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62 viewsLab Manual Data Science
Uploaded by
saisateeshwarCopyright
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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT
Working with Numpy arrays
2. | Working with Pandas data frames
3. | Basie plots using Matplotlib
4. | Frequency distributions
3._| Averages
6. | Variability
7._| Normal curves
8. | Correlation and scatter plots
9. | Correlation coefficient
10. [Regression CONTENTS
SI. No.
Name of the Experiment
Page Ni
Marks
(100)
staff
ignature
Working with Numpy arrays
2 Working with Pandas data frames
3 | Develop python program for Basic plots using Matplotlib
4 | Develop python program for Frequency distributions
5 _ | Develop python program for Variability
6 _ | Develop python program for Averages
7 | Develop python program for Normal Curves
Develop python program for Correlation and scatter plots|
8
9 Develop python program for Correlation coefficient
10
Develop python program for Simple Linear Regre: Ex no: 1 Working with Numpy arrays
AIM
Working with Numpy arrays
ALGORITHM
Stepl: Start
Step2: Import numpy module
Step3: Print the basic characterist
Step4: Stop
and operactions of array
PROGRAM
import numpy as np
# Creating array object
arr = np.array( [[ 1, 2,3],
(4,2, S]])
# Printing type of arr object
print(""Array is of type: ", type(arr))
# Printing array dimensions (axes)
print("No, of dimensions: ", arr.ndim)
# Printing shape of array
print("Shape of array: ", arr shape)
# Printing size (total number of elements) of array
print("Size of array: ", arr-size)
# Printing type of elements in array
print("Array stores elements of type: ", arr.dtype)
OUTPUT
Array is of type:
No. of dimensions: 2
Shape of array: (2,3)
Size of array: 6
Array stores elements of type: int32
Program to Perform Array Slicing
a= nparray({[1,2,3]{3,4,51.[4,5,61)
print(a)
print(""After slicing")
print(a{1:)) Output
(23)
345]
(456)]
After slicing
1345]
(456]]
Program to Perform Array Slicing
# array to begin with
import numpy as np
a= nparray(([1,2,3].(3,4,5].(4.5,6]))
print(Our array is:")
print(a)
# this returns array of items in the second column
print("The items in the second column are:' )
print(af...1))
print(‘n' )
## Now we will slice all items from the second row
print ("The items in the second row are:' )
print(af1,...)
print('\n' )
# Now we will slice all items from column | onwards
print('The items column 1 onwards are:' )
print(af.1:))
Output:
Our array is:
The items in the second column are:
(245)
The items in the second row are:
(345)
The items column | onwards are:
123]
145]
561]
Result:
‘Thus the working with Numpy arrays was successfully completed. Ex no: 2 Create a dataframe using a list of elements.
Aim:
‘To work with Pandas data frames
ALGORITHM
Stepl: Start
Step2: import numpy and pandas module
Step3: Create a dataframe using the dictionary
Step4: Print the output
Step5: Stop
PROGRAM
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
data = np.array({[[",'Col1','Col2'],
['Rowl',1,2],
[Row2'3,4]))
print(pd.DataFrame(data=data{|:,1:],
index = data[1:,0],
columns=data[0,1:]))
# Take a 2D array as input to your DataFrame
my_2darray = np.array({[1, 2, 3], (4, 5, 61).
print(pd.DataFrame(my_2darray))
#t Take a dictionary as input to your DataFrame
my_di {A(T 3], 2: [1 2], 3: [2447
print(pd.DataFrame(my_dict))
# Take a DataFrame as input to your DataFrame
my_df= pd.DataFrame(data~[4,5,6,7], index=range(04), columns=['A"))
print(pd.DataFrame(my_df))
# Take a Series as input to your DataFrame
my_series = pd.Series({"United Kingdom":"London", "India":"New Delhi", "United
States":" Washington", "Belgium":"Brussels"})
print(pd.DataFrame(my_series))
df= pd.DataFrame(np.array(([1, 2, 3], [4. 5. 6]]))
# Use the "shape" property
print(df.shape) # Or use the “Ien()° function with the ‘index’ property
print(len(df.index))
Output:
Coll Col2
Rowl 1 2
Row2 3 4
012
1
more
bok
wre
aan
0
United Kingdom — London
India New Delhi
United States Washington
Belgium Brussels,
2,3)
Result:
‘Thus the working with Pandas data frames wa:
iccessfully completed, Ex. No.
Basic plots using Matplotlib
Aim:
‘To draw basic plots in Python program using Matplotlib
ALGORITHM
Step]: Start
Step2: import Matplotlib module
Step3: Create a Basic plots using Matplotlib
Step4: Print the output
Step5: Stop
Program:3a
# importing the required module
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# x axis values
x= [12,3]
# corresponding y axis values
y=[2,4,1]
# plotting the points
plt.plot(x, y)
i naming the x axis
plt.xlabel('x - axis’)
# naming the y axis
pltylabel('y - axis’)
# giving a title to my graph
pletitle(My first graph!")
# function to show the plot
pltshow() Output:
My first graph!
aof
100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300
Program:3b
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
a=[1,2,3,4,5]
b=[0, 0.6, 0.2, 15, 10, 8, 16, 21]
pltplot(a)
o is for circles and ris
# for red
pltplot(b, "or")
pltplot(list(range(0, 22, 3)))
‘# naming the x-axis
plt.xlabel(’Day ->')
# naming the y-axi
pltylabel(’Temp ->")
= [4, 2, 6,8, 3, 20, 13, 15]
pltplot(c, label = ‘4th Rep’)
if get current axes command
ax = plt.gea()
zet command over the individual
# boundary line of the graph body
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax.spinesf'top'].set_visible(False) # set the range or the bounds of
# the left boundary line to fixed range
ax.spinesf'left'] set_bounds(-3, 40)
#f set the interval by which
if the x-axis set the marks
plt.xticks(list(range(-3, 10)))
if set the intervals by which y-axis
# set the marks
plt yticks(list(range(-3, 20, 3)))
#f legend denotes that what color
# signifies what
ax.legend({"Ist Rep’, '2nd Rep’,
1rd Rep’, '4th Rep’)
# annotate command helps to write
# ON THE GRAPH any text xy denotes
# the position on the graph
plt.annotate(’Temperature V /'s Days’, xy = (1.01, -2.15))
# gives a title to the Graph
plttitle( All Features Discussed’)
plt.show()
Output:
imps
Program:4e
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
a=[1,2,3,4,5]
b=[0, 0.6, 0.2, 15, 10, 8, 16, 21]
c=[4, 2, 6, 8, 3, 20, 13, 15] # use fig whenever u want the
# output in a new window also
#f specify the window size you
# want ans to be displayed
fig = plt.figure(figsize =(10, 10)
# creating multiple plots in a
# single plot
subl =plisubplot(2, 2, 1)
sub2 = plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
sub3 = plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
sub4 = plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
sub] plot(a,'sb’)
if sets how the display subplot
## x axis values advances by 1
# within the specified range
subl.set_xticks(list(range(0, 10, 1)))
subl set_title('Ist Rep’)
sub2.plot(b, ‘or’)
# sets how the display subplot x axis
# values advances by 2 within the
# specified range
sub2.set_xticks(list(range(0, 10, 2)))
sub2.set_title(‘2nd Rep’)
# can directly pass a list in the plot
# function instead adding the reference
sub3.plot(list(range(0, 22, 3)),'ve")
sub3.set_xticks(list(range(0, 10, 1)))
sub3.set_title("3rd Rep’)
sub4.plot(e, Dm’)
# similarly we can set the ticks for
if the y-axis range(start(inclusive),
# end(exclusive), step)
sub4.set_yticks(list(range(0, 24, 2)))
sub4.set_title('4th Rep’)
# without writing pit show() no plot
# will be visible
pltshow()
Output: 0
Result:
‘Thus the basic plots using Matplotlib in Python program was succe:
fully completed.
Ist Rep 2nd Rep
id Rep 2 ath Rep
0 .
a .
, .
° Ex. No. Frequency distributions
Aim:
‘To Count the frequency of occurrence of a word in a body of text is often needed during text
processing.
ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the Program
Step 2: Create text file blake-poems.txt
Step 3: Import the word_tokenize function and gutenberg
Step 4: Write the code to count the frequency of occurrence of a word in a body of text
Step 5: Print the result
Step 6: Stop the process
Program:
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.corpus import gutenberg
sample = gutenberg.raw("blake-poems.txt")
token = word_tokenize(sample)
wlist = []
for i in range(50):
wlist.append(token{i])
wordfreq = [wlist.count(w) for w in wlist]
print("Pairsin" + str(zip(token, wordsreq)))
Output:
[C, D, Poems’, 1), (by', 1), (William, 1), (Blake', 1), (1789 1), (I, J, (SONGS', 2), (OF, 3),
(INNOCENCE, 2), (AND', 1), (OF, 3), (EXPERIENCE, 1), (and’, 1), 1), (BOOK', 1), (of, 2),
(THEL’, 1), (SONGS’, 2), (OF', 3), INNOCENCE’ 2), (INTRODUCTION, 1), (Piping’, 2), (down’, 1),
(the', 1), (valleys', 1), (wild’, 1), (°, 3), Piping’, 2), (songs’, 1), (of, 2), (pleasant’, 1), (glee’, 1), (', 3),
(On’, 1), (a, 2), (cloud, 1), (T', 1), (saw', 1), (a, 2), (child’, 1), (', 3), (And’, 1), (he’, 1), (aughing’, 1),
(said, 1), (o', 1), (me, 1), C1), DI
Result:
‘Thus the count the frequeney of occurrence of a word in a body of text is often needed during
text processing and Conditional Frequency Distribution program using python was suecessfully
completed, Averages
To compute weig!
ted averages in Python ei
her defining your own functions or using
ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the Program
Step 2: Create the employees_salary table and save as .csv file
Step 3: Import pa
-kages (pandas and numpy) and the employees,
alary table itself:
Step 4: Calculate weighted sum and average using Numpy Average() Function
Step 5 : Stop the process
Program:6¢
#Method Using Numpy Average() Function
weighted_avg_m3 = round(average( dfl'salary_p_year'], weights = df['employees_number'}),2)
weighted_avg_m3
Output:
44225.
5
Result:
Thus the compute weighted averages in Python either defining your own functions or using
Numpy was successfully completed To write a python program to calculate the variance.
ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the Program
Step 2: Import statistics module from statistics import variance
Step 3: Import fractions as parameter values from fractions import Fraction as fr
Step 4: Create tuple of a set of positive and negative numbers
Step 5: Print the variance of each samples
Step 6: Stop the process
Program:
# Python code to demonstrate variance()
# function on varying range of data-types
# importing statisties module
from statistics import variance
# importing fractions as parameter values
from fractions import Fraction as fr
# tuple of a set of positive integers
# numbers are spread apart but not very much
samplel = (1, 2, 5, 4, 8, 9, 12)
# tuple of a set of negative integers
sample? = (-2, «4, «3, «1, -5, -6)
# tuple of a set of positive and negative numbers
# data-points are spread apart considerably
sample3 = (-9, «1, -0, 2, 1, 3, 4, 19)
# tuple of a set of fractional numbers
sampled = (fr(1, 2), fr(2, 3), fr(3, 4),
fir(5, 6), fr(7, 8)
# tuple of a set of floating point values
samples = (1.23, 1.45, 2.1, 2.2, 1.9) # Print the variance of each samples
print("Variance of Samplel is % s " %(variance(sample1)))
print("'Variance of Sample2 is % s " %(variance(sample2)))
print("Variance of Sample3 is % s " %(variance(sample3)))
print("Variance of Sampled is % s " %(variance(sample4)))
print("Variance of Samples is % s " %(variance(sample5)))
Output :
Variance of Sample 1 is 15.80952380952381
Variance of Sample 2 is 3.5
Variance of Sample 3 is 61.125
Variance of Sample 4 is 1/45
Variance of Sample 5 is 0.17613000000000006
Result:
‘Thus the computation for variance was successfully completed Ex. No.:7 Normal Curve
Aim:
To create a normal curve using python program.
ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the Program
Step 2: Import packages scipy and call function seipy.stats
Step 3: Import packages numpy, matplotlib and seaborn
Step 4: Create the distribution
Step 5: Visualizing the distribution
Step 6: Stop the process
Program:
# import required libraries
from seipy.stats import norm
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sb
# Creating the distribution
data = np.arange(1,10,0.01)
pdf=norm.pdf(data , loc = 5.3 , seale= 1)
+#Visualizing the distribution
sb.set_style(whitegrid’)
sb.lineplot(data, pdf , color = "black’)
plt.xlabel(Heights’)
pit ylabel( Probability Density’) Outi
Result:
‘Thus the normal curve using python program was successfully completed. Correlation and scatter plots
Aim:
To write a python program for correlation with scatter plot
ALGORITHM
Step 1: Start the Program
Step 2: Create variable y1, y2
Step 3: Create variable x, y3 using random function
Step 4: plot the scatter plot
Step 5: Print the result
Step 6: Stop the process
Progra
# Scatterplot and Correlations
# Data
x-pp random randn(100)
yIEx*54+9
y: ox
y3-no_random.randn(100)
#Plot
plt.reParams update('figure figsize’ (10,8), ‘figure dpi':100})
pit scatter(x, yl, label=fyl, Correlation = {np.round(np.corrcoef(x,y1)[0,1], 2)})
atter(x, y2, label=fy2 Correlation = (np.tound(np.correoef(x,y2)[0,1], 2)})
fabel=fy3 Correlation = (np.round(np.corrcoef(x,y3){0,1], 2)})
plt titlef('Scatterplot and Correlations’)
plt(legend)
plt(show) Output
Seaterplot and Corelations
x -
.
Result:
‘Thus the Correlation and scatter plots using python program was successfully completed. Correlation coefficient
To write a python program to compute correlation coefficient.
ALGORITHM,
Step 1: Start the Program
Step 2: Import math package
Step 3: Define correlation coefficient function
Step 4: Calculate correlation using formula
Step 5:Print the result
Step 6 : Stop the process
Program:
# Python Program to find correlation coefficient,
import math.
# function that returns correlation coefficient.
def correlationCoefficient(X, Y, n)
sum_X =0
sum_Y=0
sum_XY=0
squareSum_X =0
squareSum_Y =0
i=0
while i
