BIOMOLECULES

for SCIENCE Grade 10

Quarter 4/ Week 3

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 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit will serve as your guide in recognizing

biomolecules such as carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and
nucleic acids.
This will also serve as a guide to acquire knowledge
and new ideas on the importance of biomolecules to the
world.

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OBJECTIVES
At the end of this Self-Learning Kit, you are expected to:
K: Identify the elements present in biomolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
S: Examine the structure of the four major types of biomolecules
A: Recognize the importance of biomolecules in our daily lives

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Recognize the major categories of biomolecules such as
carbohydrates,lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. (S10MT-IVc-d22)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

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 Pre-Activity/Pre-Test
Answer the Pre-Activity/Pre-test model (KWHL Chart) below to
check your understanding about biomolecules. Only the KW part will
be answered for now. The HL part will be answered after studying this
Self-Learning Kit.
KWHL CHART
WHAT I KNOW
WHAT I WANT TO KNOW
HOW I LEARNED
WHAT I LEARNED

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

ACTIVITY 1

DIRECTIONS: Analyze the structure of biomolecules given below and

answer the guide questions. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. What are the elements present in each structure for carbohydrates,

proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid?
2. Are their structural formulas the same? Yes or no.

CARBOHYDRATES

MONOSACCHARIDES

H H

H H

H H
Glucose Fructose

Galactose

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DISACCHARIDES

Sucrose (glucose – fructose)

Lactose (galactose – glucose)

Maltose (glucose – glucose)

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 POLYSACCHARIDES (amylose starch)

PROTEINS

LIPIDS
NAME STRUCTURAL FORMULA
Lauric CH3(CH2)10 COOH
Myristic CH3(CH2)12 COOH
Palmitic CH3(CH2)14COOH
Stearic CH3(CH2)14COOH
Oleic CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
Linoleic CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)(CH2)6COOH
Linolenic CH3(CH2)(CH=CHCH2)3(CH2)6COOH
Arachidonic CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH

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NUCLEIC ACIDS

Source: shorturl.at/coyDM

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DIRECTIONS: Copy the following table in your notebook. Identify the
elements that make up the following biomolecules. Put a check
mark (√) if the element is present and an ex-mark (X) if it is not
present.
CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS

CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Study the table below and answer the guide questions in your notebook.
CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS LIPIDS
FUNCTIONS Energy source for -Speeds up Genetic -Long-term
the plant cell chemical blueprint energy
reactions storage
-Transport -Cell
molecules membrane
-Build and structure
repair cells
EXAMPLES -Glucose -Enzymes DNA or RNA -Fats
-Sucrose -Antibodies genetic material -Cell
-Cellulose -Hemoglobin membrane
(Plant cell) -Steroids
-Glycogen -Hormones
(Muscle cells of
animals)
-Sugar -Meat Cells must -Fats
FOODS -Fruits -Eggs construct -Oils
-Bread -Dairy from
-Pasta -Beans another
-Vegetables -Nuts molecule
ORGANELLE -Mitochondria Made by -In the nucleus Cell membrane
-Chloroplast ribosomes, (eukaryotes)
rough ER -Free floating
(prokaryotes)
MONOMER Sugar Amino acids Nucleotide Made up of
3 fatty acids
POLYMER Starch -Protein Nucleic and 1glycerol
-Polypeptide acid/DNA
chain

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 Guide Questions:
1. Which biomolecule does not provide energy for an organism?
2. What are the biomolecules that provides energy for an organism?
3. What biomolecule is the most abundant?
4. What is the most important biomolecule?

DISCUSSION
• Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of molecules. They are known
to be the chief energy source of all living organisms.
• Carbohydrates are all made up of elements carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
• Carbohydrates can be grouped into two: the micro molecule –
monosaccharide; and the macromolecules – disaccharide and
polysaccharide.
• Glucose is the most important monosaccharide in nature since it
provides the immediate source of energy of the body’s cells and tissues.
• Disaccharides contain two monosaccharide units joined together by a
covalent bond known as glycosidic linkage.
• Maltose and lactose are the other disaccharides. Maltose is also known as
malt sugar while lactose is known as milk sugar.
• Carbohydrates that contain 10 monosaccharide units are called
polysaccharides. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are the common
polysaccharides.
• Lipids are water insoluble molecules that are composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Fats and oils are triglycerides that are combinations of glycerol and three fatty
acids.
• Proteins are complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked
through a peptide bond.
• Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. The normal amino acid is
composed of a central carbon bonded to a hydrogen (H), a carboxyl
group (-COOH), d amino group (-NH2), and a side chain or R group.
• The building blocks of living organisms are the nucleic acids. They are
responsible in encoding, transmitting, and expressing genetic information.
• A nucleotide has three components: a phosphoric acid molecule
phosphate (PO4 ), a five-carbon sugar molecule, and a molecule of a
3-

nitrogen-containing base.
• There are two types of nucleic acids. These are the deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and the ribonucleic acid (RNA). They differ in sugar content. RNA
contains the sugar ribose while DNA contains a sugar known as
deoxyribose.
• The two purine bases are adenine (A) and guanine (G) while the three
pyrimidine bases are thymine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil (U).

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your
notebook.
1. Biomolecules are organic molecules being produced by living organisms.
Which group comprises the four main biomolecules?
a. carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid, amino acid
b. carbohydrate, protein, lipid, nucleic acid
c. protein, lipid, nucleic acid, triglyceride
d. protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleotide
2. Which of the following elements is not present in carbohydrates?
a. carbon b. hydrogen c. nitrogen d. oxygen
3. Disaccharides are double sugars. Which one is not a disaccharide?
a. maltose b. galactose c. sucrose d. lactose
4. Which is not true about lipids?
a. They are hydrophilic.
b. They are hydrophobic.
c. They can be dissolved away by solvents that are non-polar like ether and
benzene.
d. Glycerol and fatty acids are its building blocks.
5. Which of the following groups are all classified as polysaccharides?
a. sucrose, glucose, and fructose
b. maltose, lactose, and fructose
c. glycogen, sucrose, and maltose
d. glycogen, cellulose, and starch
6. The sugar in RNA is , the sugar in DNA is .
a. deoxyribose, ribose c. ribose, phosphate
b. ribose, deoxyribose d. ribose, uracil
7. Amino acids are the building blocks of which group of biomolecules?
a. proteins c. lipids
b. carbohydrates d. nucleic acid
8. A nucleotide structure always has three components: a five-carbon sugar
molecule, a nitrogen-containing base, and a molecule of .
a. sulfate (SO42-) c. carbonate (CO22-)
b. phosphate (PO 43-) d. nitrate (NO3-)
9. DNA and RNA are the two known nucleic acids. All of the following show
differences between the two nucleic acids, except .
a. DNA contains sugar deoxyribose; RNA contains sugar ribose.
b. DNA has a uracil (U) nitrogen base; RNA has a thymine (T) nitrogen base
c. DNA is a double helix; RNA is a single helix.
d. DNA is self-replicating; RNA is synthesized from DNA when needed.
10.Nutritional chemists have found that burning 1 gram of fat releases twice
the amount of heat energy as burning 1 gram of starch. Based on this
information, which type of biomolecule would cause a person to gain
more weight?
a. carbohydrate b. fat c. proteins d. nucleic

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REFERENCES
Acosta, Herma D., et. al. Science-Grade 10 Learner’s Material. 865 Nicanor
Reyes, Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Books Store, 2015.

Valdoz, Meliza P., et. al. Science Links: Worktext for Scientific and Technological
Literacy. 865 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Books Store,
2017.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
NILITA L. RAGAY EdD
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/CID Chief
ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
STEPHEN C. BALDADO
Writer
LEONREY L. VAILOCES
Illustrator/Lay-out Artist

ALPHA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
VERONICA A. RECTO
BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR.
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
CHRISTINE A. GARSOLA
LESTER C. PABALINAS

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SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR

This Self-Learning ANSWER KEY

I. Pre-Test/Pre-Activity
Kit focuses on the KWHL CHART

Learning Competency Answers may vary

Activity I
which is recognizing CARBOHYDRATES
1. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
the major categories 2. No
LIPIDS
of biomolecules. 1. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
2. No
NUCLEIC ACID
1. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
The students are nitrogen and phosphorus
2. No
expected to attain all
the objectives stated
CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS

CARBOHYDRATES √ √ √ X X
herein and acquire PROTEINS √ √ √ √ X
knowledge and X X
LIPIDS √ √ √
NUCLEIC ACID √ √ √ √ √
understanding of the Activity II
contributions of 1. Nucleic acid
2. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
biomolecules to the 3. Carbohydrates
4. Nucleic acid
world. 5. Answers may vary
III. Evaluation/Post Test
1. B 6. B
2. C 7. A
3. B 8. B
4. C 9. B
5. D 10. B

Secondary Education Major in General Science in

the Science Coordinator and is actively coaching in

Sports and Academic competitions.

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