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Transformations2

The document discusses different types of geometric transformations including isometries like translations, reflections, and rotations that preserve shape and size, as well as similarities, enlargements, and properties of quadrilaterals. Examples are provided to demonstrate various transformations and to find values based on geometric properties.

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MURALEE A/L VEERAMALAI Moe
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12 views7 pages

Transformations2

The document discusses different types of geometric transformations including isometries like translations, reflections, and rotations that preserve shape and size, as well as similarities, enlargements, and properties of quadrilaterals. Examples are provided to demonstrate various transformations and to find values based on geometric properties.

Uploaded by

MURALEE A/L VEERAMALAI Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformations

By V. Murali

Isometry
- Transformation that maintains the shape and size of the object.
- The examples of isometry are translation, reflection and rotation or the
combination of two or three transformations.

Example 1
In the diagram below, figure P’ is the image of figure P under reflection. Therefore, this
transformation is an isometry.

P’

Congruence
- two figures are have the same shape, size and area.
- Two congruent figures can exactly overlap one another.
- Under any isometry, the object and its image are congruent.

Example 2
The diagram below shows two congruent figures. Figure B is the image of figure A. Find
the forms of isometry that map the object onto its image.

A
Solution
A’ → B is a
Axis of reflection

A’ B

A → A’ is a translation

Properties of Quadrilaterals
A quadrilateral is a 2-dimensional closed shape with four straight sides. E.g. The shape
ABCD shown here is a quadrilateral.

A line segment drawn from one vertex of a quadrilateral to the opposite vertex is called a
diagonal of the quadrilateral. AC is a diagonal of quadrilateral ABCD, as is BD.

1. Square
- All sides are equal in length.
- All interior angles are right angles (90 ).
A → A’ is a translation
- Opposite sides are parallel.
- All diagonals are equal, bisect each other and perpendicular of the other.
- Has 4 axes of reflection.

2. Rectangle
- Opposite sides are parallel and equal in length.
- All interior angles are right angles (90 ).
- All diagonals are equal and bisect each other.
- Has 2 axes of reflection.
x x
y
y

y y
x x

3. Rhombus

 All sides of a rhombus are equal in length


 Opposite sides are parallel.
 Opposite angles of a rhombus are equal.
 The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
Note: Rectangles, squares and rhombuses (or diamonds) are parallelograms

4. Parallelogram

 Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel and equal in length.


 Opposite angles are equal in size.

5. Kite

 Two pairs of adjacent sides of a kite are equal in length


 One pair of opposite angles (the ones that are between the sides of unequal length)
are equal in size.
 One diagonal bisects the other.
 Diagonals intersect at right angles.
Example 2

Find the value of x and y in the following diagram.

Solution:
x = 115 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal)
y = 65 (Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal)

Example 3

Find the value of the x and y in the following diagram.

Solution
Angle y and 110 are the angles of opposite and between two unequal sides of a kite.
Therefore, y = 110

So, x + y + 65 + 110 = 360 (The total of interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360 )


x + 110 + 65 + 110 = 360
x + 285 = 360
x = 75

Similarity
- Two shapes are similar if corresponding angles are the same and the
corresponding sides are proportional.

Example 3
∆ABC and ∆PQR are similar. Find the length of PQ.
A
P
12.5 cm
C 8.4 cm B R 3.36 cm Q
Solution
=

PQ = x 3.36 cm
= 5 cm
Therefore, the length of PQ is 5 cm.

Enlargement

A'

image B'

object B

O
C C'

Centre of enlargement
Properties
- The object and its image are similar.
- Has centre of enlargement and scale factor.
Scale factor = = = or

= = = or

=
- The image bigger than object if the scale factor > 1
- The image smaller than object if the scale factor < 1.
- If the scale factor = 1, the all the points on the plane remain in their
respective positions.

Test yourself

1. If A(3, -7) is mapped onto A’(-5, 11) under a translation, find the coordinates of the
image of B(-3, 15) under the same translation.
2. If P(-4, 7) is mapped onto P’(6, 7) under a reflection, find the coordinates of the
image of Q(-5, -4) under the same translation
3. The following diagram shows a polygon ABCD is rotated clockwise trough an
angle 180 about the point M. Construct the image of the polygon.
A

B
C

4. The following diagram shows a trapezium PQRS is rotated anticlockwise trough an


angle 90 about the point A. Construct the image of the trapezium.
5. If the triangle below reduced with a scale factor . Find the area of its image.

26 cm
10 cm

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