lOMoARcPSD|32021959

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Education (Bohol Island State University)

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

L
ess
on1 Pe
dagogi
cal
Con
tent
Knowl
edgea
ndI
t
sApp
li
cat
i
ona
cro
sst
heCur
ri
cul
um
Thi
sles
sonwil
lgui
deyo
uinun
der
st
andi
ngcont
entk
nowl
edge
,pe
dag
ogi
cal
knowl
edg
e,cur
ri
cul
ar
k
nowl
edge.
Itwi
ll
hel
py o
uanal
yzet
hei
mpo
rta
nceofc
onte
ntkno
wle
dgean
dit
sap
pli
cat
i
ont
oteac
hin
ga n
d
l
ear
ni
ng.
Theo b
jec
ti
vesoft
hi
sl
esso
nar
eth
efol
lo
win
g:

1
.di
ff e
ren
ti
at
econt
entk
nowledg
efromped
agogi
calk
n o
wled
geandcu
rr
ic
ula
rkn
owl
edg
e;
2
.ob
serv
ehowte
acher
sal
ignthecon
tent
oft
hel
essontothec
urr
i
cul
um;an
d
3
.an
aly
zeth
ebenefitsofpe
dagogi
calc
ont
ent
knowle
d ge

Ed
uca
ti
onT
heor
y

Thi
sma st
er
yo fcont
entandcompr
ehensi
vepedagogi
calcont
entknowledge(PCK)o ft
he
s
ubj
ectar
eaisoneoft
hecompet
enci
ese
xpec
tedinatea
cheredu
cati
ongr
aduat
e(CHED2 01
7).Shu
lman
i
nt
ro
ducedPCKin1986anddefinedth
reecat
egor
ie
so f
teac
her'
sknowl
edg
ethatar
ee s
sent
ia
lint
eac
hin
g
a
ndlea
rni
ng.Th
esearet
hefol
l
owin
g:

 ContentKnowledge-t heknowl
edgeofthesubj
ectmatt
eroracademi
cc o
ursetob
etaughto
r
ex
p e
ctedtobelearn
edb yst
udent
s,whi
chrequi
r
esunders
tan
dingoff
acts
,conc
epts
,or
pri
nci
pl
es.
 Pedagogica
lKn owledge-theknowl
edgeofteac
hing
,whic
hinclu
desme t
hodsandst
ra
teg
iesof
f
ormul
a t
i
ngthesu bj
ectmat
tert
oma k
eitmorecompr
ehensi
bl
etothele
arner
s.
 Curr
icula
rKno wledge-thek no
wledg
eo fth
ec ur
ri
cul
um,whichisrep
res
entedbyf
ul
lrangeof
pr
ogramsd e
sig
ne dfo
rteach
ingapart
i
cula
rsubj
ect
/cour
seatagiv
enleve
l.

PCKist
hebl
endi
ngofc
o n
ten
tkno
wle
dgeandpedago
gic
alknowl
edgetha
tisuni
queamon
gteac
hers
.
I
ti
sthet
ypeofk
nowl
edgei
nwh i
chthet
eac
herr
elat
eshi
so rherpeda
gogi
calkn
owledg
etothec
onte
nt
k
nowl
edg
etomaket
hele
ssonmorer
el
eva
ntandco
mp r
ehens
ibl
etole
arner
s.
Whil
eiti
simport
antfo
rteac
herst
oh av
ema s
ter
yofc
ont
ent an
dp ed
agogi
cals
kil
l
s,i
tisal
soe s
sent
i
al
t
ohav
ec u
rri
cul
arknowl
edgetodeli
vert
hecont
enteffe
cti
vel
y.Choppi
n(200
9)emphasi
zedt
ha tt
henot
io
n
o
fcu
rri
cul
ar-
cont
extk
n o
wledg
eh asth
ep ot
ent
i
alt
ob eat
ool
toexplo
rehowteac
hersdev
elopa
n dconn
ect
c
ont
entk
nowledge
,pedagogi
cal
content
knowl
edge,
andc
urr
i
cul
a rkno
wledg
einpra
cti
ce.
Asat
eac
her
,yo
ush
oul
dfa
mil
i
ari
zey
our
sel
fwi
t
hDe
pEd
'sKt
o12Ba
sicEd
uca
ti
onCu
rr
ic
ulu
m.

Obs
erv
ati
on

A.Wri
t
ed ownthei
nf
or
mat
i
ona
ske
dan
dan
swe
rth
esu
cce
edi
ngq
ues
ti
onsb
ase
dony
ourc
las
s
ob
serv
ati
on.

Na
meo
fTe
ache
r: F
lor
end
aB.
Car
di
noz
a

Dat
eandTimeof Sep
tember1
,202
1
Obser
vat
i
on: 8:
00a.m.
–9 :
00a.
m.

Ed
uca
ti
ona
lBa
ckg
rou
nd: Ba
che
loro
fEl
eme
nta
ryEd
uca
ti
on

0 0
Ass
igne
dGr
adea
nd Gr
ade3
,Se
cti
onA
Se
cti
on:
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

As
sig
nedSu
bje
ct/
s: F
il
ip
ino

2 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

0 0

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

Re
levantTr
ai
ni
ngs
At
ten
de d:

1
.Arethet
eacher
'sba
ckgro
undandqua
li
ficat
io
nsal
ign
edwithth
esubj
ect
/sheorshei
s
a
ssi
gnedtote
ach?
Ye
s!Si
nceMrs.
Flo
risag
rad
uat
eofad
egr
ee–Bach
elo
rofEl
eme
n t
ar
yEduca
ti
on.

2
.Doe
sheo
rsheuset
heKto12cur
ri
cul
umgui
dei
np r
epa
ri
ngale
ssonpl
an?
Ye
s,e
xac
tl
y!Mr
s.F
loru
sedt
heKto1
2cur
ri
cul
umgui
dei
npr
epar
i
ngherl
ess
on.

3
.Doesheors hecon
side
rthele
arner
'spri
ork
nowledgei
ndesi
gni
ngaless
onp l
an?
Ye
s ,Shedi
dalotofcons
ide
rat
i
on.Li
keaski
ngth
elear
ner
sift
heyal
re
adyexpe
ri
enc
ed
t
hat
thi
ngorif
the
yknowhowtouseacert
ai
nword
sinasent
enc
e.

4
. Doesheorsheusev a
ri
edteachi
ngstr
ategi
estodel
iv
ert
hesubj
ectmat
ter
?
Yes
,indee
d!Sh euseddifferen
ti
atedact
i
vi
ti
eswi
thdi
ff e
rents
tr
at
egi
es.Shehadp
ict
ur
e
a
nal
ysi
sact
ivi
t
y,pro
videte
rmin
olog
iesandletth
emma k
eas e
nte
nce,c
rea
tegro
upa c
ti
vi
t
yand
i
ndi
vi
dua
lor
alre
cit
at
ionabout
pri
orunde
rst
andin
gint
hele
sso
n.

5
.Doesh eorsheconductrese
archinpl
anningforhi
sorherl
essons?
Ithi
nkso,t
h o
ughitwa snotmenti
onedinthevi
deo
.Bu tasateac
her
,weneedtodo
f
ur
th
e rr
esear
chwit
hr e
g a
rdstothetopi
cwea reaboutt
oteac
h–t ohavewid
eunder
st
andi
ng
a
boutth
elesso
n.Si
n c
eMr s.Fl
orunde
rst
andswellhe
rdis
cus
sio
nsa ndhe
lpe
dthel
ear
ner
slea
rn
a
tease,It
hi
nkshed
of ur
therr
esear
ch.

B.Check()
✔ t
heb
oxt
hat
cor
re
spo
ndst
oyo
urc
las
sob
ser
vat
i
on.
Wri
t
eyo
urr
ema
rksi
nth
eri
ght
mos
t
co
lumn.

I
ndi
cat
ors Obs
erv
ed Not Re
mar
ks
Ob
s e
rve
d

Ac
tual
l
y,t
eache
rFl
ordi
dnote
ven
pr
esen
tednorv
erb
all
yst
at
ehero
bje
cti
ves
1
.Expl
ai
nst
hes
ubj
ect i
nthel
esso
n.
ma
tt
er

a
.Cl
ear
l
y ✔

b
.Ac
cur
at
el
y

c
.Co
mpr
ehe
nsi
vel
y

Asshesta
rte
ds heas
ke dherst
udentsi
f
t
heyst
il
lremembert
heirpastl
esson
s .
2
.Re l
at
e st
hesubj
ect The
nh erst
udent
srepl
ied“Yes
.”Shen o
w
mat
terwit
hpr
evi
ous 0 0 pr
esent
edp i
ct
urest
hatwasrel
atedtothe
ir
l
ess
on st
hatha
ve pas
tles
sonandletherstu
dent
sidenti
fy
✔
be
enta u
ghto
rfut
ur
e t
hethi
ngsthey’
vedonetoget
herwit
hthei
r
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 l
ess
onst
obet
aug
ht lOMoARcPSD|32021959

f
ami
l
y.

3 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

Wil
l
,inheract
i
vit
i
esa n
dwa yofdel
i
ver
in
g
t
helesso
nitwassui
tedi
nthetheor
yof
3
.Presen
tsf
a c
ts, Jo
hnDe weywhic
hwa s“Le
arni
ngby
t
heo
ri
es,and do
ing.
”Shedidnotj
ustpr
esent
edthe
c
oncep
tstosuppo
rt l
esso
nb utsh
eletherst
udent
sappl
ythei
r
✔
t
heval
i
dit
yofcont
ent l
ear
ningi
nd i
ff er
entwaysli
ke,
aski
ngthe
m
qu
esti
onsaboutt
hei
robser
vati
onsi
nthe
po
emp rese
ntedandhaveadiff e
rent
i
ate
d
gr
oupacti
vi
ti
es.

Shereal
l
yma ni
festtounde
rst
a n
d
st
udent
slear
nin
gb ackgr
ound.Sheaske
d
4
.Ma ni
f
est t
heq ue
sti
onsfi rstbef
or
ecall
ingsomeon
e
u
nders
tand
ingoft
he andle
tt
ingt
hemr ai
sethei
rhandsto
l
ear
ner
’sbackg
rou
nd answer
.Sherel
atesherques
ti
onstothe
✔
i
nre
lat
iont
othe ex
p er
i
encesoft
h ele
a r
ner
stolett
hem
s
ubj
ectmatt
er f
ormula
tethe
irownu nde
rst
andin
g.

Asshepre
sente
dtheles
s o
n,shere
all
y
manage
da ndut
il
iz
edherstr
at
egie
s.She
makesur
ethatherac
ti
vi
ti
esandquest
i
ons
su
itt
otheki
ndo f
stud
entsaswell
as
5
.Uti
li
zesappr
opr
ia
te
✔ app
ropr
iat
efort
hesubj
ectmatt
er
p
edagogi
cal
pr
esent
ed.
s
tr
at
egiesi
nthe
d
eli
ver
yo f
the
s
ubj
ect

Yes
,sheint
egrat
estech
nol
ogytool
swhil
e
pr
esent
ingherl
essonandot
heract
iv
it
ie
s.
6
.Int
egr
ates ✔ Sheusedla
ptopandp r
oj
ect
or–tohel
p
a
pprop
ri
ate l
earn
ersfr
omt h
eb a
c kt
oseetheword
s
t
ech
nolo
gytool
s cl
ear
ly
.
s
peci
fi ctot
he
s
ubj
ectmatt
ert
obe
t
augh
t

T
eacherFl
orpres
e nt
edtheless
o nina
s
pir
alpr
ogress
ion
. Asthele
ssong oes,t
he
7
.Promot
esinqui
r
y- ✔ q
uest
ionsandact
ivit
i
esa r
ege t
t
ingh ar
der
b
asedl
ear
ningto a
ndh ar
derunt
il
student
sp r
esentedthei
r
d
evel
ophi
gherord
er 0 0 i
dea
swithoutan
yh el
pc omi
ngfromt he
t
hi
nki
ngski
l
lsand/
or t
eac
he r
.Theywerechal
lengedinevery
2
1stce
ntu
ryski
ll
s a
cti
vi
typre
sente
db ytheteac
h e
r.An dat
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 t
heendth
eywereabl
etoman
a g
eg r
oup
lOMoARcPSD|32021959

a
cti
vi
t
iesandp
rese
nti
tinawayte
acher

4 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

F
lor
wan
ted
.

Y
es!Thetea
cheruse
da nappr
opr
ia
te
l
angua
gewh i
chwas“Fi
l
ipi
no.
”Thi
swas
8
.Usesappro
p r
i
ate ✔ a
ctual
l
yrel
at
eda n
dthesameasthe
l
ang
uagestomake s
ubje
ctmatt
erpr
esent
ed.I
tsui
t
edtothe
s
ubj
ectmatt
er k
indofst
udent
saswell
asthesub
jec
t.
d
eli
ver
ymo r
e
c
omprehe
nsibl
e

Shejust
prese
n t
edthel
essoni
na
PowerPoi
ntpr
esent
ati
onaswel
lassome
9
.Shows k
il
l
sinthe ✔ ac
tivi
t
ies
.Butsti
l
lsheshowedgen
uin
e
u
seofi
nfor
mati
on sk
il
lsi
nu si
ngICTtofac
il
i
tat
ete
achi
ngan
d
a
ndcommu ni
cat
io
n l
earni
ng.
t
ech
nolo
gie
s(ICT)t
o
f
aci
l
it
at
eteach
ing
a
ndlear
ni
ng

1
0.Useeff e
cti
ve I
nherdis
cussi
onsandquest
i
ona n
d
ve
rbala
ndnon- a
nswerport
io
n,shehadamo dul
at
ed
ve
rbalf
or
mso f v
oic
ea ndrep
eatth
eq ue
sti
onst
wicein
co
mmu ni
cat
io
n o
rderf
orthel
earne
rstocat
chupthe
st
rat
egi
est
o ✔ l
ess
o n
.Shea l
sot
aptheshoul
derofher
pr
omote s
tud
e nt
stoshowsuppor
tandasas i
ngof
meani
ngf
ul a
ppreci
at
ionmaybe.
l
ear
ning

Ot
herc
omme
nts
:
I do
n’tk
nowifsherea
ll
yfo
rgothe
rless
o nobj
ect
i
ves,buti
ntea
chi
ngi ti
sth
ema i
ntoo
ltha
tdr
ive
s
y
ourdi
scussi
on.I
tserv
esa sakeytoachi
eveyourgoal
sinteachi
ngcer
ta
inl e
sso
n.Ihopei
twil
lno
tbe
f
org
ott
en.Butal
li
nallIl
ovethewayshedi
scussandpre
sentsherl
ess
on.Itwasappr
opr
i
ateandsui
t
abl
e
f
ort
hekindofst
ude
ntsandIthi
nkhers
tud
ent
slovedhersomu c
h.

Pr
oce
ssi
ng

A. Ba
s e
do nwh a
tyouhaveobserv
edincl
ass,e
xpl
aint
heimport
anceoft
hedifferentkin
dsof
knowl
edge.
1.Con tentKnowledge
Co nt
entKnowledgeisthema s
ter
yo fthesubjec
tma t
te
ro rhow wi
d e t hetea
cher
unders
tandst
helessonpre
sent
ed.I
ti
se ss
ent
ialt
hatweknowwhatourl
essonis.Beca
usewe
cannotjus
tma k
eo radds o
methi
ngtothetopi
cwit
h o
utknowi
ngifi
tisrel
evant.Ever
yt
hin
g
0 0
mu s
tb eaboutf
acts
,b e
causel
earne
rswil
lbri
ngtha
tlear
nin
gu nt
i
lth
er es
to fth
e i
rl
if
e.Al
so,
ever
ythi
ngmu st
bed i
scuss
edwe l
l
,sotha
tlea
rner
swill
havefan
tas
ti
clear
ni
ng. Wea r
enotj
ust
ateacherdea
li
ngwithvar
iousl
ear
nersweareali
fechange
r.The
ref
or
ewen ee dtodel
iv
erth
e
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

l
ess
onasa
ccur
at
ea st
hecu
rr
ic
ulu
man
dth
ati
swh
yte
ach
erF
lord
isc
uss
edt
hel
ess
oni
nan
e
asyan
dappr
opr
i
ateway
.

5 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

2
.Pedagogica
lKnowledge
Un d
erst
and
ingk n
owledg
ea boutTeach
ingPedagogyisqui
teessent
ial
.Itwil
lhel
pthe
t
eac
herma n
aged i
ff er
entki
ndofstude
ntsaswel
l a
sma nag
ingvari
ouspresent
at
io
nsoftas
ks
o
ract
ivi
t
ies
.Int
eachin
g,wen e
edtou s
ed i
ff er
ents
tr
ategi
esandte
chni
qu e
s,becaus
ether
eare
v
ari
ousst
udent
swithdi
ff er
entcapabi
l
it
i
esinle
arn
ingi
nthecl
ass.Ther
ewe rest
udent
swhoare
b
odi
lykin
est
het
ic,goodinvi
sual
iz
ati
ons,l
ovedmu s
ica ndmanymo re
.T here
for
e,wed o
n’t
n
eedtorel
yono nest
rat
egyins
teadwen eedt
ou s
ev ar
i
ousanda pp
ropr
iat
es t
rat
egi
es/
st
yl
es
i
nte
achi
ngtomakelearn
erhaveawesomelear
ni
ng.AndIsawit
o nt
eacherFl
or’
sdisc
ussi
on.

3
.Curric
ularKnowledge
Cur
ri
cul
u mistheo u
tl
in
eo fth
ec onc
epttobetau
ghttost
udent
stohel
pthemme ett
he
co
ntent
standar
dsgiv
e nbyaninst
i
tut
i
on.I
tist
hespeci
fi c
ati
onofwhat
teac
heraret
oteac
ha n
d
ho
ws t
udentsar
etolearni
nas chool
i
ngproce
ss.Weasteac
herweneedtoknoworbeawar
e
t
hatth
ispart
icu
larknowl
edgeisconst
antl
ychang
ing
.Astheyearpr
ogres
sc u
rri
cul
ummight
ch
ange.Ma ybethep l
ansa n
dc ont
entareme r
gewithoth
ersandma ybeprodu
cesnew
su
bjec
tstob et
aught.Ther
efo
re,wen e
edtob eupd
atedonwhatcur
ri
cul
umwea r
einl
ined
wi
th.

B.Whatdoy out hi
nkwe rethestr
ategi
esusedbytheteachertoenri
chhisorhermaste
ryof
t
hes ubj
ectma t
te
r?
Wil
l,toenri
chteacherst
rat
egi
esorma s
ter
yo ft
hesubjectmat
ter
,t
h e
yneedtodofur
th
er
r
esearc
h,co mp r
ehend,under
stan
d,ande x
aminetheconte
n t
,andlookforapp
ropr
ia
teact
i
vi
ti
es
/
ta
sksa n
dt heori
estobeusedinteach
ing.
Theteac
hermu st
learn
e dh
owtob al
anc
etheobj
ect
i
ves
t
othecontent,cont
e n
t t
oevalu
ati
on,andeva
lua
ti
ontoobjec
ti
ves.Ever
yt
hingmustbei
nli
ned,l
i
ke
t
hetwoh e
a deda r
ro
wi nte
aching
.

C.Whatdoyouthin
kwe rethestr
ategi
esusedb ytheteachertoenri
chhisorherknowledge?
Wecannotde
nythefactt
hati
ne ver
yp ar
tofourl
ifewea r
ealway
slear
ningandwen ever
s
toplea
rni
ng.Toenri
chthi
sknowl
ed gen
ev e
rletyoursel
ftotaketh
ingsf
orgrant
ed.Al
waysr e
ad
bo
oks,l
ist
entonewsa b
outimpor
tanceofteac
hingorotherme an
s,don’
tfor
gettheth
ing
sy ou’
d
l
ear
nedfromschoolandofc o
ursed os
o meresearch
.Th ere
’snoth
ingwrongifyouree
xa mi
ne
t
hi
ngsthatwi
l
lhel
pyouh a
veb r
oadu n
der
standi
ng.Al
soa s
kt ot
hee x
pert
s,l
ik
ethepri
nci
pal
.

D.Whatdoy outhi
nkwerethest
rat
egie
su sedbyt
heteache
rtoaugmenthi
sorhercurri
cul
ar
knowle
dge ?
Toexpan
dteache
rsunde
rst
andi
nginacur
ri
cul
umtheynee
dtobeupdat
edontheconcept
adopt
byac er
tai
nin
sti
t
uti
on.T
heyneedtofol
l
owwhat
’si
nthecur
ri
cul
umandfi nd
swa ysonhowto
t
eachs t
udent
sinas i
mpleandcreat
i
vewa y.The
yn eedtoiden
ti
fyres
our
cesandd evel
op
exp
eri
encestomeetaspeci
fi cobj
ect
ive
s,andofcou
rset
eache
rneedstoha
veawe lldev
elo
ped
metho
ds,sty
leso
fteac
hin
g,pl
ansandproc
essofs
tud
entsl
ear
ni
ngtobemo r
epr
oduct
i
ve.

Re
fle
cti
on 0 0
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mpl
et
eth
efo
ll
owi
ng:

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 1
.Ireal
i
zedthatco
nten
tknowl
edg
e,peda
gog
ica
lkno
wle
dge,a
ndc u
rr
ic
ulumkn
owl
edgewa
lOMoARcPSD|32021959
s
i
nt
er
conn
ect
ed.The
ymu s
tgotoge
the
randr
ela
tewi
theac
hothe
rtohaveeffec
ti
vet
eac
hin
g

6 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

0 0

Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

t
ech
niq
ues/s
tr
at
egie
sa n
da swel
lastohaves t
uden
tsult
i
ma t
elear
ni
ngexp
eri
enc
esina
s
chool
i
ngp r
oce
ss.Cont
entmu
stbec
onnec
tedtot
heteach
ingpedag
ogyus
edbyt
hetea
che
r
a
ndthati
sacco
rdi
ngtot
hecon
cep
tsofac
ert
aini
nst
it
ut
ion
/cu
rri
cul
um.

2
.Ibel
i
evetha
tif
youlo
vewh a
t y
ouaredoi
ng,
e v
eryt
hin
gwil
lbeal
ri
ght
.Yo
uwil
lbesuc
cess
ful
if
,
y
oubel
i
evei
nyours
elfa
ndd onot
lost
hope.Achi
eveyou
rgoal
sinl
if
eandb
eo pt
i
mist
i
call
the
t
i
me.L
earnt
otr
ustt
hepro
cess.

.If
3 eelt
hatbe
ingateach
erisn
oteasy.Weneedtofol
l
owpri
nci
pl
esan
ds t
anda
rdsonhowto
mol
dyoungmind
s.Wen eedt
os t
udyandbeas tu
dentag
ain
,toun
derst
andever
yle
arn
ers
ne
ed.I
twasqui
t
es t
re
ssf
ul,
buti
twasag r
eat
pri
vi
l
egetousf
utur
ement
ors
.

.Wh
4 enIbecomeateac
her
,Iwil
ltau
ghtmysel
ftobemo r
eres
ponsi
bl
ean
dp r
odu
cti
veinmy
s
erv
ice
.Iwil
lmot
i
vat
emyselft
oalway
sdowh a
tisri
ghtwhi
l
eputt
i
ngGodatt
hecent
er.Iwi
l
l
n
otl
imi
tnorst
opl
ear
ni
ngnewthi
ngs,
spec
ial
l
ythati
sbenefici
alt
omyfi el
dofe
xpert
i
se.

L
ESSON2 Re
sea
rch-
bas
edI
nst
ruc
ti
ona
ndPr
inc
ipl
eso
fTe
achi
nga
ndL
ear
ning

Research-
basedi
nstr
uct
ionandt
hepri
nci
pl
esofte
achi
ngan
dlear
nin
ga r
eesse
nti
ali
npla
nni
ng
i
nst
ru
cti
on.Thisle
ssonisdesi
gne
dtoh e
lpyouu nder
st
andhowresear
ch-
bas
e di
nst
ruc
ti
onandthe
p
ri
nci
ple
so fte
achi
ngandlear
ni
ngcanimpr
ovethete
acher
'
spedag
ogic
alcont
entkn
owl
edge(PCK)a
nd
s
tud
ent'
slear
ni
ng.Theobj
ect
i
vesof
thi
sl
ess
ona r
ethef
oll
owi
ng:

1
.anal
yzetheimport
anceo
f r
esea
rch-
base
dinst
ruc
ti
onandt
hepri
nci
pl
esoft
each
ingand
l
ear
ni
ng;
2
.obser
veho wthes
ec a
nenri
chteac
her'
spedag
ogic
alco
nte
ntkn
owledg
eandimpr
ovest
uden
t'
s
l
ear
ni
ng;
3
.recog
niz
etheireffectonle
arner
s;an
de x
aminehowvar
io
usth
eori
esan
dp r
in
cipl
esar
eappl
i
ed
i
npl
anni
nginstr
uct
io
n.

Ed
uca
ti
onT
heor
y

TheKt o12c u
rri
cul
umsshallbele
arn
e r
-c
ente
red,rel
evan
t,re
spons
ive
,andr e
sear
ch-b
ased.As
s
tat
edinRA1 0533ot
herwi
sek n
owna stheEnhance
dBa sicEduca
ti
onActof2012,i
tshal
lpro
mo t
ethe
u
seo fp ed
agogi
calapproac
hestha tareconst
ruc
ti
vi
st,inqui
ry
-base
d,refl ect
iv
e,col
labor
at
ive,and
i
nt
egr
ati
ve.Thesep r
in
cipl
esanda p p
roac
hes,whic
ha ret yp
ica
ll
y,deri
vedfro
me mpi
r
icalres
earch
,
t
heor
et
ica
lclai
ms,prac
ti
calexp
eri
ences,andi
deolo
gic
alo rphi
lo
sophi
calbel
i
efsshal
lser
vea srul
esor
g
uid
ingpr
inci
pl
estha
twil
ldi
rec
tteac
he r
sint
heatt
ai
nme n
tof apar
ti
cul
arout
come.

Rese
arch-
basedinst
ruct
i
o na ndt hep r
in cipleso fte ach
inga n dl ear
ni
ngaretob et a
kena sa
s
tr
at
e g
yt ha
tp r
omotestheuseo femp i
rical0e vid en ce, s0ci
en t
ific fi nd i
ngs,t
heor
eti
calcl
aims,quant
i
tat
i
ve
d
ata,orpra
cti
calexper
ie
ncestoi nformt h ec o nt
e nto fl esson sandi n st
ru ct
i
onalst
r
ategi
es.Thedataon
s
tud
e n
ts'po
oracademicper
for
ma n ce,fore xa mp l
e , c a
nb ea nal
yzedtoi denti
fyt
heprob
lema nddet
ermi
ne
a
ppropr
iat
estr
at
e g
iestopre
vents imil
ar
Downloaded ca
by sesi
Larry n th e([email protected])
Alforo future.T heap p
l icat
io nofre
sear
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asedinst
ruct
i
on
 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

7 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

a
ndt
hepr
in
cip
leso
ftea
chi
ngandl
ear
ni
ngdoe
snoto
nlytr
ans
mit
thek
nowl
edg
eba
sedo
nex
ist
i
ngt
heo
ri
es
a
ndp
ri
nci
pl
esbuta
lsot
ran
sfo
rmst
hes
eint
onewk
nowled
ge.

Car
neg
ieMel
l
onUniv
ers
it
y(201
6)art
i
cul
at
est
hefol
l
owi
ngr
ese
arc
h-b
ase
dpr
i
nci
pl
esa
nd
s
tr
at
egi
esth
atca
nmak
etea
chi
ngeffec
ti
vean
deffic i
ent
:

1
.acqui
ri
ngrel
evantkno
wledgea b
outthes t
udentandusi
ngthatkno
wled
getoi
nf
ormourco
urs
e
d
esi
gna n
dc l
ass
roomteachi
ng:
2
.ali
gni
ngt hethr
ee ma j
orc ompone
ntso finst
ru
cti
on:le
a r
ni
ngo bj
ect
i
ves
,ass
essme
nts
,a n
d
i
nst
ru
cti
onal
acti
vi
ti
es;
3
.art
icu
lat
in
ge x
pli
ci
texp
e c
tat
ionsr
egard
inglear
ni
ngobje
cti
vesandpol
i
ci
es;
4
.pri
ori
ti
zi
ngknowl
edgeands k
il
l
swec hoosetof
ocuson;
5
.recogn
izi
ngandover
comingourexper
tbl
indspot
s;
6
.adopti
ngappr
opr
iat
eteachi
ngrol
estosupport
ourl
earni
nggoal
s;an
d
7
.progr
essi
vel
yrefiningourcour
sesbasedonrefl ec
ti
onandfee
dback.

I
n2016,t
heDepa
rt
mentofEduc
ati
on(De
pEd)ad
optedt
heBasi
cEduc
ati
onRese
arc
hAg e
nda(BERA)
b
yvi
rt
ueofDepEdOr
derNo.39,s
eri
esof2016t
opro
vid
eg ui
dan
cetoDepEdan
dit
sstak
ehol
der
sinthe
c
ond
ucto
feducat
i
onr
esear
ch.
Itse
rvesasagui
def
oreduca
ti
onres
ear
che
rswhosee
kto
1
.bui
l
dg a
insfr
omexis
ti
ngres
e a
rch;
2
.gene
rat
en ewkno
wledgeonles
sexpl
ore
d,butpr
i
ori
tyfield
so f
basi
cedu
cat
ion
:
3
.sy
ste
ma t
ica
ll
yfo
cusDepEd'sat
ten
ti
ononre
lev
anteduc
ati
onis
sues;
and
4
.maxi
mizeavai
l
abl
eresour
cesforr
ese
arc
hinsi
deandout
si
detheDepar
tme
nt.

Obs
erv
ati
on

A.Ans
werth
efol
l
owin
gq u
est
io
nsbase
donyo
urcl
assob
ser
vat
io
n.
1.Doestheschool
promoter
ese
arc
hcul
tu
rea mo
ngthetea
che
rs?
N/
A

2
.Ho wdothete
acher
sunde
rta
keresear
cha
cti
vi
ti
est
oenh
anc
eth
eirpe
dago
gic
alc
ont
ent
knowl
edge
?Wha ta
ret
heseact
iv
it
ie
s?
N/A

3
.Aretheteachersawareof t
hes ta
nda r
ds,pri
nc i
ple
s,andpedagog i
calappro
aches
b
ehindtheK-12curri
culum?
Y
es,theteacherwasa wareoft h
es ta
ndards,pri
nci
pl
es,anda ppr
oachesoftheKt o12
p
rogr
am.Sinceshea p
p l
ieddi
ff e
rentpedagogic
alappr
oache
slike(a)cons
tru
cti
vi
st–becaus
e
s
helethers t
udent
sa ppl
yt h
eirownp ri
orkn owl
edgeinag ro
u pacti
vi
ty
,(b)inqui
ry
-bas
ed
t
eachi
ng-b ec
au s
es hep os
edaq uest
io
nst oh el
pherstu
dentsunderst
andtheless
on,(c)
r
efl ect
i
ve–s heleth
e rst
udentsrefl e
ctinthei
rownp oi
nt
sofview,th
roughpi
ctu
reanal
ysi
s,(d
)
c
oll
abor
ati
ve–b ecauses heletherstude
ntswo rkwit
ho t
her
stoh avemu tua
lrespec
tand
u
nderst
andi
ng,a n
d( e)p r
esentd i
ff er
enti
ateda ct
i
vi
ti
es–y es,shea l
soa ppl
i
edv ar
io
us
a
cti
vi
ti
estha
t h
elpst
uden t
sfeel
e nj
oyandmo r
ei nt
ere
ste
dinthel
esson.

4
.Dot h
eteacher
sint
egrat
er e
searchfi ndi
ngs,empir
ical
e v
ide
nce,
andtheor
ie
stosupp
ort
va
li
di
tyofcont
enttobetaught0
?Ho w? 0
Oneoft
hetheo
ryusedbythete
a ch
eri
nthedemonstr
ati
onwastheCo
nst
ruc
ti
vi
smT h
eor
yby
Je
anPia
get(197
0),
iti
sfro
mk nowledg
e–a cq
uis
it
i
o ntoknowl
edge–con
str
uct
i
on.Assh
own
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 i
nth
ede
mon
str
at
io
nte
ach
ingt
het
eac
herl
eth
ers
tud
ent
sco
nst
r
uctt
hei
rownk
nowl
edg
ean
d
lOMoARcPSD|32021959

8 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

u
nders
tan
din
gbaseso
nthel
essona
ndi
nth
ein
ter
act
i
ono
fot
hers
tud
ent
san
dap
plyt
hei
r
l
ear
ni
ngontheg
ive
nvar
io
ust
ask
s.

5
.Dot h
et e
ac hersusevar
ie
dteachi
nga p
proac
hesb ase
do nK-1
2c ur
ri
culumpri
ncipl
es?
How?
Yes!Theteach e
rusedvar
i
edteach
ingappr
oac
hesli
ke,ut
i
li
zi
ngtec
hnol
ogyinth
ec l
assr
oom-
asame a
nso fdel
i
ver
in
gtheles
son.Pro
vid
einqui
ry
-bas
edinst
ru
cti
on–s hel
etherstu
dent
s
answersque s
tio
nswit
hregar
dst
othelesso
n.Pro
vid
ec oo
pera
ti
veteac
hin
gs t
ra
teg
y–s hele
t
herst
udentsp ar
ti
ci
pat
eineve
ryact
iv
it
yandcoop
erat
ewit
hthei
rres
pect
edgroup
s.

B.Chec
k()
✔ theboxt
hatcor
res
pondstoy
ourc
las
sob
ser
vat
io
n.Y
ouma
ywr
it
eyou
r
comment
sinth
eRema r
kscolumn.

I
ndi
cat
or
s Ob
ser
ved Not Re
mar
ks
Ob
s e
rve
d

Di
agnost
icexam/t
esti
sc onsi
dere
dasp r
e-
1
.Adminis
ter
s as
s e
ssmentthatal
l
owss t
udentsi
ndi
vid
ual
d
iag
nosti
cexa
mto st
reng
thsandwe ak
nesses.Actua
ll
yIdi
dn o
t
a
ssesst
hestu
den
t obse
rvediti
nthedemo ns
tr
a t
i
onteachi
ng
✔ vi
deo,beca
useteacherFl
or g
od i
rec
tl
ytoher
moti
vat
i
onwh ic
hwa spict
ureanal
ysi
s.
AswhatIhaveobserv
e di
nt h
eteachi
ng
2
.Prepar
esales
son demonst
rat
ionvi
deoeve r
yt
h i
ngwasali
gned
b
asedonth
e andappr
opri
atetot
hek i
ndo fst
udent
s.
s
tud
ents
’need
s
✔
3
.Re l
at
estoth
e Thetea
cherrel
at
esthetopi
ctoth
e
t
opi
ctost
udent
s’ ex
p e
ri
encesoft
hes t
udent
sbya ski
ngif
they
i
nt
eres
tto encou
ntersi
t
uati
onsli
keonthepi
ctur
eo rb
y
mot
iv
atel
earne
rs f
ormul
ati
ngas en
tencesusi
ngthose
✔ vo
cabula
rywords.Sheal
soprovi
de
i
nst
ruct
io
nalmateri
al
sthr
oughpict
uresand
I
CTb ase
d.
Si
ncethestu
dentswereGrade3,te
acher
4
.Co n
tex
tual
i
zest
he Fl
orpro
videvar
io
u sact
iv
it
i
esthatwas
c
ont
entoft
hele
sso
n appr
opri
at
ea n
dforthemfeel
e n
joyand
a
ccor
din
gtostu
dent
s’ moti
vat
edinle
arni
nginthecl
ass.
b
ackgr
ound
✔
Sh
ed i
dnotpr
esen
thero
bject
i
vesinth
e
5
.Arti
cul
at
esacl
ears
et l
ess
on.Th
at’
swhyIdi
dnotreal
l
yun d
erst
and
o
fle
arni
ngob
jec
ti
ves wha
twasthegoa
loft
heto
picpre
sented
.

✔
0 0 Shei
nde
edp
rov
ided
iff
ere
nti
at
eda
cti
vi
t
ies
6
.Provi
desv
ari
ed l
i
ke,
pict
ur
eana
lys
is,
formul
at
eas e
nte
nceb
y
a
cti
vi
t
iest
o ✔ t
heuseoft
heg
ive
ntermin
olo
gie
s,gr
oup
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 s
uppor
tl
earn
ing lOMoARcPSD|32021959

a
cti
vi
ti
es,
andpr
esen
tedr
hymin
gword
sand
o
bje
cti
ves l
ets
tude
ntsc
rea
teasent
enc
e.But
Idon’
t

9 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

t
hi
nksoifshesup
porthe
rle
arni
ng
ob
ject
i
ves,s
inceIdi
dnotsa
witont
hevid
eo.
Shedr
awsrele
vantbo
die
so f
knowl
edg
eb y
7
.Drawsonrel
eva
nt as
kin
gs t
udent
squest
i
onbasedont
hei
r
bo
die
so f
knowl
edge ex
peri
ence
s.
t
oma k
ethel
esson
mor
erel
evan
t
✔
T
hed e
mo ns
tr
ato
rwasabletomanageand
8
.Re flectsonte
ach
ing h
andl
ed i
ff er
entac
ti
vi
ti
estha
twas
met
hodol
ogyand a
pprop
ri
ateandsui
t
edtotheki
ndof
st
ra
teg
iesusedf
or s
tud
ents
.Sheu s
eddifferentt
ech
niqu
esand
effect
iven
ess s
tr
at
egies
✔
Thete
a cheri
ndeedaski
ft
heysti
ll
remember
9
.Ex ami
nesthe t
heir
pas t
less
on.Insomecase
st h
eteacher
st
udent
s’pr
evi
ous wasabletohandl
etheneed
san di
nter
ests
per
for
manceto oft
helear
n er
s.Sheappl
i
edvari
ous
modif
yle
arni
ng st
rat
egi
esa sme n
ti
onedonpage8,Let
terA
obj
ect
iv
esandcont
ent number3.
oft
heles
son,
i
ncl
udin
gthetea
chi
ng
st
ra
tegyuse
d ✔

AswhatIhav
eobserve
d,ever
yt
hingwas
1
0.Al
i
gn sasse
ssment al
i
gnedfro
mthemo t
iva
ti
on,di
scus
sio
no f
the
t
asksan di
nst
ru
cti
ona
l l
esso
n,gener
ali
zat
io
na c
ti
vi
tyandaswell
as
ac
ti
vit
ieswi
thl
earn
ing t
hegroupact
i
vit
y.ButId
idn
’tk
nowifth
e
ob
jecti
ves ✔ obj
ect
i
veswasme t
.

C.Wha
tareth
erese
arc
h-b
asedi
nst
ruc
ti
onal
str
ate
gie
sapp
li
edb
ythec
oope
rat
i
ngt
eac
her
?
Wr
it
eyourans
wersi
nthes
pacebel
ow.

Thec o
o p
erati
ngteache
ra ppli
edr es
ea rch-
basedin st
ructi
on als
tr
at
egi
esli
kep rovi
dingclear and
effective learning feedback, inquiry-based teaching method, promoting students
metacognition, cooperative learning, direct instruction, and generates intrinsic
motivation and appreciation. She also provides differentiated activities that will help
students feel more comfortable and interested in class.

Pr
oce
ssi
ng

Re
adc
are
ful
l
yan
dan
swe
rth
efo
ll
owi
ngq
ues
ti
onsb
ase
donwh
aty
ouh
aveo
bse
rve
dinc
las
s.

1
.Ho wd oresea
rch-
b a
sedinst
ruct
iona
lstr
ategie
senri
chthepedagogi
calcontent
knowl
edgeof t
eachers
?
Rese
arch-
base
di ns
tr
uct
io
na0st
l rat
egi
esw0i
l
lhel
pteac
her
se nha
ncethei
rski
ll
inte
achi
ng.I
t
wil
len
li
ght
e nt
hete
a c
herskno
wledg
ea ndpr
a c
ti
ceot
hermeanstoi
mprovet
eachi
ngs t
yl
esand
t
echni
ques.Thi
swo ul
dals
oh el
pthemtoso l
vecer
ta
inpro
blemsincla
ssan dhandl
ethi
ngs
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 a
bou
tst
ude
ntss
tr
eng
thsa
ndwe
akn
ess
es. lOMoARcPSD|32021959

10 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

2
.Ho wdorese
arch-
base
dinstruct
io
nalst
rat
egi
esaffe ctt
hestudent
s’lear
ning?
Resea
rch-
basedi
nst
ruc
ti
onalstr
at
egi
eswil
lgreat
l
ya ffectst
udentslear
nin
g.Itwi
l
lhelp
l
ear
ner
stoorga
niz
ethei
rknowl
edge.Pr
omot
ea ct
i
velear
ni
ngenvi
ronment.Bal
ancest
ude
nts
p
osi
ti
veandn ega
ti
vefeed
ba c
k.Alsohel
ps t
udent
srei
nfo
rcele
a r
nin
gt hati
st i
melyand
r
el
evan
t.

3
.Wh atdot
eacher
sneedtodotoimprovethe
irre
s e
a r
chskil
l
s?
Toimpr
ovete
ach
ersre
sear
chski
ll
s,t
heyneedtohave/
j
ointea
che
rcon
fer
enc
esor
p
rog
ramabouthowt
oenhanc
eteach
ersstr
at
egie
sa ndt
echni
quesan
dimpr
ovet
hei
rr
ese
arc
h
s
ki
ll
sabi
li
t
yinte
rmsofk
nowin
ga p
propr
i
atemethodsoft
eachi
ng.

Re
fle
cti
on

Co
mpl
et
eth
efo
ll
owi
ng:

1
.Irea
lize
dt ha
tinord
ertobemo r
eprodu
cti
vei
nteac
hin
gwen e
edtoknowsomeresear
ch-
b
asedinst
ru
cti
onal
str
at
e gi
est
oe n
hanceourpe
dagogi
cal
kno
wledgeandappr
oache
s.We
n
eedtoknowa ndpr
act
icevar
i
ousstr
at
egiesa
ndtec
hniq
uest
oh e
lpourst
udent
sle
arnat
e
ase,andofcour
setoknowh o
wtoh a
ndlece
rt
aint
hi
ngsint
hecl
ass,
a ndal
sohel
pstu
dent
s
t
ohavefant
ast
i
clear
nin
g .

2
.Ibeli
evet
hati
fyo
uwo rkf
ori
t,y
ouwi
llh
aveit.
Asat
eac
herwene
edtobemor
efr
ui
tf
ul
,
b
ecaus
ewec a
nnotgi
vewhatwedonot
ha v
e.Wene
edtol
ear
nmanyth
ing
sando
fcour
se
e
xamin
etha
tle
arni
ngt
oh av
eb e
tt
ero
utcome.

3
.Ifee
lthati
neve
rysucc
essinl
ear
ni
ngthe
iri
ssomeon
ewh osac
ri
fi c
einit
.Asate
acherwe
n
eedtosac
ri
fi c
ee v
ery
thi
ng,
ourt
ime,
eff or
t,a
ndofcour
seourmi
nd.Beres
pons
ibl
eenoug
h
a
ndall
owyours
elf
tol
earnmor
ethi
ngs
,spec
ial
l
ywhenit
isfo
rthegoo
dofyourfiel
dof
e
xper
ti
se.

4
.Wh enIbecomeateacher
,Iwil
lenco
urag
emys e
lft
ob epr
ol
ificandi
mpar
tmykno
wledg
eto
myle
arn
ersth
eb e
stt
hatIco
uld.But
Icanonl
ydotha
tifIamkno
wled
gea
blee
noug
htole
arn
va
ri
ousi
nst
ruct
i
onals
tr
ate
gies
,me t
hods
,andt
echn
iquesint
eac
hin
g.

L
ESSON3 Po
sit
i
veUs
eofI
nf
orma
ti
ona
ndCo
mmun
ica
ti
onsT
echn
olo
gy

T
e ac
h e
rspl
ayacr
it
i
calr
ol
einsup
port
i
nglea
rne
rst
ofacec
hal
len
gesandsei
zeoppo
rt
uni
t
iesi
nth
e
d
igi
t
alwo
rld(UNESCO2018)
.Thi
sle
sso
nwil
lhel
pyouasc
ert
ai
nhowtodemon
stra
tesk
il
l
susi
ng
t
ech
nol
ogytopromot
equ
ali
t
y-l
ear
ni
ngout
comes.
Theobj
ect
iv
esoft
hi
sles
sonaret
hefol
l
owi
ng:

1
.iden
ti
fydi
ffere
ntty
pesofi
nf
ormat
io
na n
dcommunic
ati
onte
chn
olo
gie
s(I
CT)
for
tea
chi
ng
a
ndlear
ni
ng;
2
.obser
vethep
rope
ruseofI
CTinte
achi
ngandle
arn
ing;
and
3
.unders
tan
dhowtec
hnol
ogycani
mprov
eteac
hin
gandlear
ni
ng.
0 0
Ed
uca
ti
onT
heor
y

Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])

 On
eoft
he21s
tcen
tur
yski
l
lst
hat
stud
ent
snee
dtosuc
cee
dint
hei
nfo
rmat
i
onagei
ser
acysk
il
l
lOMoARcPSD|32021959

t
hat
compr
i
sesi
nf
or
mati
onl
i
ter
acy
,medi
ali
t
erac
y,a
ndt
echn
olo
gyl
it
er
acy(
P21Fr
amewo
rkf
or2
1stCent
ur
y

11 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

L
earni
ng2016)
.Thu
s,t
each
ersshou
ldnot
onl
ybeequi
ppe
dwit
hpedago
gic
alk
nowl
edge
,but
als
owi
t
h
t
ech
nolog
ica
lknowl
edg
etoadap
ttothed
emandof
the21s
tce
ntur
yte
achi
ngandl
ear
ni
ng.

Mishr
aa n
dKo eh
ler(2
006)defi netechnol
ogi
calknowl
edge(TK)asknowl
edgeofdiff e
rent
t
ech
nolog
iesf
romtra
dit
i
onalma t
er
ial
ssucha sbooks
,chal
k,andb l
ackb
oardt
omo readva
n c
ed
t
ech
nolog
iesl
ik
ed i
gi
tal
technol
ogi
esth
atinvol
veski
ll
srequi
redtoopera
tehar
dwareandsoft
wareandthe
a
bil
i
tyt
oa dap
ttonewtech
n ol
ogi
esrega
rdle
sso ft
ype.Mi
sh r
aa n
dKo ehl
er(
2006)exp
lai
nedthatt
he
p
edagogi
calus
esoftec
hnolog
yrequi
rethede v
elo
pmentofac omple
xsit
uat
edformofknowl
edgecall
ed
t
ech
nolog
ical
pedagogi
cal
c o
ntent
knowle
d ge(TPACK).TheTPACKf r
ameworkdescr
i
bestheteach
er'
s
k
nowle
dgeo f
tech
nolo
gyinte
grat
io
n,whichad d
stechnol
ogi
calknowl
edgetoShul
ma n'
sconcep
tofPCK.It
i
sanover
lapofco
ntentk
nowledge
,pedagogical
knowl
edge,andtechnol
ogi
calk
nowledg
ea sshownin
F
igu
re1.

Technological
Knowledge

Pedagogical Content
Knowledge Knowledge

F
igur
e1.
TPACKF
rame
wor
k

Rel
a t
i
vely
,duetorapiddevel
opmentoft
echnol
ogi
es,t
h er
eisaneedtohaveaclearvi
si
onoft
he
r
oleoft
eachersi
nh a
rnessingthepowerofI
CTinthecl
assr
ooma ndb e
yond(UNESCO2 011).Th
us,t
he
UNESCOI CTCo mpete
nc yFrameworkfo
rTeacher
s(I
CT-CFT)wa scr
eate
dtohelpcount
ri
esdevel
opa
co
mp r
ehensiv
en at
i
onalICTc ompet
e n
cypol
icyandst
andard.
UNESCOBa ngko
kinp ar
tn
ershi
pwit
hthe
Commissi
ono nHig
herEd ucat
ion(
CHED) addre
ssedthi
svi
sionbyint
egr
ati
ngtheICTcomp e
tenc
y
st
andar
dsforteac
hersi
nt herevi
sedunder
gradua
tete
achereducati
onpr
ogra
mo f2017,whic
ha i
msto
bui
ldt
eachereducat
i
ong raduat
es'abi
l
it
ytoappl
yICTtopromotequal
it
y,r
el
evant
,a n
dsustai
nabl
e
educa
ti
onalpr
a c
ti
ces.
T
op r
ovid
epubl
i
cschoo
lte
ach
erswithap
pro
pri
at
etec
hnol
ogi
est
oenha
ncethet
each
ingandl
ear
nin
g
pr
oces
san dmee
tthech
all
eng
esofth
e2 1s
tcent
ur
y,t
heDepEdi
mpl
ement
edtheDe
pEdCo mput
er
iz
ati
on
Pr
ogr
am( DCP)i
n2010byvi
rt
ueofDepEdOrde
rNo.78.
Theobj
ect
i
veso
ftheDCPareasfo
ll
ows
:

1
.pro
videcomputerl
abor
ato
rypackagest
os e
condar
yscho
ols
;
2
.pro
videe-cl
assr
oomstoelement
aryschoo
ls;
3
.pro
videla
p t
opuni
tstomobil
eteach
ers;
4
.in
tegr
ateICTinth
es ch
oolsyst
em;
5
.rai
setheICTli
te
racyofl
earne
rs,pupi
l
s,st
udent
s,t
eac
hers
,ands
cho
olsh
ead
s;a
nd
6
.redu
cec omput
erbackl
oginpubl
icscho
ols,
5.6.
0 0

Obs
erv
ati
on
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

A. F
amil
i
ari
zeyo
urs
elf
wit
hICTfa
cil
i
ti
esan
dtool
sfo
rte
ach
ingan
dle
arni
ng.
Checki
ft
he
fo
ll
owi
ngi
temsar
eavai
l
able
.Pro
videade
scr
i
pti
onfo
reac
hint
heri
ght
mostc
olu
mn.

12 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

I
CTF
aci
li
ti
esa
nd Av
ail
abl
e Not De
scr
ipt
i
on
To
ols Av
a i
l
abl
e

Co
mput
erL
ab/
Comp
ute
r T
hisi
swh erestuden
tsdos omerese
arch
Ro
om a
cti
vi
ti
esora s
sig
nme n
ts.Thi
slabwi
lla
lso
h
elpthel e
arner
sp rac
ti
cea ndenhance
✔ t
hei
rI
CTl ear
ni
ng.
Au
dio
-Vi
sua
lRo
om T
hisiswe r
eteacher
sc o
n du
ctori
ent
at
ion
a
boutace r
tai
ncla
ss.I
tma yal
souseasa
filmv i
ewin
groomo rma yser
veasaroom
✔ t
oconductaprog
ram.
L
apt
op/
Des
kto
p T
hisareu s
eine ncodi
nga n
yd oc
uments
✔ r
equi
redi
ns ch
ool.
Pr
i
nte
r T
hisi
sus
etop
rod
uceh
ard
cop
ies
.
✔
Sc
ann
er T
hisisus
et odupl
i
cat
ee x
ist
i
ngcopyo
r
d
ocument
sl i
ke,I.
D.,bir
thc e
rt
ific
ate
,
b
apti
sma
l,an
dma n
ymo r
e.
✔
L
CDp
roj
ect
or T
hisisadev
ic
etha
tpr
oj
ecta mot
i
onof
p
ict
ure
s.I
ten
lar
get
hefil
ebeingp
roj
ect
ed
i
nthewal
l
.
✔
Au
dioe
qui
pme
nt T
hisisus
etoheart
hes
oun
donac
ert
ai
n
v
ideopr
esen
tat
i
on.

✔
L
CD/
LEDTV T
hisca
nb eusetofl a
shmo vi
eorot
her
v
ide
ocli
psinane as
yway.I
td oesno
t
n
eedanypr
oj
ect
orora
udi
oequ
ipment
.
✔
I
nt
er
net
acc
ess Th
iscanbeuset
oa c
cessonl
i
nes
earc
hes
an
ds end
ingfilesthr
oug
hGma i
lorot
her
mode
so fo
nli
nea
pp.
✔
Computerhar
ddri
ves T
hisc
anb
eu s
etos
tor
epi
ct
ur
es,v
ide
os,
andst
oragedevi
ces d
atao
rfil
es.
(
e.g.
,compactdi
sc,
fl as
h
dri
ves
/USB,port
abl
e ✔
devi
ces)
Tabl
et
s,mobil
ephones
, Canbeus
easame an
so fc
ommu ni
cat
i
on,
orot
hermo b
il
edevi
ces st
or
esmal
lgi
gaby
tesdat
aorfi l
es,andcan
i
nst
al
lapp
sforonl
i
necla
ssesortoin
form
✔ st
uden
tsf
orc
ert
ai
nins
tr
uct
ionwi
threga
rds
t
othel
ess
on.
Ot
her
s:

B.I
nt
er
vi
ewt
hec
oop
era
ti
ngt
eac
her
.As
kth
efo
ll
owi
ngq
ues
ti
ons
.
0 0
Na
meo f
schoo
l:St
.Jo
seph’
sCommu
nit
yHighSc
hoo
lof
Sap
adI
nc.
Ad
dre
ss:Po
bla
cion
,Sapa
dL a
naoDe
lNort
e
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

1
.Doe
sth
esc
hool
hav
espe
cifi
cICTpol
i
cie
sands
tand
ards
?

13 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

0 0

Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

Yes
,th
escho
olha
ds p
eci
ficICTpol
i
ci
esandst
and
ard
s.It
wasu
sedo
nlyf
or
e
duc
ati
ona
lpu
rpos
esandund
ert
hesup
erv
isi
ono
f t
heI
CTteac
her
.

2
.Arethete
acher
sa war
eoftheschool
’sI
CTpol
ici
esandsta
ndards?
Yes,
theywer
ea wa
reoft
hescho
o l
’
sICTp
oli
ci
esan
ds t
andar
ds.T
heywi
l
lse
ek
p
ermi
ssi
ontot
heICTfac
il
i
tat
ora
headofti
mebef
or
eadmini
st
eri
ngi
t.

3
.Doest
heschoolpr
ovi
deICTtra
ini
ngfort
eacher
s?
Wi
ll
,at
thi
sti
methe
yprov
idemoral
suppo
rtan
dunder
st
andi
ngabo
utt
heu s
eof
I
CTt
ool
s.I
twasnot
act
ual
l
yatrai
nin
gbutanact
uale
xpe
ri
enc
ewh i
l
eteac
hin
g.

4
.Doesthes c
hoolprovi
dethenec
essar
yICTtool
sanddig
it
alt
echno
logi
estoai
d
t
eac
hingandlear
ningact
ivi
ti
es?
Yes!Ther
esof
twarewer
eupdat
edandbough
tcomp
let
eseto
fICTt
ool
sth
atca
n
b
eusedfort
each
erstodel
i
vert
heles
sonate
ase.

5
.Aret h
es t
udentsprov
idedwit
he qualopport
uni
tyt
ou set
hecomput
ersand
ot
herdig
ita
ltechnol
ogie
s?
Ofco
urse!Buta
swh a
tIhavesai
dwi t
htheper
mis
sio
no f
theI
CTf
aci
l
it
ato
rand
wi
thth
eguidanceoft
hesubj
ect
a d
v i
ser
.

6
.Aretheteacher
s’knowledgeo nhowtoop er
atealapt
op/comput
erandothe
r
d
igi
tal
technolo
giesforteachi
nga ndlea
rni
ng?
Inourscho
olte
acherswe r
ea dv
ancedinu
singI
CTt o
olsevent
hought
heydon’
t
h
aveprope
rtra
ini
ng.Becauseth
e yl
earn
editf
romthe
irchi
ldr
enandth
roug
hwa t
chi
ng
Y
ouTubevi
deos.

Ot
herc
omme
ntsa
ndo
bse
rva
ti
ons
:

D.Che
ck()
✔ t
heb
oxt
hat
cor
re
spo
ndst
oyo
urc
las
sob
ser
vat
i
on.
Youma
ywr
i
tey
our
comme
ntsi
nth
e
l
ast
col
umn.

Co
mpe
ten
cie
s Ob
ser
ved Not Re
mar
ks
Ob
s e
rve
d

Do
mai
n1:
Und
ers
tan
din
gICTi
nEd
uca
ti
on
Th ete
ach erwe r
ea wareof t
hepol
ici
esoft
he
Demons
tra
tesawar
eness ICTb as
e dt eac hi
ng.I
nth evi
deo,shewas
of
pol
ici
esaff ect
i
ngICTin ✔ theonewh oop er
atesthep r
esent
at
ionand
ed
ucat
ion justl
ett
hes t
ud ent
stoobs er
vedwhatshe
wa sdoi
ng .
Compl
ie
swithICT 0 0 Th edemo nstr
a t
oractu
a l
l
yu seth
ep r
ojec
tor
po
li
ci
esastheyaff e
ct an dl
aptopj ust t
opresentherles
sona n
d
t
each
ing-
l
earni
ng ✔ othergen e r
ali
z a
ti
ona c
ti
vit
ies.
,th
atwil
lhel
p
student
ss awt
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
hepresent
e dl
essoncl
earl
y.
 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

Assheope
rat
est
hePPTIo
bserve
dtha
tsh
e
re
all
yta
ughth
ers
tud
ent
sabou
tICT.
14 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

Cont
ext
ual
i
zesI
CT Act
ual
l
yIdidno
tobse
rvedt
hat
thet
each
er
po
li
ci
estot
hele
arn
ing ✔ co
ntex
tua
li
zedpol
i
ci
estot
hel
earn
ing
en
vir
onment en
vir
onment
.

Do
mai
n2:
Cur
ri
cul
uma
ndAs
ses
sme
nt

Thet
eacherappl
i
edthethe
oryofJohn
Demonst
rat
esan Deweywhi
c hwasLear
nin
gb ydoi
ng.Shel
et
und
erst
andi
ngof st
udent
sapplywhatt
heyhavele
arn
edu si
ng
con
cepts
,pr
inc
ipl
es,
and ✔ t
hosesent
encesandchoi
cesint
hePPT
t
heor
iesofI
CTsyst
ems pr
esent
at
io
n .
ast
heyappl
ytote
achi
ng-
l
ear
nin
g

Ev
alua
tesdi
git
ala
ndnon- I
nthedemonst
rat
i
onteac
hin
gIdidn
ot
di
gi
ta
lle
a r
ni
ngres
our
ces o
bserv
eds o
me t
hi
ngli
ket
his
,si
nceher
i
nres
ponsetost
uden
ts’ ✔ s
tud
e n
tswereGrad
e3,gadget
swer
enoty
et
di
ver
seneeds a
vai
labl
eint
h e
irc
ase.

Dev
elop
sd i
gi
ta
lle
arn
ing I
nhercas
e,s
inc
eshehasso
meICTto
olsi
n
r
esour
cest
oe nh
ance t
eac
hin
gthi
scoul
dhel
phert
ofi n
dany
t
each
ing-
le
arni
ng ✔ r
eso
urce
stoenha
ncet
hei
rte
ach
ing
.

UsesICTasat oolt
o Y
es,i
ndee
d!Thede
mo n
str
at
orus
edI
CT
st
de
velop21c ent
ur
y t
ool
sli
kel
apt
opan
dp r
oj
ect
or.
sk
il
l
s :
Infor
ma t
io
n,Me d
ia
an
dT echnol
o g
ySk i
l
ls
, ✔
Le
arni
n gandInnova
ti
on
Ski
l
ls,Li
feandCa r
eer
Ski
l
ls,andEff e
cti
ve
Commu ni
cati
onSkil
l
s

Do
mai
n3:
Ped
ago
gy

Appl
i
esrel
eva
nt T
hete
acheruse
dappr
opri
at
eICTto
olso
n
t
echno
logyt
ool
sfo
r s
omeact
ivi
t
iesl
i
kemult
i
plech
oic
esonthe
cl
ass
roomact
iv
it
i
es ✔ t
er
min
olo
giespr
ese
nte
d.

Shepre
sent
edh eri
nst
r
ucti
onbypro
jec
ti
ngit
UsesI
CTkn o
wled
geto onth
eb o
ardfort
hecol
lab
orat
iv
eacti
vi
ti
es.
so
lveco
mp l
expr
oble
ms ✔ Tobeabl
eforthest
udent
stoseet
hewords
an
ds u
pports
tud
ent cl
ear
ly
.Shealsousesi
nqui
ry-
base
dteachi
ng
co
ll
abor
ati
veact
i
vit
i
es meth
odonh erpr
esent
at
io
n.

Y
es,
thed
emo
nst
r
ato
rle
the
rst
ude
nts
Mode
lscol
l
abor
ati
ve
0 0 col
l
abo
rat
ewi
t
hea
cho
the
rbyg
ivi
ngt
hem
kn
owled
geins
tr
uct
io
nsi
n ✔ d
iff
ere
nti
at
edg
rou
pac
ti
vi
t
ies
.
f
ace-
t
o-f
aceandvi
rt
ual
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 e
nvi
r
onme
nts
lOMoARcPSD|32021959

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

Do
mai
n4:
Tec
hno
log
yTo
ols

I
nherdemo
nst
rat
i
onIdi
dn o
tob
ser
ved
Demonst
rat
es so
methi
ngt
ech
nic
aler
ro
r.Shep
res
ent
ed
co
mp et
encei
nt h
e ✔ an
dd i
sc
uss
edherl
ess
oninasmoot
hes
t
t
echni
cal
o pe
rati
onsof way
.
t
echnol
ogyto
olsand
sy
ste
msa stheyappl
yto
t
eachi
ngandlearn
ing

Sheonl
yuse
dlapt
opan
dp r
oj
ect
or
.Butt
he
Useste
chnol
ogyt
ool
sto i
mpactwasgr
eatan
dabl
est
udent
sto
cr
eatenewle
arni
ng ✔ pa
rti
ci
pat
eandfe
elmor
ein
ter
est
edi
nthe
op
po r
tu
nit
ie
stosuppo
rt l
esso
n.
co
mmu ni
ti
esofl
earn
ers

T
het
eacherwaspr
ofici
ent
enoug
hto
Demons
tr
ate
sprofici
enc
y o
per
at
etheICTto
olsu
sedi
nher
i
ntheus
eo f
tec
hnol
ogy ✔ d
emons
tr
ati
on.
t
ool
stosup
port
teac
hin
g
an
dlear
ni
ng

Do
mai
n5:
Org
ani
zat
i
ona
ndAd
min
ist
r
ati
on

Shedi
dn otchoo
seh erst
udents,e
very
body
Managest
echno
log
y- wer
eg i
venac hancetoanswerac er
ta
in
as
si
stedin
str
uct
i
onina
n ✔ qu
e s
ti
ona ndorcal
ledra
n d
o ml
y.Sheeven
i
ncl
usi
vecla
ssr
oom l
etal
lherst
u d
entstoanswerthequest
i
on
en
vir
onment pr
oje
cte
do ntheb oar
danda skedt
hei
rown
ex
peri
encesaboutit
.
Ye
s,aswh atIhaveobser
veds hepr
acti
ce
Expl
orese
xis
ti
ngand I
CTb as
e dteac
hingtoenhanceherski
l
lon
eme r
gi
ngte
chnol
ogi
esto ✔ t
echnol
ogy-bas
edme tho
da ndimprov
eh e
r
acqui
read
dit
io
nalc
onte
nt t
eachi
ngs t
rat
egi
es.
andpedago
gica
l
knowl
edge

Sheut
il
i
zeste
chnol
ogyto
olsi
nhert
eac
hin
g
Ut
il
i
zest
echn
olo
gytoo
lsi
n de
mo n
str
ati
onandwereabl
etoman
age
cr
eat
i
ngcommuni
ti
esof ✔ ev
eryl
essonandac
ti
vit
ypres
ent
ed.
pr
act
i
ce

T
heins
tr
uct
i
onpre
sent
ed,I
me anpr
oje
cte
d
Col
la
borat
eswithpee
rs, o
nthewal
lhe
lpst
ude
ntst
ocoll
abor
at
ewith
co
ll
eagues
,a n
d ✔ p
eer
sandfr
ie
ndst
oknowtherul
esand
0 0
st
akeh
older
stoa c
cess r
egu
lat
i
onsi
nmaki
ngsuchgro
upa c
ti
vi
ty
.
i
nf
ormati
oninsuppor
tof
pr
ofe
ssi
onalle
arni
ng
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

16 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

Do
mai
n7:
Tea
che
rDi
spo
sit
i
on

Thet
eache
rwasverycar
ef
ulonaski
ng
Demons
tr
atessoc
ial
, st
udent
sex
peri
ence
swithre
gar
dstothe
et
hi
cal
,andl
e g
al ✔ ques
ti
onpr
esent
ed/
proj
ect
edonthewal
l.
r
espo
nsi
bil
it
i
esint
hes u
e Si
ncehers
tuden
tshaddi
ff er
entbel
i
efs
,sh
e
of
tec
hnol
ogytool
sand wasres
pons
ibl
eenought
oma na
geh e
r
r
esou
rces st
udent
sneed
.

T
h edemo
n s
tr
ato
rshowsposi
ti
veat
t
it
ude
Sho
wsp o
sit
i
veatt
i
tud
e t
owar
dstheuseofI
CTtool
s.Shewas
t
owar
dsthesueof ✔ p
leas
antandcar
ef
uli
nu s
ingi
t.
t
echno
log
ytool
s

Pr
oce
ssi
ng

Re
adc
are
ful
l
yan
dan
swe
rth
efo
ll
owi
ngq
ues
ti
onsb
ase
donwh
aty
ouh
aveo
bse
rve
dinc
las
s.

1
.Wh atar
etheprobl
emso rchal
l
engesi
nintegrat
i
ngICTi nt
eachingandle
arning?
Thep r
obl
ems/c
hall
eng
esinint
egr
at
in
gICTinteachi
ngare;conn
ecti
onsandaccessi
bi
li
t
y,
t
ech
nic
alerr
or,l
ackoftr
ai
nin
ga ndcompet
encyinusi
ngICT.Be c
auseitta
kesti
mef orth
e
t
eac
hertopract
i
ceICTtool
s,it
susesandpurpo
s e
.Inle
a r
ni
n gl
acko fmot
iv
ati
ona ndpoor
a
dmini
st
rat
iv
es u
pport
wil
laff e
ctt
heacqui
si
ti
onoflea
rni
ngofstu
dentsaswel
lasthetea
chers
.

2
.Wh atar
ethechal
len
ge sencount
eredbyst
udent
sinusin
gICTt o
olsandotherf
orms
fordig
it
alt
echnol
ogies?
Somec hal
l
engesenco
u nt
ere
db ystu
dent
susi
ngICTtoo
lsarela
cko fa
cces
sibi
l
it
y,poo
r
i
nt
er
n e
tconnec
ti
on,publ
i
ci
tythre
at,andnotupd
ate
ds o
ft
ware
.Th i
swouldmakesthemfeel
b
oredandmaybeunde
rgoneincyberi
ss
ues.

3
.I nwhatdomain
/sICTcompete
ncystan
dardsfo
rteac
hersdot
eac
hersne
ed
improve
ment?Wh y?
T
heteach
ersnee
dtoimprov
eth
eirund
ers
tan
din
ga b
outICTinEd
uca
ti
on.T
heynee
dtokn
ow
s
omea r
easwher
eICTc anbeappl
yinte
achi
ngtoge
the
rwit
htheap
pro
pri
at
est
rat
egi
esand
t
ech
niq
ues.

5
.Ho
wwi l
lyoupromotethepos
it
iveuseofICTtoyourst
udents
?
Topromot
eICTtomys t
ude
nts
, I
n e
edtost
at
esomef a
ctsabo
utI
CTit
spu
rpos
e,g
o a
l,a
nd
usag
e. Bu
tofco
ursetobeabl
efort
hemtobel
ie
ve,Iwi
llus
eICTanda
ppl
yit
asoneofmy
ta
cti
csint
eachi
ng

Re
fle
cti
on
0 0
Co
mpl
et
eth
efo
ll
owi
ng:

1
.Ir
eal
i
zedt
hatwen
eedt
ost
udyn
oto
nlya
bou
tpe
dag
ogi
cala
ppr
oac
hesa
ndr
ese
arc
h-b
ase
d
Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])
 t
eac
hin
gst
rat
egi
esbu
tals
obeupd
atedonI
CTtoo
ls.I
CTt
ool
scanma
keso
urwo
rke
asi
era
nd
lOMoARcPSD|32021959

f
ast
erl
i
kec
omput
ingg
rad
esbyt
heus
eo f
exc
ela
ndothe
rme
ans.

17 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

2
.Ibel
iev
ethatever
yt
hi
ngisgoo
d,b u
tinmoder
at
ionan
dri
ghtwa
yofusi
ngit
.ICTi
sgoodbutwe
n
eedt
os t
udysomeofi
tspr
obl
emsa ndcha
ll
eng
esfo
rust
ob eawa
reofwhatmi
ghth
appen.We
n
eedtoeduca
teoursel
fandli
mitt
hethin
gswema kes
peci
al
l
yo n
li
ne.Wemu s
tbep r
ofi c
ien
t
e
noug
htoma n
agethi
ski
ndoft
ool
sintea
chi
ng.

3
.Ifeelt
hati
t’
ssost
re
ssf
ulandti
meconsumi
ng.Bec
aus
eIn e
edtopr
act
ic
emysel
ftol
ear
nth
e
p
urpos
eandusa
geofI
CTtool
sth
atcanbeus
eformypr
act
i
cetea
chi
ngso
on.I
nee
dtode
vot
emy
s
elf
onhowtobepr
ofi c
ien
tenoug
ho nI
CT.

4
.Wh e
nIbe c
omeat eacher
,Iwil
lembr
aceth
isc
hal
le
nge.Iwi
l
lnotl
etmysel
ft
og i
veupjus
t
b
eca
useoft
his
.Iwi
ll
encour
ageandmot
i
vat
emysel
ft
hatI
candoi
tandIwi
l
lbegoo
dint
each
ing
d
emons
tr
at
ionusi
ngt
hiski
ndoft
ool
s.

L
ess
on4 St
rat
egi
esf
orPr
omot
i
ngL
it
era
cya
ndNume
rac
y

Thi
sles
sonpr
ese
ntst
hete
achi
ngst
ra
teg
iest
hat
augment
li
te
rac
yandn
umera
cyski
l
ls
.It
wil
lhel
pyo
u
a
nal
yzehowdiffer
ents
tr
at
egi
esar
eemplo
yedi
nint
egr
at
in
gli
ter
acya
ndnume
racyi
nte
achi
ng.
The
o
bje
cti
vesof
thi
sl
ess
onaret
hefo
ll
owi
ng:

1
.de
fin
eth
ete
rms‘
’nu
mer
acya
ndl
i
ter
acy
?
2
.ob
ser
veh
owl
i
ter
acya
ndn
ume
rac
yar
ein
teg
rat
edi
nte
ach
inga
ndl
ear
ni
ng;
and
0 0
3
.id
ent
i
fys
tr
at
egi
esi
npr
omo
ti
ngl
i
ter
acya
ndn
ume
rac
y.

Downloaded by Larry Alforo ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|32021959

Ed
uca
ti
onT
heor
y

18 I FIELDSTUDY1:AGuidefor21stCenturyStudentTeachers

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