SCORERS

TRAINING
MANUAL

LEVEL D
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 INDEX of CHAPTERS

Chapter 1 p. 3
Introduction to Cricket

Chapter 2 p. 8
Introduction to Scoring
Runs
Boundaries

Chapter 3 p. 11
Extras: Byes & Leg byes

Chapter 4 p. 13
Extras: No balls , Wides and Penalty runs

Chapter 5 p. 17
Bowler’s Wickets

Chapter 6 p. 21
Other Wickets

Chapter 7 p. 23
The Result

Chapter 8 p. 25
Short Runs, Dead Ball, Overthrows, Disregard Last Signal

Chapter 9 p. 27
Calculations

Chapter 10 p. 28
Revision

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION to CRICKET

Main Objectives of Level D:

• To introduce you to the game of cricket
• To teach you the very basics of scoring on the Linear System

THE PLAYERS
There are always two teams in a cricket match. Each team has 11 players of which one is the captain. Each
team shall nominate their own substitute or replacement players if available (referred to as the 12th man).

At any time, a maximum of 11 players of the one team (called fielders) and two players of the other team
(called batters) should be on the field, the batters may have runners but with consent from the umpires.

Fig. 1 All 11 players of the team wearing yellow can be seen on the
field, as well as the two batters of the team wearing red.

A substitute shall not bowl or act as captain but

may act as wicket-keeper only with the consent
of the umpires

CRICKET FIELD
Cricket is played on a field. Sometimes this field is oval in shape, sometimes it is round and sometimes it is
square.

Fig. 2 The Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa

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THE SQUARE
In the middle of this field is a Square that may consist of many rectangular areas laying side-by-side.

Fig. 3 Lord’s Cricket Oval, England

THE PITCH
These rectangular areas are called pitches that may consist of turf and non-turf surfaces.
Before a match, one of the pitches on the square is chosen and prepared, and it is on this pitch that the
main part of the game is played. The pitch is marked out with white lines called “creases”.

Fig. 4 The pitch at Newlands Stadium, Cape Town

THE GAME

Each team has a chance to bat, this is known as an innings. Each team has at least one innings in every
match. The innings starts with the two opening batters and ends when the batters are all out or the overs
are completed. Depending on the match format, a captain may also end the innings by declare their innings
closed.

An over is 6 legitimate balls bowled in succession by one bowler from one end of the pitch. As soon as these
6 balls have been bowled, it is the end of that over, and another bowler will bowl the next over from the
other end of the pitch.

No bowler can bowl two successive overs.

If no runs (off the bat) have been scored off the 6 legitimate balls, the over is called a maiden over. If a
wicket is taken off a maiden over, this is called a wicket maiden.

Eleven members of one team (fielding side) play against two members of the batting side at any time during
play.

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 Fig. 5 AB de Villiers (a batter) is batting with a bat Fig. 6 Kagiso Rabada (a bowler) is bowling a ball

These two players are called a batter for the duration of their innings. Batters always bat in pairs. They
stand at opposite ends of the pitch. Each batter has a cricket bat in his/her hand with which he/she tries
to hit the ball that the bowler is bowling to him/her.

One member of the opposing team will be delivering a ball to one of the batters – this is called bowling, and
the member bowling is called a bowler.

THE WICKETS

At both ends of the pitch, a set of three wooden stumps – the wickets – is put into the ground.
The tops of the three stumps are connected by two loose pieces of wood, known as the bails. The bails can
be connected to a tether which serves as a means to ensure player safety by limiting the distance the bails
can travel from the stumps.

These wickets are part of the ways in which a batter can be dismissed and each batter guards the wickets
closest to him/her. The Wicket keeper is a member of the fielding side – he/she wears gloves and is always
behind the wickets of the facing batter.

Fig. 7 The Wickets Fig. 8 The wicket keeper

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THE SCORE

The ingredients of the score in cricket are runs and wickets.

Runs are scored when the batter hits the ball and he/she and his/her batting partner cross ends and make
good their ground. Every time they cross ends, 1 run is scored. All the other members of the fielding team
are called fielders and they try to stop the batters from scoring runs, either by preventing them from
crossing ends, or by getting rid of one of the batter (see Wickets).

Every run that is scored, counts

• towards the score of the respective batter,
• against the bowler who bowled the ball, and
• the team’s total.

Runs are also awarded when a boundary is scored (a 4 or a 6), penalties are awarded and extras are scored.
A batting team gets Extras mostly when the fielding team makes mistakes.

You have to make sure that in the end, all the runs that the batters made, balance with the runs conceded
by the bowlers as well as with the total of the team.

Wickets are taken when one of the batters makes a mistake according to the Laws of the game, and he/she
has to leave the field. This batter cannot bat again in that innings. Another member of the team will now
join the remaining batter at the pitch, and they will continue batting.
Every time a batter is dismissed according to the Laws of Cricket, 1 wicket is lost. Every team has a
maximum of 10 wickets they can lose. When all 10 wickets are down, this team’s innings has come to an end.
The score of the batting team is always given in the following order: “x runs scored” for “y wickets lost”.
e.g. 127 for 5. This is written as follows: 127/5

THE MATCH OFFICIALS

UMPIRES
Every match should have two official Umpires to control the match as required by the Laws.

They are impartial and it is their job to control the game. The one umpire stands behind one set of wickets
at the end of the pitch the bowler is bowling from, this umpire is called the bowler’s end umpire. His/her
colleague stands square of the facing batter’s wicket, a few metres away from the pitch., this umpire is
called the square leg umpire.

Bowler’s end Umpire

Square leg Umpire Fig. 9 The Umpires (in black pants)

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SCORERS
There are usually two official scorers at every match. They sit on the side of the field. The job of the
scorers is to record everything that happens on the field during the match, as accurately and
comprehensively as possible. The scorer’s job is not finished until all the runs balance.

The scorers are the only people recording a match and should therefore be very careful to score
correctly. The two scorers must always make sure that they have the same score.

The Umpires and Scorers must work together as a team. The Umpires will use specific signals to inform the
scorer what to do in certain circumstances. You as scorer are to acknowledge each signal separately by
raising your one arm above your head while you watch the Umpire to ensure that he/she sees you. Ensuring
good communication between Umpires and Scorers is as much our job as it is the Umpires’, and in the end it
contributes to an enjoyable day for all.

Equipment:
Make sure you have at least the following items with you:
ü Score sheets
ü Pen, pencil, coloured pens, eraser, tipp-ex
ü Clock/watch
ü Calculator
ü Laws and Playing Conditions
ü Notepad
ü Binoculars
ü A Clip board and extra paper clips
ü Jersey/jacket
ü Sunscreen
ü A hat/cap

Arrive at the ground at least 45 minutes prior to the scheduled start of the game because in order to
score the game efficiently you need to:

• Know the opposing team so that you can identify bowling changes and which fielder took a catch.
(In the next manual you will be introduced to the fielding notes that are recorded at provincial
games.) Always take a notepad with you to record details of the opposing team,
• Find out where you will be sitting (make sure that the umpires know where you are sitting),
• Introduce yourself to the your co-scorer and the umpires
• Allow yourself enough time to set up your scoring equipment. Scorers must be ready to watch and
record the game from the very first ball bowled.
• Receive the team lists and toss details from the umpires once the toss has been completed

Scorers must always watch the game, you cannot record the game accurately if
your head is down whilst runs are being scored or the match is in play.

7
 CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION to SCORING
RUNS
BOUNDARIES

In this chapter we will see

• What the Linear scoring system is
• What Runs & Boundaries are
• How they will be scored

The Linear Scoring System consists of two sheets – the Worksheet and the Summary Sheet.
The Summary Sheet is a summary of the match.
During the match, you will record every ball on the Worksheet, and transfer certain information from the
Worksheet onto the Summary Sheet.

The Summary Sheet is completed in black pen.

The Worksheet is completed in different coloured pens/pencils as well as lead pencil.
We will be using colours for each bowler, and the colour will be determined by the order in which the
bowlers are bowling. There is a set order in which the colours are to be used. All runs scored will be
recorded in the colour of the bowler bowling at that stage.

ORDER: COLOUR

1 RED

2 BLUE

3 BROWN

4 GREEN

5 PURPLE

6 ORANGE

7 LIGHT BLUE

8 LIGHT GREEN

9 PINK

10 YELLOW

11 BLACK

Fig. 10 Order of Scoring Colours

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The Worksheet shows each over on consecutive lines. You can see which batter faced which delivery and
what the total was after every over. It has space for the two batters currently batting as well as for the
two bowlers currently bowling. Whenever either bowler or batter changes, he/she gets replaced by the
next batter / bowler.

Runs are scored every time a batter hits the ball and the two batters cross each other and therefore
change ends.

In the figure on the right,

Batter A faces a delivery from
the bowler, off which the two
Bat B
batters run through for a
single run, i.e. they cross once.
You will notice that Batter B
will face the next ball in that Bat A Bowler running in to bowl
over.
Fig. 11 Batters running 1 during the over

Whenever there are an UNEVEN number of runs during the over, the other batter will face the next
delivery.

In the following figure, Batter

A is facing the delivery, and
the batters run through for 2 Bat B
runs, i.e. they cross twice.
Should there be another
delivery in that over, Batter A
will face it again. Bat A Bowler running in to bowl

Fig. 12 Batters running 2 runs during the over

Whenever there is an EVEN number of runs during the over, the same batter will face the next
delivery.

Runs off the LAST BALL OF THE OVER, work a little bit different.

After an uneven number of runs have

been run off the last ball of the
over, Batter A has moved to the end
Bat B
New over being bowled
to which the new bowler will now be from the other end
bowling. Therefore Batter A will
face the first delivery of the next
over. Bat A

Fig. 13 Batters running 1 run off the last ball of the over

Whenever there are an UNEVEN number of runs at the end of the over, the same batter will face
the first delivery of the next over.

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After two runs have been run,
Batter B will now be at the end to
which the new bowler will be Bat B
New over being bowled
bowling. Therefore Batter B will from the other end
be facing the first delivery of the
next over.
Bat A

Fig. 14 Batters running 2 runs off the last ball of the over

Whenever there are an EVEN number of runs off the last delivery of the over, the other batter will
face the first delivery of the next over.

BOUNDARIES
Around the edge of the cricket field, there is a rope or a white marking on the grass or an object that
marks the edge of the field. This is called the boundary. The boundary of the field shall be determined by
the umpires before the toss.

Whenever the ball touches or crosses this boundary or any object that is grounded beyond the boundary, a
fixed number of runs – 4 – are scored.

The Umpire will signal to the scorer as follows:

Waving an arm from side to side,
finishing with arm across the chest.

The scorer must acknowledge the Umpire’s signal.

Fig. 15 Umpire signalling Boundary 4

Whenever the ball clears this boundary, or is first grounded beyond the boundary a fixed number of runs –
6 – are scored.
The Umpire will signal to the scorer as follows:
Raising both arms above the head.

The scorer must acknowledge the Umpire’s signal.

Sometimes, the batters are able to run 4 runs (for instance when the
outfield is very slow, or if they are playing on a very big field and the
boundaries are a long way off).

This is not scored as a boundary and not counted as one either.

The correct way of indicating it is as follows, where the 4 is in the colour
of the bowler, and the small ‘r’ is in pencil.
The ‘r’ indicates that the 4 runs were run.
The same would apply should the batters run 6 runs.

4r
Fig. 16 Umpire signalling Boundary 6

(At the end of this chapter complete Class Exercise 1)

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 CHAPTER 3
EXTRAS: BYES & LEG BYES

In this chapter we will see

• What Extras are
• How Byes and Leg byes are scored

There are other ways in which a team can score runs: these are called Extras.
The first type of Extras is BYES.

Byes are scored when the ball, after being delivered by the bowler, does not touch anything on its way past
the batter – that means, the batter did not touch the ball with either bat or any part of his/her body, and
the two batters manage to cross at least once.

The Umpire is the sole judge of Byes.

He/she will signal to the scorers in the following manner:
Raising an open hand above the head –
palm facing the front

The scorer must acknowledge the Umpire’s signal.

Fig. 17 Umpire signalling Bye

The symbol for a Bye on both the Summary Sheet and Worksheet is a

B
Should the batters have the opportunity to cross more than once, or when the ball goes to the boundary, it
is scored as follows:

2B 3B 4B
Byes are always scored in PENCIL on the Worksheet.

Byes do not count as runs scored by the batter.

Since he/she has not hit the ball with his/her bat, he/she cannot get credit for it.

Neither will the bowler be penalised with the Byes, as they did not come off the bat.
The Byes will still be added to the total of the team

There is a column on the Worksheet for the Byes (marked “B” under “Extras”), and they have to be entered
here.
When you balance the runs, you have to add the number of Byes to the final scores of the batter to
balance to the total runs of the team. You have to do the same when you add up the runs of the bowlers in
order to balance.

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The second type of Extras is LEG BYES.

Leg byes are scored when the ball, after being delivered by the bowler,
only touches the batter’s body and not his/her bat, and the two
batters manage to cross for one or more runs.

The Umpire is the sole judge of Leg byes.

He/she will signal to the scorers in the following manner:
Touching a raised knee with one hand

Once more, you have to acknowledge the Umpire’s signal.

Fig. 18 Umpire signalling Leg bye

The symbol for a Leg bye on both the Summary Sheet and Worksheet is a

L
Should the batters have the opportunity to cross more than once,
or when the ball goes to the boundary, it is scored as follows:

2L 3L 4L
Leg byes are always scored in PENCIL on the Worksheet.

Leg byes also do not count as runs scored by the batter.

Since he/she has not hit the ball with his/her bat, he/she cannot get credit for it.
Neither will the bowler be penalised with the Leg byes, as they did not come off
the bat

The Leg byes will still be added to the total of the team.

There is a column on the Worksheet for the Leg byes (marked “L” under “Extras), and they have to be
entered here.
When you balance the runs, you have to add the number of Leg byes to the final scores of the batter to
balance to the total runs of the team. You have to do the same when you add up the runs of the bowlers in
order to balance.

(At the end of this chapter complete Class Exercise 2 as well as Home Exercise 1)

“Sport has the power to change the world. It has the power to inspire. It has the
power to unite people in a way that little else does. It speaks to youth in a language
they understand. Sport can create hope where once there was only despair. It is
more powerful than government in breaking down racial barriers.”
– Nelson Mandela

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 CHAPTER 4
EXTRAS: NO BALLS & WIDES & PENALTY EXTRAS

In this chapter we will see

• How No balls are scored
• How Wides are scored
• What Penalty Extras are

The third type of Extras is NO BALLS.

No balls are scored when the bowler makes a mistake in delivering the ball,
or when the fielders make certain mistakes as the ball is delivered.
The batters do not need to cross for a No ball to be scored. Because of this
mistake by either the bowler or the fielders, the ball does not count as one of
the 6 legitimate balls in the over and will have to be re-bowled.

The Umpire is the sole judge of No balls. He/she will signal to the scorers
in the following manner:
Extending one arm horizontally
Fig. 19 Umpire signalling No ball
The scorer must acknowledge the Umpire’s signal.

The symbol for a No ball on the Worksheet is a circle in the colour of the bowler:
Runs, Leg byes and Byes could be scored off a No ball.

Whenever there is a No ball, there is a possibility of a double (or even triple) signal
e.g. The Umpire may signal No Ball and then Boundary 4, or No Ball & then Leg Bye
and then Boundary 4

The batter can score runs off a No ball, and these runs will be added to the batter’s score.
The bowler will be penalised with all the runs off the bat scored off the No ball AS WELL AS with one run
for bowling the No ball. The bowler will not be penalised for Byes or Leg byes scored off a No ball.

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 Number of runs to be recorded
Scoring
Detail entry for
bowler no Batter Bowler Extras – Extras – Total
1 No Byes &
Balls Leg byes

1 No ball
bowled 0 1 1 0 1

1 No ball 1 2 1 0 2
bowled + 1 run

1 No ball
0 1 1 1 2
bowled + 1
Bye

1 No ball
bowled + 2 0 1 1 2 3
Byes

1 No ball
bowled + 1 Leg
bye 0 1 1 1 2

1 No ball
bowled + 4 Leg 0 1 1 4 5
byes

Runs scored off the bat off a No ball shall be scored as RUNS

Byes & Leg byes scored off a No ball shall be scored as Byes
and Leg byes as appropriate

There is a column on the Worksheet for the No balls (marked “NE” under “Extras”), and all the No ball
extras have to be entered here.

When you balance the runs, you have to add the number of No balls to the total scores of the batters to
balance to the total runs of the team. Since all the No balls have been added to the bowlers’ totals at the
time it happened, you do not add No Ball Extras to the bowlers totals to balance.

14
The fourth type of Extras is WIDES.

A Wide is scored when the bowler makes a mistake in delivering the ball
by bowling it so wide of the batter that he/she cannot play a proper shot.

The batters do not need to cross for a Wide to be scored.

Because of this mistake by the bowler, the ball does not count as one
of the 6 legitimate balls in the over and will have to be re-bowled.

The Umpire is the sole judge of Wides.

He/she will signal to the scorers in the following manner:
Extending both arms horizontally

The scorer must acknowledge the Umpire’s signal. Fig. 20 Umpire signalling Wide ball

The symbol for a Wide on the Worksheet is a cross in the colour of the bowler.

Batters can still cross should the wicket keeper not field the ball properly.
The bowler will be penalised with all the runs (Wides in this instance) off the Wide AS WELL AS with one
run for bowling the Wide ball.

Scoring Number of runs to be recorded

Detail entry for Batter Extras – Bowler Total
bowler no 1 Wide Balls

1 wide ball bowled

0 1 1 1

1 wide ball bowled + 1 run 0 2 2 2

1 wide ball bowled + 2 runs 0 3 3 3

1 wide ball bowled + 3 runs

0 4 4 4
1 wide ball bowled + 4 runs

0 5 5 5

Nothing but Wides can be scored off a wide, as the batter could not
have touched the ball with his/her bat, and the Umpire should not
signal Wide if the ball touches the batter at all.

There is a column on the Worksheet for the Wide balls (marked “WE” under “Extras”), and all the Wide
extras have to be entered here.
When you balance the runs, you have to add the number of Wide ball extras to the final scores of the
batter to balance to the total runs of the team. Since all the Wide balls have been added to the bowlers’
totals at the time it happened, you do not have to anything in order to balance.

15
The fifth type of Extras is PENALTY EXTRAS.

These extras occur in various circumstances when either a batter

or a fielder infringes one of the relevant cricket laws.

The Umpire is the sole judge of Penalty Extras.

He/she will signal to the scorers in the following manner:
Tapping the opposite shoulder (batting penalty extras)
or holding the opposite shoulder (fielding penalty extras)

The scorer must acknowledge the umpires signal

The symbol for Penalty Extras to the batting side on the Worksheet is a Fig. 21 Umpire signalling Penalty Extras

P
The symbol for Penalty Extras to the fielding side on the Worksheet, NOTE THAT PENALTY EXTRAS TO
THE FIELDING SIDE NEED TO BE ADDED TO THE SCORE OF THE MOST RECENTLY COMPLETED
INNINGS OR THE INNINGS STILL TO COME !!!

PF
Penalty Extras are always scored in PENCIL on the Worksheet and always count as FIVE Penalty
Extras.

Penalty Extras do not count as runs scored by the batter. The bowler will also not be penalised with the
Penalty Extras.

The Penalty Extras will still be added to the team’s total.

There is a column on the Worksheet for the Penalty Extras (marked “P” under “Extras), and they have to
be entered there.
When you balance the runs, you have to add the number of Penalty Extras to the final scores of the batter
to balance to the total runs of the team. You have to do the same when you add up the runs of the bowlers
in order to balance.

The strange thing about Penalty Extras is that they can be added to the score of the team
currently batting (if the fielding side made a mistake), OR they can be added to the score of the
FIELDING SIDE’S BATTING INNINGS (if the batting side made a mistake).

Should the latter occur, you have to add the five Penalty Extras to the fielding side’s MOST
RECENTLY COMPLETED INNINGS, or if they still have to bat you add it TO THEIR INNINGS
STILL TO COME. This means that the fielding team can begin to score before they have even
started to bat!!

Penalty Extras do not occur very often, so they are only briefly mentioned.
Penalty Extras will be dealt with in full in later courses.

(At the end of this chapter complete Class Exercise 3 as well as Home Exercise 2)

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 CHAPTER 5
BOWLER’S WICKETS

In this chapter we will see

• What a wicket is
• Which Wickets the bowler will be awarded with
• How these wickets are scored

Up to now we have seen how the batting team as well as the batters can score
runs.

The second part of the score is the Wickets.

The fielding team and the bowlers can all take wickets.

The Umpire is the sole judge of a Wicket and can only give a batter out
if the fielding side appeals. Sometimes, it is quite obvious that a batter is out,
and the fielding side would not even appeal.
The batter can walk off in these circumstances without waiting for the
signal from the Umpire. Should he/she remain at the wicket though,
the Umpire will give him/her out in the following manner:

Raising an index finger above the head

Fig. 21 Umpire giving the batter out

The scorer does not have to acknowledge the signal from the umpire.

The wickets that the bowler takes happen more often and we will address them first.
All wickets for the bowler are denoted with a W in the colour of the bowler.

W
At the fall of a wicket:

1. On your Worksheet,
i) Complete the line as if you were at the end of the over
ii) Draw a line across the page, skipping the Not Out batter’s columns
iii) Enter the name of the next batter in the line directly below the Out Batter’s
score in the Out batter’s column

2. On your Summary Sheet,

i) Enter the way in which the batter was dismissed in the How Out column of the
Batter’s section
ii) Enter the bowler’s name in the Bowler’s column next to the How Out
iii) Enter the number of runs the batter scored in the Runs column
iv) Enter the team’s total at that stage in the Total column in the Fall of Wicket
section
v) Enter the number of the batter who has been dismissed in the Out column
(covered in the Level C course)
vi) Enter the over (and ball in the over if applicable) in the Over column. e.g. if the
batter is out on the 2nd ball of the 3rd over enter 3.2 (covered in the Level C
course)
vii) Enter the initials and surname of the next batter in the next batting spot

17
BOWLED
One or both bails are removed from the top of the stumps or one
or more stumps is removed from the ground.

The incoming batter will ALWAYS face the next delivery unless the
dismissal takes place at the end of the over.

You will fill out the ‘How Out’ section on the summary sheet as
BOWLED followed by the surname of the bowler under the ‘Bowler’
column should this type of dismissal take place.

Fig. 22 Batter bowled

LBW (Leg Before Wicket)

The batter missed the ball with his/her bat and the ball strikes
him/her in front of his/her wickets.

After taking a lot of things into consideration if the umpire is

convinced that the ball would have hit the wickets had it not hit the
batter, he/she will give the batter out.

The incoming batter will ALWAYS face the next delivery

unless the dismissal takes place at the end of the over.

You will fill out the ‘How Out’ section on the summary sheet as
LBW followed by the surname of the bowler under the ‘Bowler’
column should this type of dismissal take place.

Fig. 23 Batter trapped Leg Before Wicket

CAUGHT (by the wicket keeper)

The batter hits the ball in the air and it is Caught by a fielder
(in this case the wicket keeper) before it touches the ground.

The incoming batter will ALWAYS face the next delivery unless
the dismissal takes place at the end of the over.

You will fill out the ‘How Out’ section on a summary sheet as
c XXXX (where XXXX is the surname of the wicket keeper)
followed by the surname of the bowler under the ‘Bowler’ column
should this type of dismissal take place.

Fig. 24 Batter caught by the wicket keeper

Whenever a catch has been taken and a
batter has thus been dismissed,
NO RUNS WILL BE SCORED
18
CAUGHT (by any other fielder)
The batter hits the ball in the air and it is
caught by a fielder before it touches the ground.

The incoming batter will ALWAYS face the next delivery

unless the dismissal takes place at the end of the over.

You will fill out the ‘How Out’ section on the summary
sheet as c XXXX (where XXXX is the surname of the
fielder) followed by the surname of the bowler under
the ‘Bowler’ column should this type of dismissal take
place.

Fig. 25 Batter Caught in the field

CAUGHT AND BOWLED (c and b)

The batter hits the ball in the air and it is caught by the bowler
before it touches the ground.

The incoming batter will ALWAYS face the next delivery

unless the dismissal takes place at the end of the over.

You will fill out the ‘How Out’ section on the summary sheet as
C AND B followed by the surname of the bowler under the
‘Bowler’ column

Fig. 26 Bowler taking a catch off his/her own

bowling
STUMPED
The wicket keeper removes the bails off the wickets with the
batter out of his/her crease.

This can happen off a Wide ball; the one Wide extra will count,
and is scored as follows:
W

The incoming batter will ALWAYS face the next delivery

unless the dismissal takes place at the end of the over.

Fig. 27 Batter out Stumped by the wicket keeper

You will fill out the ‘How Out’ section on a summary sheet as
st XXXX (where XXXX is the surname of the wicket keeper)
followed by the surname of the bowler under the ‘Bowler’ column
should this type of dismissal take place.

19
HIT WICKET
The batter steps onto his/her wickets or hits the wickets with
his/her bat, clothing, equipment or person, whilst preparing to
receive or in receiving a delivery.

The incoming batter will ALWAYS face the next delivery

unless the dismissal takes place at the end of the over.

Fig. 27 Batter out Hit wicket

(At the end of this chapter complete Class Exercise 4 as well as Home Exercise 3)

“What is this lure… that cricket exercises …

the passion for it is in our blood.
Small boys have it, youths have it,
grown men have it, old men have it;
and no amount of disappointment, no ducks, can change it.”
– EV Lucas

20
 CHAPTER 6
OTHER WICKETS

In this chapter we will see

• Which Wickets will not be credited to the bowler
• How these wickets are scored

In Chapter 5 we discussed which wickets the bowler will be credited with.

There are a number of other wickets that have nothing to do with a bowler, and he/she can therefore not
take any credit for these.
These wickets, apart from the Run Out, are all denoted by a PENCILLED ‘W’ on the worksheet.

W
The symbol for a Run Out is a PENCILLED ‘R/O’ on the worksheet.

R/O
There is another difference between these wickets and the wickets that the bowler is credited with: in
most of these, EITHER batter is liable to be given out. Therefore you can have an incident where the
striker faces the ball, and the non-striker is given out. Because of this possibility, the ‘W’ or ‘R/O’ in all of
these cases does not represent a ball faced. There is also the chance of runs being scored on some of
these dismissals, so the ‘W’ or ‘R/O’ has to be accompanied by a dot or runs, whatever the case may be.

Since none of these wickets are credited to the bowler, some of them are possible off a No ball and a Wide
ball. Apart from this, whenever these wickets fall, they are treated as normal wickets, and are done in the
same manner as all the other wickets.

The method of dismissal in some of these cases may not be clear

from the side of the field: always confirm with the Umpire.

RUN OUT
• One set of wickets is broken by the ball with the batter still out of his/her ground.
• Either batter can be dismissed.
• All runs completed before the dismissal shall be scored.
• Possible off a No ball and a Wide.

OBSTRUCTING THE FIELD

• Either batter can be given out, if he/she wilfully obstructs/distracts the fielding side by word or
action. In the event of the fielding side having a catch obstructed or being distracted when
attempting to complete a catch, the incoming batter will face the next delivery if the dismissal
took place during the over.
• The striker will be out if in the act of receiving the ball delivered by the bowler, he/she wilfully
strikes the ball with a hand not holding the bat
• All runs completed before the offence shall be scored, EXCEPT when a catch is prevented from
being taken.
• Possible off a No ball and a Wide.

HIT THE BALL TWICE

• If the Striker hits the ball a second time not trying to protect his/her wickets.
• Only the Striker can be given out.
• Only penalties for a no ball or other penalty runs awarded are to be scored.
• Possible off a No ball.

21
TIMED OUT
• The incoming batter will be given out Timed Out when he/she is not ready to take guard, or for
his/her partner to face the next delivery, within 3 minutes of the fall of the previous wicket.
• This will not count as a ball faced by the batter.

(At the end of this chapter complete Class Exercise 5)

22
 CHAPTER 7
THE RESULT

In this chapter we will see

• How a Result is calculated and recorded

This is the main purpose of any kind of sport – to get a result and see who the winner is. In simple terms: In
cricket, the team who scored the most runs wins the match.

If they are the team batting first, they will win by runs (the difference in the two scores)
If they are the team who bats last, they will win by the number of wickets remaining.
All results are to be recorded in the past tense.

If the winning runs are scored via a boundary, the whole boundary counts even if it exceeds the target
score. Should the batters complete the winning run(s) while the ball is on its way to the boundary, the ball
becomes dead, and should the ball cross the boundary thereafter, it will not count.
In this course, we only deal with results in Limited Overs matches, where each team is scheduled to bat the
same number of overs.
e.g.: Team A 200/6
Team B 188/4 Result: Team A won by 12 runs

Team C 200/3
Team D 203/6 Result: Team D won by 4 wickets

Team E 240/5
Team F 240/7 Result: Match tied

Calculate the following results:

1. Titans 167/2
Dragons 168/7 Result: ______________________________________

2. Gauteng 215/6
Boland 198 all out Result: ______________________________________

3. Free State 287/6

Limpopo 291/5 Result: ______________________________________

4. Easterns 244/3
KwaZulu-Natal 238/5 Result: ______________________________________

5. Western Province 189/4

Eastern Province 189/6 Result: ______________________________________

6. Northerns 227/2
Gauteng 233/5 Result: ______________________________________

7. Pakistan 318/8
New Zealand 319/9 Result: ______________________________________

8. South Africa 297/4

Zimbabwe 253 all out Result: ______________________________________

9. Australia 278 all out

Sri Lanka 280/6 Result: ______________________________________

23
Answers of Result Calculations:

1. Dragons won by 3 wickets

Dragons had 10 wickets available, of which they have lost 7.
This means that there are still 3 wickets standing, and this is the margin they won by, as
they were the team chasing the target.

2. Gauteng won by 17 runs

The difference between Gauteng’s score and that of Boland, is 17 runs in the favour of
Gauteng. This is the margin they won by.

3. Limpopo won by 5 wickets

Limpopo had 10 wickets available, of which they have lost 5.
This means that there are still 5 wickets standing, and this is the margin they won by, as
they were the team chasing the target.

4. Easterns won by 6 runs

The difference between Easterns’ score and that of KwaZulu-Natal, is 6 runs in the
favour of Easterns. This is the margin they won by.

5. Match tied
Both teams’ scores were equal, and since this result pertains to a Limited Overs match,
both teams have finished their innings.

The number of wickets lost, is not considered when the result is calculated.

6. Gauteng won by 5 wickets

Gauteng had 10 wickets available, of which they have lost 5.
This means that there are still 5 wickets standing, and this is the margin they won by, as
they were the team chasing the target.

7. New Zealand won by 1 wicket

New Zealand had 10 wickets available, of which they have lost 9.
This means that there is still 1 wicket standing, and this is the margin they won by, as
they were the team chasing the target.

8. South Africa won by 44 runs

The difference between South Africa’s score and that of Zimbabwe, is 44 runs in the
favour of South Africa. This is the margin they won by.

9. Sri Lanka won by 4 wickets

Sri Lanka had 10 wickets available, of which they have lost 6.
This means that there are still 4 wickets standing, and this is the margin they won by, as
they were the team chasing the target.

When the match started, but is then rained out the result is
recorded as:
No Result

In the event where no play takes place, the result will be recorded
as:
Match Abandoned

24
 CHAPTER 8
SHORT RUNS
OVERTHROWS
DEAD BALL
DISREGARD LAST SIGNAL

In this chapter we will see

• What the Umpire’s signals are for these incidents
• How they are scored

SHORT RUN

This happens when the batters do not ground their bats over the
popping crease when they turn for a next run.

Either Umpire will rule that the specific run does not count, and
will inform the scorer with the following signal:

One arm bent and touching the same shoulder

Fig. 28 Umpire signalling Short Run

Record the number of runs that count towards the score, (deduct the short run
-1
from the runs scored), and score it as follows: 3 (where three runs have been run
and one was short). Three runs have been run, however the batting side has the
number of short runs ran deducted.

The short runs are scored in pencil above the runs, scorers record the short runs
purely for reference purposes.
One or more runs can be run short, and the Umpire has to ensure the scorer has
scored the correct number of runs.

An alternative way in scoring this is as follows:

Record the number of runs that count towards the score, (deduct the short run
+1
from the runs scored),), and score it as follows: 2 (where three runs have been
run and one was short). Two runs were completed and will count to the batting side,
however the short runs are recorded in pencil.

The short runs are scored in pencil above the runs, scorers record the short runs
purely for reference purposes.
One or more runs can be run short, and the Umpire has to ensure the scorer has
scored the correct number of runs.

BOTH SCORING METHODS ARE ACCEPTABLE. FIND A METHOD THAT YOU

ARE COMFORTABLE WITH AND WORKS FOR YOU.

25
 OVERTHROWS
When there is a misfield, the batters may have the opportunity of running more runs than they originally
would have. There is no signal for this, and you just have to look closely at how many times they cross.

DEAD BALL
In various circumstances, the Umpire will decide that the ball
bowled, does not count or that the run scored, does not count.
The Umpire will inform the scorer with the following signal:

Crossing and re-crossing of wrists below the waist

If a ball has been delivered, it becomes a dot ball, and if a

ball has not been delivered, you wait for the next delivery.

Fig. 29 Umpire signalling Dead ball

DISREGARD LAST SIGNAL

When the Umpire has made the wrong signal, he/she can change that.
For instance, he/she has signalled a Boundary 4 and realises that
it was a Boundary 6. Or he/she has signalled leg byes and realises that
they were runs. He/she will signal to you as follows:

Crossing both arms in front of his/her chest

This may be followed by the correct signal, or in the case of Leg byes
being changed into Runs, you will get no further signal.

Fig. 30 Umpire signalling Disregard

Last Signal

To balance the runs on a worksheet or summary sheet:

• To balance the batters runs, you have to add all the extras:
Batter 1 + Batter 2 + Batter 3+…+ All Extras (Penalties, Byes, Leg Byes, No Ball Extras & Wide Extras) = Total

• To balance bowlers’ runs, you have to add only the Penalties, Byes & Leg byes:
Bowler 1 + Bowler 2 + Bowler 3 + Bowler 4 +… + Penalties + Byes + Leg byes = Total

26
 CHAPTER 9
CALCULATIONS

In this chapter we will see

• How to calculate Runs Per Over

This is calculated to indicate how economical a bowler was during his/her bowling spell(s).

Runs per over are calculated as follows (runs divided by overs):

Runs conceded by the bowler ÷ Overs bowled by the bowler.

This calculation is always rounded to 2 decimal places, even when it is a round number.
e.g.:
If a bowler’s analysis reads: 12-3-24-1
then his/her RpO will be 24÷12 = 2,00

If his/her analysis reads: 11-5-23-3

then his/her RpO will be 23÷11 = 2,090909 . 2,09

If his/her analysis reads: 13-2-33-2

then his/her RpO will be 33÷13 = 2,53846 . 2,54

If the bowler however bowled an incomplete over, then the calculation is made as follows:
• There are 6 balls in an over
• In the following example the bowler has completed 10 overs and has not completed the
next over:

• If the bowler bowls 1 ball, then he/she has bowled 1 of the 6 balls, ie 1 / 6
= 0,1667 of the over has been bowled.
Therefore, if his/her bowling analysis reads: 10.1-3-35-2
then his/her RpO will be 35÷10,16667 = 3,44

• If the bowler bowls 2 balls, then he/she has bowled 2 of the 6 balls, ie 2 / 6
= 0,3333 of the over has been bowled
Therefore, if his/her bowling analysis reads: 10.2-3-35-2
then his/her RpO will be 35÷10,33333 = 3,387 . 3,39

• If the bowler bowls 3 balls, then he/she has bowled half of the 6 balls, ie 3 / 6
= 0,50 of the over has been bowled
Therefore, if his/her bowling analysis reads: 10.3-2-35-2
then his/her RpO will be 35÷10,5 = 3,33

• If the bowler bowls 4 balls, then he/she has bowled 4 of the 6 balls, ie 4 / 6
= 0,6667 of the over has been bowled
Therefore, if his/her bowling analysis reads: 10.4-2-35-2
then his/her RpO will be 35÷10,66667 = 3,28

• If the bowler bowls 5 balls, then he/she has bowled 5 of the 6 balls, ie 5 ) 6
= 0,8333 of the over has been bowled
Therefore, if his/her bowling analysis reads: 10.5-2-35-2
then his/her RpO will be 35÷10,83333 = 3,

27
 CHAPTER 10
REVISION

BOUNDARY 4
END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W
4 4 1 1 4 1 1X4 1 4 4

BOUNDARY 6
END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W
6 6 1 1 6 1 1X6 1 6 6

BATTERS RUN 4 RUNS (BALL DOES NOT CROSS THE BOUNDARY)

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

r NOT A
4 4 1 4 4 4
BOUNDARY

BATTERS RUN 3 RUNS - UMPIRE THEN SIGNALS 1 SHORT RUN

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

-1
3 2 1 2 2 2
BATTERS RUN 1 RUN - UMPIRE SIGNALS BYE
END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W
B 0 1 0 B 1 1 1 1

BATTERS RUN 1 RUN - UMPIRE SIGNALS LEG BYE

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W
L 0 1 0 L 1 1 1 1

NO BALL - NO RUNS SCORED

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

0 1 1 1 1 NB 1 1 1 1

NO BALL - 1 RUN SCORED OFF THE BAT

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

1 1 1 2 1 1 NB 1 1 2 2

NO BALL - BATTERS RUN 1 - UMPIRE SIGNALS LEG BYE

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

L 0 1 1 1 1 NB L 1 1 2 2 2

NO BALL - BATTERS RUN 1 - UMPIRE SIGNALS BYE

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

B 0 1 1 1 1 NB L 1 1 2 2 2

29
WIDE BALL
END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

0 0 1 1 1 WB 1 1 1 1

WIDE BALL - BATTERS RUN 1 RUN

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

0 0 2 1 2 WB+1 2 2 2 2

WIDE BALL - BATTERS RUN 2 RUNS

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

0 0 3 1 3 WB+2 3 3 3 3

WIDE BALL - BATTERS RUN 3 RUNS

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

0 0 4 1 4 WB+3 4 4 4 4

WIDE BALL - BATTERS RUN 4 RUNS/BALL REACHES THE BOUNDARY

END EXTRAS END OF OVER TOTALS
TOTAL
START BOWLER
MINS
OF OVER BATTER RUNS BALLS 4 6 O M R W NB/NE WB/WE 4 6 NOTES 4/6 P B L NE WE T O R TOTAL W

0 0 5 1 5 WB+4 5 5 5 5

30
31