x + sin (  )x + sin 2  x]
Sol. Given, Lim x
x0 cos 2x  cos 2x
[2 sin x  cos x + sin 2  x]  x
= Lim
x0 2 sin ( + )x  sin (  ) x
 C+D CD 
 sin C + sin D = 2 sin 2  cos 2 
 
 C+ D C  D
cos C  cos D =  2 sin  sin
 2 2 
[2 sin x  cos x + 2 sin x  cos x]  x
= Lim
x0 2 sin ( + )x  sin (  )x
2 sin x (cos x + cos x)  x
= Lim
x0 2 sin ( + )x  sin(  )x
   +      
sin x  2 cos   x  cos   x  x
  2 2  
= Lim
x0 sin ( + )x  sin (  )x
   +      
sin x  2 cos  x  cos  x  x
  2   2  
= Lim
x0   +    + 
2 sin  x  cos  x
 2   2 
       
 2 sin  x  cos  x
 2   2 
 C+D CD 
 cos C + cos D  2 cos 2  cos 2 
 
and sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x 
sin x  x
= Lim
x0   +     
2 sin  x sin  x
 2   2 

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

sin x
 (x)  x
1 x
= Lim
x0 2    +       
 sin  2  x   +     sin  2   x (  ) 
   x    x
   +   x  2         2 
     x
  2     2  
1 x 2
= 
2   +     
  x x
2   2 
1  
=
2   +      

  
 2   2  
1 4 2
=  
2  2  2  2  2
2
Hence, the required answer is
  2
2

tan 3 x  tan x
Q49. Lim

cos  x + 

x
4  4
tan 3 x  tan x
Sol. Given, Lim

cos  x + 

x
4  4
tan x (tan 2 x  1)   (1  tan 2 x) 
= Lim = Lim tan x  Lim  
cos  x + 
 x   cos  x +   
  
x x
4 4 
4  4  4  
(1  tan x) (1 + tan x)
=  1  Lim
x
  
4cos  x + 
 4
 1  tan x 
= Lim  (1 + tan x)  Lim
     
4  cos  x +  
x x
4
 4 
(cos x  sin x)
=  (1 + 1)  Lim

x  
4 cos x  cos  x + 
 4

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 1 1 
2 cos x  sin x
 2 2 
=  2  Lim
x
  
4 cos x  cos  x + 
 4
   
 cos 4  cos x  sin 4 sin x 
=  2 2 Lim
x
  
4 cos x  cos  x + 
 4
 
 2 2  cos x +
 4 2 2
= Lim = (Taking limit)
 x +  
x
4 cos x  cos cos
 4 4
2 2
=  2  2  4
1
2
Hence, the required answer is – 4.
x
1  sin
Q50. Lim 2
x x x
cos  cos  sin 
x 
2 4 4
x
1  sin
2
Sol. Given, Lim
x  x x x
cos  cos  sin 
2 4 4
x x x x
cos 2 + sin 2  2 sin  cos
= Lim 4 4 4 4
x   x x x x
cos 2  sin 2   cos  sin 
 4 4  4 4
[ cos 2q = cos2 q – sin2 q]
2
 x x
 cos  sin 
= Lim 4 4
x   x x  x x  x x
 cos  sin    cos + sin    cos  sin 
4 4  4 4  4 4
1
= Lim
x   x x
 cos + sin 
4 4

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Taking limits we have
1 1 1 1
=   
  1 1 2 2
cos + sin +
4 4 2 2 2
1
Hence, the required answer is .
2
x4
Q51. Show that Lim does not exist.
x 4 x  4

x4
Sol. Given Lim
x 4x4
 ( x  4)
LHL = Lim   1 [ x  4   ( x  4) if x  4]
x 4 x4
x4
RHL = Lim+ =1 [ x  4  ( x  4) if x  4]
x 4 x  4
Since LHL  RHL
Hence, the limit does not exist.
 k cos x 
 , when x 
   2x 2
Q52. If f (x) = 
   
3, x  and if f ( x)  f  
 2  2
Find the value of k.
 k cos x 
 , x
 – 2x 2
Sol. Given, f (x) = 
 
3, x 
 2
 
k cos   h
k cos x  2 
LHL f(x) = Lim– = Lim
   2x h0  
x   2   h
2 2 
k sin h k sin h
= Lim = Lim
h0    + 2 h h0 2h
k k  sin h 
=  1 =  Lim
h0 h
 1

2 2
 
k cos  + h
k cos x 2 
RHL f(x) = Lim Lim
= h0
   2x
+  
x   2  + h
2 2 

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 k sin h
= Lim
    2h
h0
 k sin h k  sin h 
= Lim
h0  2h

2  Lim
h0 h
 1

we are given that Lim f ( x)  3

x
2
k
So, 3  k6
2
Hence, the required answer is 6.
 x + 2, x   1
Q53. If f(x) =  2 then find c when Lim f ( x) exists.
 cx , x   1 x  1
 x + 2, x   1
Sol. Given, f(x) =  2
 cx , x   1
LHL = Lim– f ( x) = Lim ( x + 2)
x  1 x  1

= Lim (  1  h + 2)  Lim (1  h) = 1
h0 h0

RHL = Lim+ cx 2 = Lim c(  1 + h)2  c

x 1 h0
Since the limits exist.
 LHL = RHL
 c=1
Hence, the required answer = 1
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
sin x
Q54. Lim is equal to
x  x  
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) – 1 (d) – 2
sin x sin (   x)
Sol. Given, Lim = Lim
x  x   x   (   x)

 sin x 
= – 1  Lim  1 and   x  0  x   
 x0 x 
Hence, the correct option is (c).
x 2 cos x
Q55. Lim is equal to
x  0 1  cos x
(a) 2 (b) 3/2 (c) – 3/2 (d) 1
x 2 cos x x 2 cos x  x
Sol. Given Lim = Lim  1  cos x  2 sin 2 
x0 1  cos x x0 x  2
2 sin 2
2

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

2
x2  x
 4 cos x    2 cos x
4 Lim 2
= Lim x =
x0 x x
2 sin 2 x0  0
2 sin 2
2 2
2
 x 
 
= Lim  2   2 cos x
x
 0  sin 
x
2  2
 x 
= 2 cos 0 = 2  1 = 2  Lim  1
 x0 sin x 
Hence, the correct option is (a).
(1 + x)n  1
Q56. Lim is equal to
x0 x
(a) n (b) 1 (c) – n (d) 0
n n n
(1 + x)  1 (1 + x)  (1)
Sol. Given Lim  Lim
x0 x x  0 (1 + x)  (1)
n
(1 + x)  (1) n  x n  an 
= Lim  n(1)n 1  n  Lim  nan 1 
1 + x 1 (1 + x)  (1)
 x a x  a 
Hence, the correct option is (a).
xm  1
Q57. Lim n is equal to
x 1 x  1
(a) 1 (b) m/n (c) – m/n (d) m2/n2
x m  (1)m
m
x 1 x1
Sol. Given Lim  Lim
x 1 xn  1 x 1 xn  (1)n
x1
m(1)m 1 m  x n  an 
=   Lim  nan 1 
n(1) n 1 n x a
 xa 
Hence, the correct option is (b).
1  cos 4
Q58. Lim is equal to
 0 1  cos 6
(a) 4/9 (b) 1/2 (c) – 1/2 (d) –1
1  cos 4 2 sin 2 2
Sol. Given Lim  Lim
 0 1  cos 6  0 2 sin 2 3

 2 
 1  cos   2 sin 2 

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2
sin 2 2  sin 2 
= Lim  Lim
 0 sin 2 3 0  sin 3 
2
 sin 2 
 2  2  2 2
= Lim   =  2    2   4
 0  sin 3
2  0  3   3   3 9
3 0  3 
Hence, the correct option is (a).
cosec x  cot x
Q59. Lim is equal to
x0 x
1 1
(a)  (b) 1 (c) (d) – 1
2 2
1 cos x

cosec x  cot x sin x sin x
Sol. Given Lim  Lim
x0 x x0 x
2 x
1  cos x 2 sin
2
= Lim 
x x
x  0 x sin x
x  2 sin cos
2 2
 sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x
x x x
sin tan tan
2 2  Lim 2
= Lim Lim
x = x0 x x
x0 x0
x cos 2
2 2
1 1  tan x 
=  1   Lim  1
2 2  x0 x 
Hence, the correct option is (c).
sin x
Q60. Lim is
x0 x +1  1 x
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) – 1
sin x
Sol. Given Lim
x0 x +1  1 x
sin x  x + 1 + 1  x 
= Lim
x0 ( x + 1  1  x) ( x + 1 + 1  x)
sin x  x + 1 + 1  x 
= Lim
x0 x +11+ x

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

sin x  x + 1 + 1  x  1 sin x
= Lim =  Lim [ x +1 + 1 x]
x0 2x 2 x0 x
Taking limit, we get
1 1
=  1   0 + 1 + 1  0    1  2  1
2 2
Hence, the correct option is (c).
sec 2 x  2
Q61. Lim is equal to
 tan x  1
x
4
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
2
sec x  2 1 + tan 2 x  2
Sol. Given, Lim  Lim
 tan x  1  tan x  1
x x
4 4
tan 2 x  1 (tan x + 1) (tan x  1)
= Lim tan x  1
= Lim
x x
 (tan x  1)
4 4

= Lim (tan x + 1)  tan +11+12
x
 4
4
Hence, the correct option is ( ).
( x  1) (2 x  3)
Q62. Lim
x 1 2x2 + x  3
1 1
(a) (b) 
10 10
(c) 1 (d) None of these
( x  1) (2 x  3)
Sol. Given Lim 2
x 1 2 x + 3 x  2 x  3

( x  1) (2 x  3) ( x  1) (2 x  3)
= Lim = Lim
x 1 x (2 x + 3)  1(2 x + 3) x 1 ( x  1) (2 x + 3)

( x  1) ( x + 1) (2 x  3) ( x  1) (2 x  3)
= Lim = Lim
x 1 ( x  1) ( x + 1) (2 x + 3) x 1 ( x  1) ( x + 1) (2 x + 3)

2x  3
= Lim
x 1 ( x + 1) (2 x + 3)
Taking limit we have
2(1)  3 1 1
=  
( 1 + 1) (2  1 + 3) 2  5 10
Hence, the correct option is (b).

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 sin [ x]
 , [ x]  0
Q63. If f(x) =  [ x] where [] denotes the greatest
 0, [ x]  0

integer function. Then Lim f ( x)
x0
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) – 1 (d) None of these
 sin [ x]
 , [ x]  0
Sol. Given, f(x) =  [ x]
 0, [ x]  0

sin [ x] sin [0  h]  sin [  h]
LHL = Lim = Lim = Lim  1
x0 [ x] h  0 [0  h ] h  0 [  h]
sin [ x] sin [0 + h] sin [h]
RHL = Lim+ = Lim = Lim 1
x0 [ x] h  0 [0 + h ] h  0 [ h]
LHL  RHL
So, the limit does not exist.
Hence, the correct option is (d).
sin x
Q64. Lim is equal to
x0 x
(a) 1 (b) – 1
(c) Does not exist (d) None of these.
sin x
Sol. Given Lim
x0 x
 sin x  sin x 
LHL = Lim =–1  Lim  1
x0 x x0 x 
sin x
RHL = Lim+ =1
x0 x
LHL  RHL, so the limit does not exist.
Hence, the correct option is (c).
2
 x  1, 0  x  2
Q65. If f (x) =  , then the quadratic equation
2 x + 3, 2  x  3
whose roots are Lim f ( x) and Lim+ f ( x) is
x 2 x 2
(a) x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 (b) x2 – 7x + 8 = 0
2
(c) x – 14x + 49 = 0 (d) x2 – 10x + 21 = 0
2
 x  1, 0  x  2
Sol. Given f(x) = 
2 x + 3, 2  x  3
 Lim f ( x) = Lim ( x 2  1)
x 2  
x 2

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Lim [(2  h)2  1] = Lim (4  h 2  4 h  1)

h 0 h0

= Lim ( h 2  4 h  3) 
3
h0
and Lim f ( x) = Lim (2 x  3) = Lim [2 (2  h)  3] 
7
x 2  
x 2 h0
Therefore, the quadratic equation whose roots are 3 and 7 is
x2 – (3 + 7)x + 3  7 = 0 i.e., x2 – 10x + 21 = 0. Hence, the correct
option is (d).
tan 2 x  x
Q66. Lim is equal to
x  0 3 x  sin x
1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c)  1 (d)
2 2 4
 tan 2 x 
x  1
tan 2 x  x x
Sol. Given Lim  Lim  
x  0 3 x  sin x x 0  sin x 
x 3 
tan 2 x  x 
21
Lim 2x 1.2  1 2  1 1
=  
x0 sin x 31 2 2
 2 x0 3
x

 2x  0
Hence, the correct option is (b).
 1
Q67. If f(x) = x – [x],  R then f    is equal to
2
3
(a) (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) – 1
2
Sol. Given f(x) = x – [x]
we have to first check for differentiability of f (x) at x = 1/2
1  1
f   h  f  
 1 2  2
 Lf    = LHD = Lim

2 h0 h
1  1  1 1
  h    h     
2  2  2 2
= Lim
h0 h
1 1
 h  0   0 h
2 2
= Lim   1
h0 h h
1   1
f   h  f  
1
   2   2
Rf  = RHD = Lim
 2 h0 h

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 1 + h   1 + h   1 +  1 
2   2  2  2 
= Lim
h0 h
1 1
+h 1 +1
2 2 h
= Lim  1
h0 h h
Since LHD = RHD
 1
 f =1
 2
Hence, the correct option is (b).
1
Q68. If y  x + , then dy at x  1 is equal to
x dx
1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 0
2 2
1
Sol. Given that y= x+
x
dy 1 1
=  3/2
dx 2 x 2x
 dy  1 1
  =  0
dx at x  1 2 2
Hence, the correct option is (d).
x4
Q69. If f (x) = , then f (1) is equal to
2 x
5 4
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
4 5
x4
Sol. Given that f (x) =
2 x
 x  1  ( x  4)  1 
1 2 x
 f (x) =  
2 x 
1  2x  x + 4  1 x+4 
=  = 
2  2 x  x  2  2( x)3/ 2 
1 1 + 4  5
 f (x) at x = 1 =  
2  2  1  4
Hence, the correct option is (a).
1
1+ 2
x dy
Q70. If y  1
then is equal to
1 2 dx
x

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 4x  4x
(a) (b)
2
( x  1) 2 x2  1
1  x2 4x
(c) (d) 2
4x x 1
1
1+ 2
Sol. Given y = x2  y  x + 1
1 x2  1
1 2
x
dy ( x 2  1)  2 x  ( x 2 + 1)  2 x
 =
dx ( x 2  1)2
2 x ( x  1  x 2 – 1)
2 2 x (  2)  4x
= = 2 2
 2
2
( x  1) 2
( x  1) ( x  1)2
Hence, the correct option is (a).
sin x + cos x dy
Q71. If y  , then at x = 0 is equal to
sin x  cos x dx
(a) – 2 (b) 0
(c) 1/2 (d) Does not exist
sin x + cos x
Sol. Given y =
sin x  cos x
(sin x  cos x) (cos x  sin x)
dy  (sin x + cos x) (cos x + sin x)
=
dx (sin x  cos x)2
 (sin x  cos x)2  (sin x + cos x)2
=
(sin x  cos x)2
 [sin 2 x + cos 2 x  2 sin x cos x
+ sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 2 sin x cos x]
=
(sin x  cos x)2
2
=
(sin x  cos x)2
 dy  2 2
   = 2
  2
dx at x  0 (sin 0  cos 0) (  1)2
Hence, the correct option is (a).
sin ( x + 9) dy
Q72. If y = , then at x  0 is equal to
cos x dx
(a) cos 9 (b) sin 9 (c) 0 (d) 1

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

sin ( x + 9)
Sol. Given y=
cos x
dy cos x  cos ( x + 9)  sin ( x + 9) (  sin x)
=
dx cos 2 x
cos x cos ( x + 9) + sin x sin ( x + 9)
=
cos 2 x
cos ( x + 9  x) cos 9
= 
cos 2 x cos 2 x
 dy  cos 9 cos 9
\   =   cos 9
dx at x  0 cos 2 0 (1)2
Hence, the correct option is (a).
x2 x100
Q73. If f(x) = 1 + x + + + , then f (1) is equal to
2 100
1
(a) (b) 100
100
(c) does not exist (d) 0
2
x x100
Sol. Given f(x) = 1 + x + + +
2 100
2x 100 x99
f (x) = 1 + ++
2 100
 f (1) = 1 + 1 + 1 + … + 1 (100 times) = 100
Hence, the correct option is (b).
x n  an
Q74. If f ( x)  for some constant, a, then f (a) is equal to
(a) 1 xa (b) 0
(c) does not exist (d) 1/2
n n
x a
Sol. Given f(x) =
xa
( x  a) ( n  x n  1 )  ( x n  a n )  1
f (x) =
( x  a) 2
( a  a) ( n  a n  1 )  ( a n  a n )
 f (a) =
( a  a) 2
0
So f (a) = = does not exist
0
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q75. If f (x) = x100 + x99 … + x + 1, then f (1) is equal to
(a) 5050 (b) 5049 (c) 5051 (d) 50051

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Sol. Given, f(x) = x + x + … + x + 1
100 99

 f (x) = 100x99 + 99.x98 + … + 1

So, f (1) = 100 + 99 + 98 + … + 1
100
= [2  100 + (100  1) (  1)]
2
= 50[200 – 99] = 50  101 = 5050
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q76. If f (x) = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + … – x99 + x100, then f (1) is equal to
(a) 150 (b) – 50 (c) – 150 (d) 50
Sol. Given that f (x) = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + … – x99 + x100
f (x) = – 1 + 2x – 3x2 + … – 99x98 + 100 x99
 f (1) = – 1 + 2 – 3 + … – 99 + 100
= (– 1 – 3 – 5 … – 99) + (2 + 4 + 6 + … + 100)
50 50
= [2   1 + (50  1) (  2)] + [2  2 + (50  1)2]
2 2
= 25[–2 – 98] + 25 [4 + 98] = 25  – 100 + 25  102
= 25[–100 + 102] = 25  2 = 50
Hence, the correct option is (d).
FILL IN THE BLANKS
tan x
Q77. If f(x) = , then Lim f ( x)  
x x 

 tan (   x)  tan (   x)
Sol. Given f(x) = Lim  Lim 1
x  x  x  0  (   x)
Hence, the value of the filler is 1.
 x 
Q78. Lim  sin mx cot   2 then m  
x0  3
 x 
Sol. Given Lim  sin mx  cot  2
x0  3
sin mx  x 
= Lim  mx Lim  cot  2
x0 mx x0  3
 mx  0
1
= 1  mx  Lim 2
x0 x
tan
3
x
3
= Lim mx  2
x0 x x
 tan
3 3

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 Chapter 13 - Limits and Derivatives NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

mx 2 2 3
= (1)  2  3m 2  m  
x 3 3
3
2 3
Hence, the value of the filler is .
3
x x2 x3 dy
Q79. If y 1      , then 
1! 2! 3! dx
2 3
x x x
Sol. Given that y 1    
1! 2! 3!
dy 1 2 x 3x2
= 0   
dx 1! 2! 3!
x x2 x3
= 1     = y
1! 2! 3!

Hence the value of the filler is y.
x
Q80. Lim
x  3 [ x]

x
Sol. Given Lim
x  3 [ x]

= Lim   1
[3
 ] 3
Hence, the value of the filler is 1.

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