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Exception Handling in Java
The Exception Handling in Java is one of the powerful mechanism to handle the
runtime errors so that the normal flow of the application can be maintained.
Exception is an abnormal condition. In Java, an exception is an event that disrupts the
normal flow of the program. It is an object which is thrown at runtime.
What is Exception Handling?
Exception Handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors such as
ClassNotFoundException, IOException, SQLException, RemoteException, etc.
Hierarchy of Java Exception classes
The java.lang.Throwable class is the root class of Java Exception hierarchy inherited by
two subclasses: Exception and Error. The hierarchy of Java Exception classes is given
below:
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Types of Java Exceptions
There are mainly two types of exceptions: checked and unchecked. An error is
considered as the unchecked exception. However, according to Oracle, there are three
types of exceptions namely:
Checked Exception
Unchecked Exception
Error
Difference between Checked and Unchecked Exceptions
1) Checked Exception
The classes that directly inherit the Throwable class except RuntimeException and Error
are known as checked exceptions. For example, IOException, SQLException, etc.
Checked exceptions are checked at compile-time.
2) Unchecked Exception
The classes that inherit the RuntimeException are known as unchecked exceptions. For
example, ArithmeticException, NullPointerException,
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, etc. Unchecked exceptions are not checked at
compile-time, but they are checked at runtime.
3) Error
Error is irrecoverable. Some example of errors are OutOfMemoryError,
VirtualMachineError, AssertionError etc.
Java Exception Keywords
Java provides five keywords that are used to handle the exception. The following table
describes each.
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Example:
public class JavaExceptionExample{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
//code that may raise exception
int data=100/0;
}catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println(e);}
//rest code of the program
System.out.println("rest of the code...");
}
}
2) A scenario where NullPointerException occurs
If we have a null value in any variable, performing any operation on the variable throws
a NullPointerException.
String s=null;
System.out.println(s.length());//NullPointerException
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3) A scenario where NumberFormatException occurs
If the formatting of any variable or number is mismatched, it may result into
NumberFormatException. Suppose we have a string variable that has characters;
converting this variable into digit will cause NumberFormatException.
String s="abc";
int i=Integer.parseInt(s);//NumberFormatException
4) A scenario where ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException occurs
When an array exceeds to it's size, the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException occurs. there
may be other reasons to occur ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException. Consider the
following statements.
int a[]=new int[5];
a[10]=50; //ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Java Exceptions Index
Java Try-Catch Block
Java Multiple Catch Block
Java Nested Try
Java Finally Block
Java Throw Keyword
Java Exception Propagation
Java Throws Keyword
Java Throw vs Throws
Java Final vs Finally vs Finalize
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Java Exception Handling with Method Overriding
Java Custom Exceptions
public class MultipleCatchBlock1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
int a[]=new int[5];
a[5]=30/0;
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception occurs");
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
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{
System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception occurs");
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println("Parent Exception occurs");
}
System.out.println("rest of the code");
}
}
