0% found this document useful (0 votes)
43 views30 pages

Intro To QP

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
43 views30 pages

Intro To QP

Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Introduction to

Quantum programming

Marco Armenta
CMAI
February 1st 2022
Outline

1. Circuit composer
2. Dirac notation
3. One-qubit gates {X,Z,H}
4. Two-qubits gates {CNOT}
5. Entanglement
6. Quantum Enigmas
Outline

1. Circuit composer
2. Dirac notation
3. One-qubit gates {X,Z,H}
4. Two-qubits gates {CNOT}
5. Entanglement
6. Quantum Enigmas
The Dirac notation
1 qubit state

{
<latexit sha1_base64="DXImHsBRCkfk8lmq04/nMW2I8Gk=">AAAB6XicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0lE0WPBi8cq9gPaUDbbTbt0swm7E6GE/gMvHhTx6j/y5r9xm+agrQ8GHu/NMDMvSKQw6LrfTmltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61TZxqxlsslrHuBtRwKRRvoUDJu4nmNAok7wST27nfeeLaiFg94jThfkRHSoSCUbTSQz8bVGtu3c1BVolXkBoUaA6qX/1hzNKIK2SSGtPz3AT9jGoUTPJZpZ8anlA2oSPes1TRiBs/yy+dkTOrDEkYa1sKSa7+nshoZMw0CmxnRHFslr25+J/XSzG88TOhkhS5YotFYSoJxmT+NhkKzRnKqSWUaWFvJWxMNWVow6nYELzll1dJ+6LuXdXd+8taQxRxlOEETuEcPLiGBtxBE1rAIIRneIU3Z+K8OO/Ox6K15BQzx/AHzucPqJGNkA==</latexit>

|1i 2
<latexit sha1_base64="6VkudgTKnuIvzKTvWgDiMD55hdk=">AAACDXicbVC7SgNBFJ2Nrxhfq5Y2g1GwCrtB0UYI2FhJBPOA7LrcnUySIbOzy8ysEDb5ARt/xcZCEVt7O//GyaPQxAMDh3PuvXPvCRPOlHacbyu3tLyyupZfL2xsbm3v2Lt7dRWnktAaiXksmyEoypmgNc00p81EUohCThth/2rsNx6oVCwWd3qQUD+CrmAdRkAbKbCPvAh0jwDPqqMgGzqeBNHldIQv8dADnvRgeF8O7KJTcibAi8SdkSKaoRrYX147JmlEhSYclGq5TqL9DKRmxAwveKmiCZA+dGnLUAERVX42uWaEj43Sxp1Ymic0nqi/OzKIlBpEoakc767mvbH4n9dKdefCz5hIUk0FmX7USTnWMR5Hg9tMUqL5wBAgkpldMemBBKJNgAUTgjt/8iKpl0vuWcm5PS1WbmZx5NEBOkQnyEXnqIKuURXVEEGP6Bm9ojfryXqx3q2PaWnOmvXsoz+wPn8Aiseb4A==</latexit>

|0i P|0i = |↵|


|1i
|0i
|1i 2
<latexit sha1_base64="aizQdvJORAESXTNbuFyRh/OX/Nk=">AAACDHicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPVVdelmsAiuSlIU3QgFN66kgn1AE8vNdNIOnUzCzEQoaT/Ajb/ixoUibv0Ad/6NkzYLbT0wcDj33Dv3Hj/mTGnb/raWlldW19YLG8XNre2d3dLeflNFiSS0QSIeybYPinImaEMzzWk7lhRCn9OWP7zK6q0HKhWLxJ0exdQLoS9YwAhoI3VLZTcEPSDA0/qkm44dV4LoczrBl3js+lTD+L5qXHbFngIvEicnZZSj3i19ub2IJCEVmnBQquPYsfZSkJoRM7voJorGQIbQpx1DBYRUeen0mAk+NkoPB5E0T2g8VX93pBAqNQp948xWV/O1TPyv1kl0cOGlTMSJpoLMPgoSjnWEs2Rwj0lKNB8ZAkQysysmA5BAtMmvaEJw5k9eJM1qxTmr2Len5dpNHkcBHaIjdIIcdI5q6BrVUQMR9Iie0St6s56sF+vd+phZl6y85wD9gfX5A7jMm20=</latexit>

|0i P|1i = | |
| i = ↵ |0i + |1i
<latexit sha1_base64="wqdY8CQbMnb8DfdWxz75LYAe/t4=">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</latexit>

2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="Y6CS6uGS9eWUbUXfX0VEqezbMTQ=">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</latexit>

|↵| + | | = 1

Examples :
1 1 1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="DoOZIRrsyHQ3MBRxKxXq2+/8aAk=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="xeodzo7NN9JsJAyY1znscO2ZMI4=">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</latexit>

| i = 1|0i + 0|1i | i = p |0i + p |1i | i = p |0i p |1i


<latexit sha1_base64="dzJEk4vhhFJ146mRgSKHAmGVw4o=">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</latexit>

2 2 2 2
Outline

1. Circuit composer
2. Dirac notation
3. One-qubit gates {X,Z,H}
4. Two-qubits gates {CNOT}
5. Entanglement
6. Quantum Enigmas
X Gate

X X
|1i |1i |1i
|0i |0i |0i

1 |0i + 0 |1i 0 |0i + 1 |1i 1 |0i + 0 |1i


<latexit sha1_base64="JbmEohq2xitoEwmXZ7dOz5NYhbU=">AAADT3icjVLdStxAGD2brXVda7vaS2+CiyAUlkRa9FLwpr1bwVXBFUniuIbNJmEyKS4hj+LTeGsveukb6BN4VzwzjOAPWickOXO+7zszZ+YL8yQulOddN5zmh5mPs6259vynhc9fOotLe0VWykgMoizJ5EEYFCKJUzFQsUrEQS5FMAkTsR+Ot3V8/7eQRZylu2qai6NJMErj0zgKFKnjzsZQiXNldKowKUVd+fVwLFTl1e4391FwJINpTdYE/fq40/V6nhnuS+Bb0IUd/WyxAQxxggwRSkwgkEIRJwhQ8DmEDw85uSNU5CRRbOICNdqsLZklmBGQHfM74uzQsinnWrMw1RFXSfhKVrpYZU3GPEmsV3NNvDTKmn1NuzKaem9T/kOrNSGrcEb2f3UPme+t014UTrFpPMT0lBtGu4usSmlORe/cfeRKUSEnp/EJ45I4MpUP5+yamsJ412cbmPiNydSsnkc2t8Ttm+5yupgyom+neONuKpw/uYk2e8Z/3iEvwd56z//R83a+d7d+2e5pYRkrWGOHbGALP9HHgMoXuMQV/jh/nTvnX9OmOg0LvuLJaM7dA5a6tsk=</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="t8jtYoQCuNIDM6JzhXftSAp/zu8=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="JbmEohq2xitoEwmXZ7dOz5NYhbU=">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</latexit>

https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/operations-glossary#x-gate
H Gate

H H
|1i |1i |1i
|0i |0i |0i

1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="eJr3pxnjcI7U+GCjkno9Nv/N5R8=">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</latexit>

1 |0i + 0 |1i p |0i + p |1i 1 |0i + 0 |1i


<latexit sha1_base64="JbmEohq2xitoEwmXZ7dOz5NYhbU=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="JbmEohq2xitoEwmXZ7dOz5NYhbU=">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</latexit>

2 2

https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/operations-glossary#h-gate
H Gate

H H
|1i |1i |1i
|0i |0i |0i

1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="71NSIZJ76m8mECBNonJKntfwvLo=">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</latexit>

0 |0i + 1 |1i p |0i p |1i 0 |0i + 1 |1i


<latexit sha1_base64="t8jtYoQCuNIDM6JzhXftSAp/zu8=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="t8jtYoQCuNIDM6JzhXftSAp/zu8=">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</latexit>

2 2

https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/operations-glossary#h-gate
Z Gate

Z Z
|1i |1i |1i
|0i |0i |0i

1 |0i + 0 |1i
<latexit sha1_base64="JbmEohq2xitoEwmXZ7dOz5NYhbU=">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</latexit>

1 |0i + 0 |1i 1 |0i + 0 |1i


<latexit sha1_base64="JbmEohq2xitoEwmXZ7dOz5NYhbU=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="JbmEohq2xitoEwmXZ7dOz5NYhbU=">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</latexit>

https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/operations-glossary#z-gate
Z Gate

Z Z
|1i |1i |1i
|0i |0i |0i

<latexit sha1_base64="s3umgKmNxkhGgPnygpkB8GeAU/8=">AAACWHicbVDbSsNAEJ3GS2291froy2IRBKEkouij4IvgSwVbxSaUzXZaFzebsLsRS8y/+Rv6Afqon+C2DWirAwtnzszZM5wwEVwb130tOQuLS8vllUp1dW19Y7O2Ve/oOFUM2ywWsboNqUbBJbYNNwJvE4U0CgXehA/n4/nNIyrNY3ltRgkGER1KPuCMGkv1anf+5I9sqOgod0nRhYKyh/zZ9RWVQ4GzNDn46VPMiTen8gpVr9Zwm+6kyF/gFaABRbV6tQ+/H7M0QmmYoFp3PTcxQUaV4UxgXvVTjYm1oEPsWihphDrIJt452bNMnwxiZZ80ZML+VmQ00noUhXYzouZez8/G5H+zbmoGp0HGZZIalGxqNEgFMTEZB0r6XCEzYmQBZYrbWwm7p4oyY2Ovztg8TW+t2mS8+Rz+gs5h0ztuuldHjbPLIqMV2IFd2AcPTuAMLqAFbWDwAu/wCV+lNwecslOZrjqlQrMNM+XUvwG+HLe2</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="1lf3bA3gwIgnlN33Cbi7JL9rzWA=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="s3umgKmNxkhGgPnygpkB8GeAU/8=">AAACWHicbVDbSsNAEJ3GS2291froy2IRBKEkouij4IvgSwVbxSaUzXZaFzebsLsRS8y/+Rv6Afqon+C2DWirAwtnzszZM5wwEVwb130tOQuLS8vllUp1dW19Y7O2Ve/oOFUM2ywWsboNqUbBJbYNNwJvE4U0CgXehA/n4/nNIyrNY3ltRgkGER1KPuCMGkv1anf+5I9sqOgod0nRhYKyh/zZ9RWVQ4GzNDn46VPMiTen8gpVr9Zwm+6kyF/gFaABRbV6tQ+/H7M0QmmYoFp3PTcxQUaV4UxgXvVTjYm1oEPsWihphDrIJt452bNMnwxiZZ80ZML+VmQ00noUhXYzouZez8/G5H+zbmoGp0HGZZIalGxqNEgFMTEZB0r6XCEzYmQBZYrbWwm7p4oyY2Ovztg8TW+t2mS8+Rz+gs5h0ztuuldHjbPLIqMV2IFd2AcPTuAMLqAFbWDwAu/wCV+lNwecslOZrjqlQrMNM+XUvwG+HLe2</latexit>

0|0i + 1|1i 0|0i + ( 1)|1i 0|0i + 1|1i

https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/operations-glossary#z-gate
Exercise
Can you create these two states?

A) B)
Outline

1. Circuit composer
2. Dirac notation
3. One-qubit gates {X,Z,H}
4. Two-qubits gates {CNOT, SWAP}
5. Entanglement
6. Quantum Enigmas
The Dirac notation
2 qubit state

{
<latexit sha1_base64="DXImHsBRCkfk8lmq04/nMW2I8Gk=">AAAB6XicbVBNS8NAEJ3Ur1q/qh69LBbBU0lE0WPBi8cq9gPaUDbbTbt0swm7E6GE/gMvHhTx6j/y5r9xm+agrQ8GHu/NMDMvSKQw6LrfTmltfWNzq7xd2dnd2z+oHh61TZxqxlsslrHuBtRwKRRvoUDJu4nmNAok7wST27nfeeLaiFg94jThfkRHSoSCUbTSQz8bVGtu3c1BVolXkBoUaA6qX/1hzNKIK2SSGtPz3AT9jGoUTPJZpZ8anlA2oSPes1TRiBs/yy+dkTOrDEkYa1sKSa7+nshoZMw0CmxnRHFslr25+J/XSzG88TOhkhS5YotFYSoJxmT+NhkKzRnKqSWUaWFvJWxMNWVow6nYELzll1dJ+6LuXdXd+8taQxRxlOEETuEcPLiGBtxBE1rAIIRneIU3Z+K8OO/Ox6K15BQzx/AHzucPqJGNkA==</latexit>

|1i |1i <latexit sha1_base64="B/Y+l92qA0P1wj9NQc7jvGmxMIs=">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</latexit>

2
|0i |0i P|00i = |↵|
2 2 2 2
<latexit sha1_base64="mMPAQEjHVhavFGoadQcVWthYZic=">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</latexit>

|↵| + | | + | | + | | = 1
|1i |1i <latexit sha1_base64="Z4R6LRZ1veAvb9J2KulQa1UPB/g=">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</latexit>

2
|0i |0i P|01i = | |
|1i |1i
|0i |0i
|1i |1i <latexit sha1_base64="asY+v4VcWzMwYGA7MGnNUEwuh6w=">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</latexit>

2
|0i |0i P|10i = | | Examples :
| i = ↵ |00i + |01i + |10i + |11i
<latexit sha1_base64="LoX2xtQylD2k2qxRqa9ofGQ2XpQ=">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</latexit>

1 1 1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="Ppfj+LpjiC9SQMHkqipvIx361XM=">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</latexit>

p |00i + p |01i + p |10i + p |11i


|1i |1i <latexit sha1_base64="CUYy+vJB5ZJLNvn+eMvasF1Q+3w=">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</latexit>

2 4 4 4 4
|0i |0i P|11i = | |
1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="XWUZI09qSQ1MP0YchlNh5Sb+jU4=">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</latexit>

p |00i + p |01i + 0 |10i + 0 |11i


2 2
CNOT Gate

The CNOT Gate is a conditional operation, which involves 2 qubits:


• 1 control qubit
• 1 target qubit

If the control qubit is in a state of | 1⟩, an X gate is applied to the


target qubit.

If the control qubit is in a state of | 0⟩, the target qubit remains


unchanged.
CNOT Gate
control
|1i |1i
|0i |0i

target
|1i |1i
|0i |0i

https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/operations-glossary#cx-gate
CNOT Gate
control
|1i |1i
|0i |0i

target
|1i |1i
|0i |0i

https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iqx/operations-glossary#cx-gate
SWAP Gate

The SWAP Gate exchanges the state of two quits.

If the rst qubit is in a state of | 1⟩, and the second qubit is in the
state | 0⟩, the SWAP gate will put the rst qubit in state | 0⟩ and the
second qubit in state | 1⟩.
fi
fi
SWAP Gate

|1i |1i
|0i |0i

|1i |1i
|0i |0i
SWAP Gate

|1i |1i
|0i |0i

|1i |1i
|0i |0i
Outline

1. Circuit composer
2. Dirac notation
3. One-qubit gates {X,Z,H}
4. Two-qubits gates {CNOT}
5. Entanglement
6. Quantum Enigmas
Entanglement
2 steps recipe Entanglement
<latexit sha1_base64="vuhy2h8uJ2zE5+yvBMvx15NQU6M=">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</latexit>

1 1
|00i p |00i + p |11i
<latexit sha1_base64="nfGwG2nrpY3jQHiiHbXgz+lr1DI=">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</latexit>

2 2

Hadamard 0
| i = H0 |00i
<latexit sha1_base64="4xlNxiruweMsH4yaHVhLawHKraY=">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</latexit>

|00i
<latexit sha1_base64="nfGwG2nrpY3jQHiiHbXgz+lr1DI=">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</latexit>

| i = |0i (H0 |0i)


<latexit sha1_base64="75hcKUacfT17WFqNNPA61YjFrFc=">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</latexit>

✓ ◆ <latexit sha1_base64="jqonQbof3YaGCHy8zP4BHYfPZ8Y=">AAADP3icjVJNSx0xFD1Oq7V+vrbLbkIfgiA8ZkSxG0Gwiy5foU8FR2Qm5ml482ZikhEew/yt7v0ZhW77BaV0211v0git4keGmbk5556T3NzkqpDGxvHHqejR4+mZJ7NP5+YXFpeWO8+e75mq1lwMeFVU+iDPjChkKQZW2kIcKC2ycV6I/Xy06/j9C6GNrMr3dqLE0Tg7LeVQ8swSdNzppyNhm1QZ2bJt5idxm6pzO2nSoc54k7RNas61bdbbNtBsjd3CJW173OnGvdgPdjNIQtBFGP2q8wMpTlCBo8YYAiUsxQUyGHoOkSCGIuwIDWGaIul5gRZzpK0pS1BGRuiIvqc0OwxoSXPnabya0yoFvZqUDCukqShPU+xWY56vvbNDb/NuvKfb24T+efAaE2pxRuh9uqvMh+pcLRZDvPY1SKpJecRVx4NL7U/F7Zz9U5UlB0WYi0+I1xRzr7w6Z+Y1xtfuzjbz/Def6VA35yG3xvc7q1NUxYQY1x3jekNXIbne+JvB3nov2ezF7za6O2/CpZjFS7zCKnV+Czt4iz4G5PkBn/AZX6LL6Gv0M/r1NzWaCpoX+G9Ev/8Aai67KA==</latexit>

1 1
| i = |0i p |0i + p |1i
2 2
1 1 CNOT 1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="iDvy54vwPvrj54IQ0q8y0gky7IY=">AAADM3icjVJdS9xAFD1Gq+tH7aqPvgQXQRCWRFr0RVioDz5uwVVhs0gyzm6HzSbpzERYQv6Q7/6Pvtq+iQ8K9T94Z4yglW2dkOTOOfecmTt3oiwWSnve9ZQzPfNhdq42v7C49HH5U31l9ViluWS8w9I4ladRqHgsEt7RQsf8NJM8HEUxP4mGXw1/csGlEmlypMcZ743CQSL6goWaoLP6QTDkuggyJUp33w36MmSFXxaB+iF1sVOWlva80t2eSPrlWb3hNT073LeBXwUNVKOd1v8gwDlSMOQYgSOBpjhGCEVPFz48ZIT1UBAmKRKW5yixQNqcsjhlhIQO6TugWbdCE5obT2XVjFaJ6ZWkdLFJmpTyJMVmNdfyuXU26CTvwnqavY3pH1VeI0I1vhP6P91z5nt1phaNPvZsDYJqyixiqmOVS25PxezcfVGVJoeMMBOfEy8pZlb5fM6u1Shbuznb0PJ3NtOgZs6q3Bz3/6wuoyrGxJjuKNMbugr+341/GxzvNP0vTe/b50broLoUNaxjA1vU+V20cIg2OuR5iZ+4xi/nyvnt3Di3T6nOVKVZw6vhPDwCG3q1Jg==</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="1wtCh7rO9KJyGLiSsLa8BH6iImc=">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</latexit>

0
| i = p |00i + p |01i | i = p |00i + p |11i
2 2 2 2
Exercise
Can you create these two Bell pairs?

A) B)
Four Bell states
|1i
|0i
|1i
|0i + |1i
|0i
|1i
|0i
|1i
|0i
|1i
|0i + |1i
|0i
|1i
|0i

1 1 1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="9Oill7lyEB/TyKKhzUnL1J+tbH4=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="sfSJIjJoTCl7Y9A6KLPhTFCyN9M=">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</latexit>

p |00i + p |11i p |00i + p |11i


2 2 2 2

|1i
|0i
|1i
|0i + |1i
|0i
|1i
|0i
|1i
|0i
|1i
|0i + |1i
|0i
|1i
|0i

1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="5zGt9KsSQN76PzflOuEbsOOD1fk=">AAADc3icjVJBT9RAGH27VVgXhUWPXBoWExPjpiUSPW7CRW+YuECyS0g7zGKz3bbOTA2bpj/On8EvUG5w4O6bsSQiEZmm7Zv3fe/NfDNfXKSJNkFw3mp7jx4vLXeedFeePltd660/39d5qYQciTzN1WEcaZkmmRyZxKTysFAymsepPIhnuzZ+8E0qneTZZ7Mo5NE8Os2SaSIiQ+q4N54YeWacTxWnpayryVRFogoJ9Fdlqu26riczaaogrP3X/oPTw6A+7vWDQeCGfxeEDeijGXv5eguY4AQ5BErMIZHBEKeIoPmMESJAQe4IFTlFlLi4RI0utSWzJDMisjN+TzkbN2zGufXUTi24SspXUenjJTU58xSxXc138dI5W/Zf3pXztHtb8B83XnOyBl/I/k93k/lQna3FYIr3roaENRWOsdWJxqV0p2J37v9RlaFDQc7iE8YVsXDKm3P2nUa72u3ZRi7+02Va1s5Fk1vi4t7qClaxYMTejr7nbiqc3bqJLnsm/LtD7oL97UG4Mwg+ve0PPzbd08EGNvGKHfIOQ3zAHkZ0/o4fuMRV+9rb8Da9rd+p7VajeYFbw3vzC9p3xPo=</latexit>

1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="roE9cKmjZx1Zg84TNnRUNlZfAQU=">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</latexit>

p |01i + p |10i p |01i + p |10i


2 2 2 2
Four Bell states

1 1 1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="9Oill7lyEB/TyKKhzUnL1J+tbH4=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="sfSJIjJoTCl7Y9A6KLPhTFCyN9M=">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</latexit>

p |00i + p |11i p |00i + p |11i


2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="5zGt9KsSQN76PzflOuEbsOOD1fk=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="roE9cKmjZx1Zg84TNnRUNlZfAQU=">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</latexit>

p |01i + p |10i p |01i + p |10i


2 2 2 2
Bell’s measurement
Bell
1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="9Oill7lyEB/TyKKhzUnL1J+tbH4=">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</latexit>

p |00i + p |11i 00
2 2
Bell
1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="sfSJIjJoTCl7Y9A6KLPhTFCyN9M=">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</latexit>

p |00i + p |11i 01
2 2
Bell
1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="5zGt9KsSQN76PzflOuEbsOOD1fk=">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</latexit>

p |01i + p |10i 10
2 2
Bell
1 1
<latexit sha1_base64="roE9cKmjZx1Zg84TNnRUNlZfAQU=">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</latexit>

p |01i + p |10i 11
2 2
Outline

1. Circuit composer
2. Dirac notation
3. One-qubit gates {X,Z,H}
4. Two-qubits gates {CNOT}
5. Entanglement
6. Quantum Enigmas
Exercise
Can you tell what is obtained after measurement in each case?
Next steps

• Qiskit textbook:
https://qiskit.org/textbook/preface.html

• Coding with Qiskit on Youtube


Qiskit

4 modules (elements)
Terra
Circuit creation and pulse
Ignis
Error and noise characterization and
mitigation
Aqua (now subdivided)
Nature (chemistry), Finance,
Machine Learning, Optimization
Aer
Simulation
Questions?

IBM

[email protected]

You might also like