CSEC ADD MATHS 2016

SECTION I
Answer BOTH questions.
ALL working must be clearly shown.
1. (a) The domain for the function
f  x  2x  5 is 2, 1, 0, 1.

(i) Determine the range for the function.

SOLUTION:
Data: The domain of the function f  x  2x  5 is 2, 1, 0,
1.
Required To Determine: The range for the function.
Solution:
f  x  2x  5
The domain is 2, 1, 0, 1.
x f  x
2 9
1 7
0 5
1 3

f  x  3 and f  x  9.
Hence, the range of f  x 9 f  x  3.
is 
(ii) Find
f 1  x.

SOLUTION:
Required To Find: f 1 x
 
Solution:
f  x  2x  5
Let y  2x  5
2x  5  y
2x  y  5
y5
x 2
Replace y by x:
x5 1
f 1  x   x  5
2
or
2

(iii) Sketch the graphs of

f  x f 1  x on the same axes.
and

SOLUTION:
Required To Sketch: The graphs of f x
  f 1  x on the same axes.
Solution: and

(iv) Comment of the relationship between the two graphs.

SOLUTION:
Required To Comment: On the relationship between the graph of f  x

and the graph of f 1  x.

Solution:
 Reflection

f x in thelineyxf 1 x

(b) Solve the equation 22x  1  5 2x    3  0.
SOLUTION:
 
Data: 22x  1  5 2x  3  0
Required To Solve: For x.
Solution:
22x  1  5  2 x   3  0

22x  2  52x   3 
0

2 2x   52x   3 
2

0
Let t  2x
2t2  5t  3 10
t  or 
2
3
Hence,
1 2x  3
2x 
2 Taking lg:
lg 2x  lg3 which has no
2x  21
Equating indices: real
x  1 values.
 x  1
only.
h
 
(c) (i) Given that T  kp c  , make c the subject of the formula.

SOLUTION:
h

Data: T  kpc 
Required To Make: c the subject of the formula.
Solution:
 h 
c
 
T  kp 
Taking lg:
 h 
lgT  lg kpc 
 
 h
lg T  lg k  lg p c
h
lg T  lg k  lg p

 
c
h
lg p  lg T  lg k

 
c
h lg T  lg k

c lg p
c lg p
h  lg T  lg
k
c
lg hTlg plg
k
c
lg pTh
lg  
k

(ii) Solve the equation log x 1  log x 1  2log x 
2.

SOLUTION:
Data: log x 1  log x 1  2log x  2
Required To Find: x
Solution:
log x  1  log  x  1  2 log  x
 2

log x  1  x  1  log  x  2

2

Remove log:
 x  1  x  1   x  2
2

x2  1  x2  4x  4
5
x
4
5  5 
NOTE: However, if x   then log x  1  log   1 , which is the
 
4 4
 
log of a negative number, which does not exist. Realistically, the question
has no real solutions.
2. (a) (i) Determine the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation
2x 2  3x  9  0.

SOLUTION:
Data: 2x 2  3x  9  0
Required To Determine: The nature of the roots of the quadratic
equation.
Solution:
2x 2  3x  9  0 is of the form ax2  bx  c  0 , where a  2 , b  3 and
c  9 .

b2  3
2

9

4ac  4  2  9 
 72

b2  4ac and so, the roots are real and distinct (different).

(ii) Given that

f  x   2x2  3x  9, sketch the graph of the quadratic
function, clearly indicating the minimum value.

SOLUTION:
Data: f  x   2x2  3x  9
Required To Sketch: The graph of f  x.
Solution:
Calculating the x – intercepts of f  x:
f  x  0
2x 2  3x  9  0
 2x  3  x  3  0
x  1 1 or  3
2  1 
 f x cuts the x – axis at 1 , 0 and 3, 0.
 
2
 

Calculating the coordinates of the minimum turning point of f  x:

f  x is a quadratic function.
  3
The axis of symmetry is x3 
4
2
2

The coefficient of
x2  0 and so f  x has a minimum turning point.
Hence, the y – coordinate of the minimum turning point is
𝑓 "− $& = 2 "− $ )
+ 3 "− & − 9
$
% %& %
= −10 /
0
The minimum turning point is "−%$ , − 100
/
&.
OR

f  x  2x2  3x  9
f  x  2 2x  3
 4x  3
A stationary point occurs when f   x  
0 . Let 4x  3  0
3
x
4
)
𝑓 "− $& = 2 "− $& + 3 "− $& −
% % %
9 = −10 0
/

The stationary point is "− $ , − 10

/
% 0
&.
f   x  4 
0
Hence, "− $%, − 10 /0& is a minimum point.
 25
(b) Evaluate 3
1
n
.

SOLUTION:
25
Required To Evaluate: 3n
1
Solution:
When n  1  3n  31 
1 3
n 2
1
When n  2  3  3 
32
1
When n  3  3n  33  and so on.
3
3
25
1 1 1 1
3n     ... 
1 3 32 33 325
1 11 11 24
3 3 2 3      ... 1  1
  33 33

1 1
This is a geometric progression with first term, a  , common and
ratio, 3
3
number of terms n  25  1  1  25 .

a 1  rn 
Sn  for r  1
1
r
 1 1 )4
51 − " & 6
3 3
∴ 𝑆)4 =
1
1−3
1 1 )4
= 51 − 7 8 6
2 3

(c) A man invested $x in a company in January 2010, on which he earns quarterly

dividends. At the end of the second, third and fourth quarter in 2011, he earned
$100, $115 and $130 respectively. Calculate the total dividends on his investment
by the end of 2016.

SOLUTION:
Data: A man invested $x in a company in January 2010 and earns quarterly
dividends. At the end of the second, third and fourth quarter in 2011, he earned
$100, $115 and $130 respectively.
Required To Calculate: The total dividends on his investment by the end of
2016.
Calculation:

Year 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter …

2011 $100 $115 $130 …

This is in an arithmetic progression with common difference,

d  $115  $100  $15 .
From January 2010 to the end of 2016, there are 7 × 4 = 28 quarters.
The investor earns from the first quarter of 2010 to the last quarter of 2016, for
which there are 28 quarters earning dividends.
In the AP of 28 terms, 100 is therefore the sixth term.
Tn = a + (n-1)d
100= a + (6-1) × 15
a = 25

Hence, in the AP, a = 25, d =15 and n = 28

𝑆: = : {2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑}
)

𝑆)0 = )0) [2 × 25 + 27𝑑]

𝑆)0 = 14(50 + 405) = $6370

 SECTION II
Answer BOTH questions.
ALL working must be clearly shown.
3. (a) (i) The points
M 3, 2 and N 1, 4 are the ends of a diameter of circle C.
Determine the equation of circle C.

SOLUTION:
Data: The points M 3, 2 and N 1, 4 are the ends of a diameter of
 
circle C.

Required To Determine: The equation of the circle, C.

Solution:  1  3 4  2 
The coordinates of the centre will be ,  1, 3 .
 
2 2
 

3  1  2  4
2 2
The length of the diameter 

4  2
2 2

 20
 2 5 units

The length of the radius is

2 5 5 units.
2 

 x  1   y  3
2 2
The equation of the circle is

2
5 or
 
x  2x 1  y2  6 y  9  5  0 which reduces
2

to
x2  y2  2x  6 y  5  0 .

(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle C at the point
P 1, 6 .
SOLUTION:
Required To Find: The equation of the tangent to C at the point
P 1, 6 .
Solution:
Let the centre of the circle by X.
The gradient of the
radius XN  3  4
1  1
1

2

The gradient of the tangent at

1
N
1
2
2

NOTE: The point 1, 4 lies on the circle. Hence, it is impossible that
1, 6 lies on the circle and a tangent could never be drawn at the point
1, 6.
Alternative Method:
Centre of circle is  g,  f   1, 3  g  1 f  3
and
The point at which the tangent is drawn is  x, y  1, 4.
The gradient of the  x  g
tangent 
 y f
 1  1
 4  3
2
1
2

Using P as 1, 4
Equation of the tangent at 1, 4 is
y4
2
x  1
y  4  2  x  1
y  4  2x  2
y  2x  6
(b) The position vector of two points
1  A and B, relative
3 to a fixed origin, O, are a and
b respectively, where a  and b  . P lies AB such that
on
   
2 5
   
1
PB  AB . Find the coordinates of OP .
4

SOLUTION:
1
Data: The position vectors of two points A and B are a  and b 
   
2 5
1
respectively. P lies on AB such that PB  AB .
4

Required To Find: The coordinates of OP .

Solution:
AB  AO  OB
1 
     
3 2  5 
 4
  3
1 4 
PB 
 3
4
 
 1 
 3
 
 4
 OP  OB 
BP
 1 
 3
  5    3 
 
 4
 3  1
  
 5  3
 4
 2 
  
 4 1
 4
The
of coordinates  1
P  2, 4 .
 
4
 

4. (a) The following diagram (not drawn to scale) shows two sectors, AOB and DOC.
OB and OC are x cm and  x  2 cm respectively and angle AOB   .

If  
2 radians, calculate the area of the shaded region in terms of x.

SOLUTION:
Data:
 Diagram showing two sectors AOB and DOC with OB and OC are x cm a  x  2
cm respectively and
AOB    radians.
2
9
Required To Calculate: The area of the shaded region, in terms of x.
Calculation:
The area of the sector 1 2  2 
AOB   x cm2
 
2 9
 
2 x2 cm
2
 2 9
 x2
cm 2
 9
1 2  2 
The area of the sector DOC   x  2 cm2
 
2 9
 
  x  2
2

 cm 2
9

 x  2 2
Hence, the area of the shaded region     x2
9 9


9
 x  2  x2  cm2
2


  4x  4 cm2
9

(b) Given that cos 30 3 2

and sin 45 , without the use of a calculator,
 2

2
evaluate cos105 , in surd form, giving your answer in the simplest terms.
 SOLUTION:
3 2
Data: cos 30 and sin 45  .
 2 2
Required To Calculate: cos105 , in surd form, without the use of a calculator.
Calculation:
3
cos 30 
2
cos 60  cos 2
30
 2 cos 2
 
 3 30
 2 
 3 
3
 
2
1
1
2

cos105  cos60  45

 cos 60cos 45  sin 60sin
45
2   3  2 
 1 
  2  2   2  2

    
2 3 2

4



2 1 3 
4



2 1 3 
2 2 2
1 3
 2 2

sin   
(c) Prove that the identity  tan  tan .
cos cos
SOLUTION:
sin   
Required To Prove:  tan  tan
cos cos
Proof:

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Consider the left-hand side:
sin     sin cos  cos sin

cos cos cos cos
sin cos
 cos cos  cos sin
cos cos
sin sin
 
cos cos
 tan  tan 
Q.E.D.
 SECTION III
Answer BOTH questions.
ALL working must be clearly shown.

5. (a) Find dy
given that y  5x2  4 , simplifying your answer.
dx

SOLUTION:
Differentiating implicitly wrt x:
Data: y  5x2  4
dy
Required To Find:
dx
Solution:
y  5x2  4
dt
Let t  5x2  4   2 5x 
dx
10x 1
dy 1 1  1 1  21 1
So y  t  t 2   t  t 
dt 2 2 2 2 t
dy dy dt
dx  dt  dx
1
 10x
2 t
5x
 t
Recall: t  5x2 
dy 45x
dx  5x2  4

Alternative Method:
y  5x2  4
 y2  5x2  2
dy
2y  10x
dx
dy 10x
dx  2 y

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 dy 5x
dx  y
dy 5x
dx  5x2  4

(b) The point

P 1, 8 lies on the curve with y  2x  x 1 . Determine the
2

equation
equation of the normal to the curve at the point P.

SOLUTION:
Data: P 1, 8 lies on the y  2x  x 1 .
2
 
curve
Required To Find: The equation of the normal to the curve at P.
Solution:
y  2x  x  1
2

y  2x  x 2  2x  1
y  2x 3  4x 2  2x

Gradient function, dy
 2 3x2  4  2x   2
dx
 6x2  8x  2

The gradient of the tangent at

P  61  81  2
2

682
 16

The gradient of the normal at P   1

16
(The product of the gradients of perpendicular lines  1)

The equation of the normal at P is

y8 1
x  1   16
16  y  8  1 x  1
16 y  128   x  1
x  16 y  129  0

(c) Obtain the equation for EACH of the two tangents drawn to the curve
y  x2 at
the points where y  16.
 SOLUTION:
Data: Equation of a curve is y  x2 .
Required To Find: The equation of the two tangents at y  16.
Solution:
When y  16
16  x2
x   16
x  4

The two points where the tangent exist

at y  16 are 4, 16 and 4, 16.

Gradient function, dy
dy
 2x
Gradient at x  4 is
dx dx  2
4 8 Gradient at x  4 is
dy
2
The equation of the tangent at x  dx
4 4  8
y  16 The equation of the tangent at
 x  4 is
x4
𝑦 − 16
y  16  x  32 = −8
𝑥 − (−4)
y  8x 
16 𝑦 − 16 = −8(𝑥 + 4)
𝑦 − 16 = −8𝑥 − 32
𝑦 = −8𝑥 − 16
6. (a) (i) Find
 3cos  5sin  d
SOLUTION:
Required To Find:  3cos  5sin  d
Solution:

 3cos  5sin  d  3 cos d  5sin d

 3sin   5  cos    C (C is a constant)
 3sin  5cos  C

(ii) Evaluate 32  3  2x3 dx.
 1  x2 
 

SOLUTION:
 Required To Evaluate: 2 
3
 3  2x 3 dx
1  2 
x
 
Solution: 
dx   2x 2  3  2x 3  dx
3
3  2  3  2x 3
 1  x2  1
 
3x
  2
2  1 3 3
2x  1   2x  C
1
13 
 1
(where C is a constant)
3
 2 x4 
   3x  C
x 2
 1
 2 3   2
4
 1 
4

   33      31  
 32

2
81  
1
1
2 

  9  2  3 
 3 2   2 

1
 35
3

(b) The following figure shows the finite region R bounded by the lines x  1 x  2
,
and the arc of the curve y   x  22  5.

Calculate the area of the region R.

SOLUTION:
Data:
 The equation of the curve is
y   x  2  5.
2

Required To Calculate: The area of R.

Calculation:
The area of x2
R
 y dx1

2
   x  2  5 dx
2
x 1

   x  4x  4  5 dx
2
2
1

 1  x 2  4x  9 dx
2

 x3 
  2 
 2x 9x C  (where C is a constant)
3

 13 

23
 2  2  9  2      2 1  9 1
2 2

 3   3 
2 1
 2  8  18   2  9
3 3
1
 5 square units
3

(c) The point

P 1, 2 lies on the curve which has a gradient function given by
dy
 3x2  6x . Find the equation of the curve.
dx

SOLUTION:
Data: function
P 1, 2 lies on the curve with gradient
dy dx
 3x2  6x .
Required To Find: The equation of the curve.
Solution:
The equation of a curve is dy
y
 dx dx
y   3x2  6x  dx
3x3 6x2
y   C (where C is a constant)
3 2
y  x3  3x2  C

P 1, 2 lies on the

curve.
2 = (1)$ − 3(1)) + 𝐶
2= 1−3+𝐶
𝐶=4

The equation of the curve is 𝑦 = 𝑥$ − 3𝑥) + 4.

 SECTION IV
Answer only ONE question.
ALL working must be clearly shown.

7. (a) Use the data set provided below to answer the questions which follow.

15 16 18 18 20 21 22 22
22 25 28 30 30 32 35 40
41 52 54 59 60 65 68 75

(i) Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram to represent the data given.

SOLUTION:
Data:
15 16 18 18 20 21 22 22
22 25 28 30 30 32 35 40
41 52 54 59 60 65 68 75

Required To Construct: A stem-and-leaf diagram for the data.

Solution:
Stem Leaf
1 5 6 8 8
2 0 1 2 2 2 5 8
3 0 0 2 5
4 0 1
5 2 4 9
6 0 5 8
7 5

Key
6|3 = 63
Leaf unit = 1
Stem unit = 10
(ii) State an advantage of using the stem-and-leaf diagram to represent the
given data.

SOLUTION:
Required To State: An advantage of using the stem-and-leaf diagram to
represent data.
Solution:
 In the stem-and-leaf diagram the data is arranged compactly and the stem
is not repeated for multiple data values.

(iii) Determine the mode.

SOLUTION:
Required To Determine: The mode of the data set.
Solution:
The mode is 22 since this score occurs more than any other score.

(iv) Determine the median.

SOLUTION:
Required To Determine: The median of the data set.
Solution:
There are 24 values.
12th value is 30.
13th value is 30.

30  30
The median is 
2

(v) Determine the interquartile range.

SOLUTION:
Required To Determine: The interquartile range of the data set.
Solution:
1
of 24 is 6.
4
The 6th value, Q1 is 21.

3
of 24 is 18.
4
The 18th value, Q3 
52.
The interquartile range  Q3  Q1
 52  21
 31

(b) Two events, A and B, are such that

P  A  P B  0.8 P  A  B  0.9.
0.5, and

(i) Determine
P  A  B.
 SOLUTION:
Data: P  A  P B  0.8 P  A  B  0.9
0.5, and
Required To Calculate: P  A  B
Calculation:

P  A  B  P  A  P B  P  (De Morgan’s Law)

A  B
P  A  B  P  A  P  B   P  A
 B
 0.5  0.8  0.9
 0.4 (as illustrated)

(ii) Determine
P  A | B.

SOLUTION:
Required To Find: P  A | B
Solution:
P  A  B
P  A | B 
P B
0.4 
 0.8
 0.5

(iii) State, giving a reason, whether or not A and B are independent events.

SOLUTION:
Required To State: Whether or not A and B are independent events.
Solution:
Independent events have to no effect on subsequent events.
If A and B are independent events then
P  A  B  P  A  P B
That is, 0.4  0.5  0.8
0.4  0.4 which is true.
A and B are independent events.
 (c) A bag contains 3 red balls, 4 black balls and 3 yellow balls. Three balls are drawn
at random with replacement from the bag. Find the probability that the balls
drawn are all of the same colour.

SOLUTION:
Data: A bag contains 3 red balls, 4 black balls and 3 yellow balls. Three balls are
drawn at random from the bag, with replacement.
Required To Calculate: The probability that all three balls drawn are of the same
colour.
Calculation:

Let R be the event a red ball is chosen.

Let B be the event a black ball is chosen.
Let Y be the event a yellow ball is
chosen.

Total number of balls  3  4  3

 10

P Balls are of the same colour

 P  R & R & R or P  B & B & B or P Y &Y &Y 
 3 4
 3 3   4 3 3 3
 4     
     
 10 10 10   10 10 10   10 10 10
27 64  27
 1000  1000  1000

118
 1000

59
 500

8. (a) A motorist starts from a point, X, and travels 100 m due North to a point Y, at a
constant speed of 5 ms-1. He stays at Y for 40 seconds and then travels at a
constant speed of 10 ms-1 for 200 m due South to a point Z.
(i) On the following grid, draw a displacement-time graph to display this
information.

SOLUTION:
Data: A motorist starts from a point, X, and travels 100 m due North to a
point Y, at a constant speed of 5 ms-1. He stays at Y for 40 seconds and
then travels at a constant speed of 10 ms-1 for 200 m due South to a point
Z.
Required To Draw: A displacement-time graph to display this
information.
Solution:
Total distance
Time taken to travel from X to Y 
Speed
100 m
 5 ms-1
 20 s
(Straight line indicates constant speed)

Stopping at Y for 40 seconds is indicated by a horizontal branch.

 Time taken to travel from Y to
Total distance
Z Speed
200 m
 10 ms-1
 20 s
(Straight line indicates constant speed)

(ii) Calculate the average speed for the whole journey.

SOLUTION:
Required To Calculate: The average speed for the whole journey.
Calculation:
Average speed Total distance covered
 Total time taken
 100  200
 20  40  20
300 m
 80 s

 3 3 ms-1
4
(iii) Calculate the average velocity of the whole journey.

SOLUTION:
Required To Calculate: The average velocity of the whole journey.
Calculation:
Displacement from X to Y  100 m
Displacement from Y to Z  200 m
Total displacement
Average velocity  Total time taken

100  200 -1
 20  40  20 ms

100 -1
 80 ms
5
  ms-1
4

(b) A particle starting from rest, travels in a straight line with an acceleration, a ,
given by a  cos where t is the time in seconds.
t

(i) Find the velocity of the particle in terms of t.

SOLUTION:
Data: The acceleration, a, of a particle is a  cos t ms-2 .
Required To Find: The velocity of the particle in terms of t.
Solution:
Let the velocity at time t by v.
v   a dt

v   cos t dt
v  sin t  C (where C is a constant)

When t  0 , v  (from data)

0
0  sin0  C
C0
The velocity of the particle, v  sin t ms-1.
(ii) Calculate the displacement of the particle in the interval of time t   to
t  2 .

SOLUTION:
Required To Calculate: The displacement of the particle during t   to
t  2 .
Calculation:
Let the displacement at time t be s.
s   v dt

s  sin t dt
s  cos t  K (where K is a constant)

s  0 when t  0
0   cos0  k
0  1  K
K 1

s  1  cos t
When 𝑡 = 𝜋 ⇒ 𝑠 = 1 − cos(𝜋) = 1 − (−1) = 2
When t  2  s  1 cos2   11  0

Hence, the displacement from t   to t  2 is (0 − 2) = −2 units.