SAMPLING and

SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTIONS
 REVIEW
1. The area of lots in exclusive village.
2. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee.
3. The number of defective covid-19 Rapid
Anti-Body Test Kit.
4. The time needed to finish a test.
5. The number of students with Academic
Excellence in a school per district.
 Chapter 2.1

RANDOM
SAMPLING
POPULATION SAMPLE
➢The set of all the possible ➢ It is a subset of population.
values of a variable. ➢ It consists of one or more
➢It refers to whole group data drawn from the
under study or population. population.
 RANDOM SAMPLING
➢It is a sampling method of choosing
representatives from the population
wherein every sample has a chance of being
selected.
➢Accurate data can be collected using
random sampling techniques.
 SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
➢It is a sampling technique in which each
member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
➢It is often used on the long population lists.
𝑵 (𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆)
➢𝑲 =
𝒏 (𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆)
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
➢ The population is divided into different
strata or divisions.
 CLUSTER SAMPLING
➢ It is a random sampling wherein population is divided
into clusters or groups and then the clusters are
randomly selected.
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
➢ It is a random sampling wherein the researcher gathers
data from nearby sources of information exerting
minimal effort.
 SNOWBALL SAMPLING
➢ Snowball sampling or chain referral sampling is defined
as a non-probability sampling technique in which the
sample have traits that are rare to find.
 QUOTA SAMPLING
➢ Sample units are picked for convenience but certain quotes are
given to interviews.
➢ This design is specially used in market research. Researchers
choose these individuals according to specific traits or qualities.
VOLUNTEER SAMPLING
➢ Sample units are volunteers in studies wherein the
measuring process is painful or troublesome to a
respondent.
 PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
➢ Participants are chosen “on purpose” not randomly.
➢ It is also known as judgmental sampling or selective
sampling.
MULTISTAGE SAMPLING
➢ Combination of different sampling techniques.
SIMPLE RANDOM The teacher writes all the names of the students in a piece of
SAMPLING paper and puts in a box for the graded recitation.

SYSTEMATIC RANDOM A barangay health worker ask every four household in the
SAMPLING village for the ages of children living in those households.

CLUSTER The people in a certain seminar are all members of two of five
SAMPLING groups are asked what they think about the President.

SYSTEMATIC RANDOM The teacher gets the class record and call every 3rd name on the
SAMPLING
list.

There are 20 toddlers, 40 teenagers, 45 middle aged, and 55

STRATIFIED RANDOM
SAMPLING senior citizens in a certain area. Samples are taken according to
the total number of people in the area.
 Assignment…
▪ If you were a researcher and wanted to
conduct a research within your Barangay,
what would it be? Why?

▪ What sampling technique are you going

to use? Why?
 Chapter 2.2

COMPUTING PARAMETER
&
STATISTIC
 PARAMETER STATISTIC
➢The measurement of ➢The measurement of
quantity that describes the quantity that describes the
population. sample.
Examples: Examples:
1. There are 305 doctors in this 1. The researchers interviewed 70%
hospital. of the covid-19 survivors.
2. 50% of the people living in the U.S
2. The researchers interviewed all
agree with the latest health care
the students of a school for their
proposal.
apparel brand.
3. Average number of students.
3. The number of students enrolled at 4. The average weekly income for all
the college is 15,000. students is Php 1, 500.00
 COMPUTING PARAMETER
POPULATION MEAN POPULATION VARIANCE
σ𝒙 𝟐
σ (𝒙 − 𝝁)
𝟐

𝝁= 𝝈 =
𝑵
𝑵
where: 𝝁 = population mean POPULATION STANDARD DEVIATION
σ 𝒙 = sum of the measure𝒔
𝑵 = number of elements in the population
𝟐
σ(𝒙 − 𝝁)
𝝈=
𝑵
COMPUTING PARAMETER Solution:
EXAMPLE: • Compute the population mean
Below are scores in General σ𝒙
Mathematics of Grade 11 Marx during the 𝝁=
𝑵
Summative Test. Compute the population 𝟑𝟕 + 𝟑𝟏 + 𝟐𝟕 + 𝟒𝟑 + 𝟐𝟔 + 𝟐𝟗 + 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟑𝟖 +
mean, population variance, and 𝝁= 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟒𝟖
𝟏𝟎
population standard deviation.
𝟑𝟕𝟒
37 29 𝝁=
𝟏𝟎
31 45
𝝁 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟒
27 38
43 50 ∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝟏𝟏 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒙
𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒓 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒔 𝒊𝒔 𝟑𝟕. 𝟒
26 48
 COMPUTING STATISTIC
SAMPLE MEAN SAMPLE VARIANCE
σ𝒙 σ(𝒙 − ഥ
𝒙 )
𝟐
ഥ=
𝒙 𝟐
𝒔 =
𝒏 𝒏−𝟏
where: 𝒙
ഥ = sample mean SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION
σ 𝒙 = summation of x (sum of the measures)
𝒏 = number of elements in the sample
𝟐
σ(𝒙 − 𝒙
ഥ)
𝒔=
𝒏−𝟏
COMPUTING STATISTIC Solution:
• Compute the sample mean
EXAMPLE:
Below are scores in General σ𝒙
Mathematics of Grade 11 Marx during the ഥ=
𝒙
Summative Test. Suppose we randomly select 𝒏
5 data out of 10 in the population. Compute 𝟑𝟕 + 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟐𝟕 + 𝟐𝟔
the sample mean, sample variance, and ഥ=
𝒙
sample standard deviation. 𝟓
𝟏𝟖𝟓
37 29 ഥ =
𝒙
𝟓
31 45 27 ഥ = 𝟑𝟕
𝒙
38 43
∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟓 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎
50 26 48 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝟏𝟏 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒙 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒓 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍
𝑴𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒔 𝒊𝒔 𝟑𝟕
 ഥ = 𝟑𝟕
Solution: 𝒙
• Compute the sample variance • Compute the sample standard deviation
σ 𝒙−𝒙
ഥ 𝟐
𝟐
𝒔 = 𝟐
𝒏−𝟏 𝟐
σ(𝒙 − 𝒙
ഥ)
𝒙 ഥ
𝒙 − 𝒙 ഥ
𝒙−𝒙 𝒔=
𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝒏−𝟏
𝟐
𝒔 = 𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝟓−𝟏
𝟐𝟕 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟓𝟒
𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝒔=
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟕 𝟎 𝟎 𝟓−𝟏
𝟒
𝟒𝟓 −𝟖 𝟔𝟒
𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝟒𝟓𝟒
𝟐
𝒔 = 𝟓𝟎 −𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝟗 𝒔=
𝟒 𝟒
ഥ
෍ 𝒙−𝒙 𝟐
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟓 𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝒔= 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟓
𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟓
TEST YOURSELF
The following are the scores of students in their quiz:
89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 97
❑ Compute the population mean (𝝁).
❑ Compute the population variance 𝝈𝟐 .
❑ Compute the population standard deviation (𝝈).

The following are the five scores of the students above in that
are randomly selected:
90, 91, 89, 97, 95
❑ Compute the sample mean (ഥ𝒙).
❑ Compute the sample variance 𝒔𝟐 .
❑ Compute the sample standard deviation (𝒔).
 Chapter 2.2

SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE
SAMPLE MEAN
 SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE
SAMPLE MEANS
➢A sampling distribution of sample means is a frequency
distribution using the means computed from all the possible
random samples of a specific time taken from a population.
➢The means of the samples are less than or greater than the
mean of the population.
SAMPLING
➢The ERRORS
difference between the sample mean and the
population.
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING THE SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION OF THE MEANS
1. Determine the number of sets of all possible random
samples that can be drawn from the given population by using
the formula 𝑵𝑪𝒏 where N is the population size and n is the
sample size.
2. List all the possible samples and compute the mean of each
sample.

3. Construct the sampling distribution.

EXAMPLE SOLUTION
: : the number of
1. Determine sets of all possible
A population random samples that can be drawn from the
given population by using the formula 𝑵𝑪𝒏
consists of the where N is the population size and n is the
numbers 2, 4, 9, 10, sample size.
𝑵!
and 5. Let us list all 𝑵𝑪𝒏 =
𝒏! 𝑵 − 𝒏 !
the possible sample 𝟓!
size of 3 from this 𝟓𝑪𝟑 = 𝟓𝑪𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑! 𝟓 − 𝟑 !
population and 𝟓 ∙ 𝟒 ∙ 𝟑!
𝟓𝑪𝟑 = There are 10 possible
compute the mean of 𝟑! 𝟐! samples of size 3 that
𝟐𝟎
each sample. 𝟓𝑪𝟑 =
can be drawn from the
given data.
𝟐
EXAMPLE SOLUTION
: :
2. List all the possible samples and compute the
A population mean of each sample.

consists of the 2 4 9 10 5
numbers 2, 4, 9, 10, SAMPLE MEAN
2, 4, 9 5
and 5. Let us list all 2, 4, 10 5.33
the possible sample 2, 4, 5 3.67
2, 9, 10 7
size of 3 from this 2, 9, 5 5.33
population and 2, 10, 5 5.67
4, 9, 10 7.67
compute the mean of 4, 9, 5 6
each sample. 4, 10, 5 6.33
9, 10, 5 8
EXAMPLE SOLUTION
: :
3. Construct the sampling distribution.
A population SAMPLE MEAN FREQUENCY PROBABILITY
𝟏
consists of the 3.67 1 𝟏𝟎
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏

𝟏
numbers 2, 4, 9, 10, 5 1 𝟏𝟎
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏

𝟐
and 5. Let us list all 5.33 2 𝟏𝟎
𝟏
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟐

1
the possible sample 5.67
1
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏

6 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏
size of 3 from this 6.33 1
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏
𝟏𝟎
population and 7 1
𝟏
𝟏𝟎
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏

compute the mean of 7.67 1 𝟏

𝟏𝟎
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏
𝟏
8 1
each sample. 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟏.
TOTAL 10
EXAMPLE SOLUTION
: 1. List all: the possible samples.
Lilia receives 82 or A B C
82
83 as her grade on 82 83 82 82 82
her three major 82 82 82 82 83
83
83 82 83 82
subjects. Construct 82 83 83
the sampling
distribution of her 83 A B C
83 83 83 83
grade. 83
82
83 83 83
82 82
82 83 82 83
83 82 82
EXAMPLE SOLUTION
: : the sample mean
2. Compute
Lilia receives 82 or A B C ഥ
𝒙
83 as her grade on 82 82 82 82
82 82 83 82.33
her three major 83 82
82 82.33
subjects. Construct 82 83 83 82.67
the sampling 83 83 83 82.33
distribution of her 83 83 82 82.67
83 82 83 82.67
grade. 83 82 82 83
EXAMPLE SOLUTION
: :
3. Construct the sampling distribution.
Lilia receives 82 or
PROBABILITY
83 as her grade on MEAN FREQUENCY

her three major 𝟏

82 1 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓
subjects. Construct 𝟖

the sampling 82.33 3 𝟑

𝟖
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓

distribution of her 𝟑
82.67 3 𝟖
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
grade.
𝟏
83 1 𝟖
𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓

TOTAL
 Example 3. A group of students got the
following scores in a test: 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and
21. Consider the sample size of 3 that can be
drawn from this population. Compute the
mean of each sample.
Example 4. A population consists of the five
numbers 3, 5, 8, 11 and 13. Consider sample
size of 2 that can be drawn from this
population. Compute the mean of each
sample.
Example 5. Samples of three cards are drawn
at random from a population of eight cards
numbered from 5 to 12. Compute the mean of
each sample.