drying practical

CPUT
Diploma in Chemical Engineering
Drying
Aim: The aim of this
experiment is to investigate the
effect of changing air
conditions
on the drying profile of silica
sand and activated carbon.
The effect will be measured
by a change in the total mass
of samples investigated.
Synopsis: Drying is a mass
transfer process that eliminates
tiny quantities of moisture or
water from
a product or process stream. The
purpose of this experiment is to
dry wet sand in order to
determine
its drying pace, moisture content,
and the influence of air velocity
on the sand mixture's drying rate.
The sand is evenly scattered on
the tray. The mass of the sand is
weighed before and after the
experiment. During the
experiment, the mass of the sand
mixture is measured every 2
minutes. The
moisture content and drying rate
both decrease over time. The
drying curve of sand is equivalent
to
the theoretical drying curve.
Drying
Aim: The aim of this
experiment is to investigate the
effect of changing air
conditions
on the drying profile of silica
sand and activated carbon.
The effect will be measured
by a change in the total mass
of samples investigated.
Synopsis: Drying is a mass
transfer process that eliminates
tiny quantities of moisture or
water from
a product or process stream. The
purpose of this experiment is to
dry wet sand in order to
determine
its drying pace, moisture content,
and the influence of air velocity
on the sand mixture's drying rate.
The sand is evenly scattered on
the tray. The mass of the sand is
weighed before and after the
experiment. During the
experiment, the mass of the sand
mixture is measured every 2
minutes. The
moisture content and drying rate
both decrease over time. The
drying curve of sand is equivalent
to
the theoretical drying curve.
Drying

Aim
The aim of this practice is to investigate the effect of changing air conditions on the drying
profile of silica sand and activated carbon. The effect will be measured by a change in the
total mass of samples investigated.
Synthesis
A mass transfer method called drying removes trace amounts of moisture or water from a
product or process stream. This experiment involves drying wet sand to determine its drying
rate, moisture content, and the impact of air velocity on the drying rate of the sand
combination. On the plate, the sand is dispersed uniformly. Sand is weighed both before and
after the experiment to determine its mass. Every 2 minutes during the experiment, the
mass of the sand mixture is recorded. Both the moisture level and drying speed get slower
with time. Sand's drying curve matches the theoretical drying curve exactly.

Procedure

he sample silica sand was

spread across the drying tray
one particle thick
subsequent to determining the
mass of the drying tray.
2. The sample was then
sprayed with water from a
spray until the surface of the
sand was thoroughly wet.
3. Weight measures were taken
from the sand and water
mixture.
4. The heating element and fan
were turned on until the air
entering the dryer
was at a constant temperature.
5. The mass of the sample, the
air temperature and surface
temperature at two-
minute intervals were
recorded.
6. The fan was turned off
before taking the mass reading
to avoid disturbances
in the mass reading.
The air flow rate was recorde
1. The sample silica sand was spread across the drying tray one particle thick after
determining the mass of the drying tray.
2. The sample was then sprayed with water from a spray until the surface of the sand was
thoroughly wet.
3. Weight measures were taken from the sand and water mixture.
 4. The heating element and fan were turned on until the air entering the dryer was at a
constant temperature.
5. The mass of the sample, the air temperature and surface temperature at two-minute
intervals were recorded.
6. The fan was turned off before taking the mass reading to avoid disturbances in the mass
reading. The flow rate of air was recorded.

Results and Calculations

Silica sand (dry)– 500g
Silica sand (wet)- 530g
Mass of Water – 30g
Velocity – 6 m/s
Density of Sand- 1442kg/m2
Density of water- 1000kg/m2
Length of Tray- 44cm =0.44 m
Breadth of Tray-45 cm=0.45 m
Area= l × b
= 0.44 × 0.45
= 0.198 m2
G- mass flow rate per unit area
A-Area
v- Velocity
ƿ- Density

G= ρvA
= (1000+1442)(6)(0.198)
=2901.1 kg.s-1.m2

0.8
h=C G

¿ 14.5 ( 2901.10.8 )
= 42065.9 W/m2/K
Time(min) Sand mass (kg) Sample Temp (degrees)
0 0.530
2 0.528 46.4
4 0.524 44.3
6 0.520 44.4
8 0.517 44.6
10 0.514 45
12 0.510 45.4
14 0.507 45.7
16 0.508 46.1
18 0.504 46.5
20 0.503 47.2
22 0.500 48.3
 Mass v.s Time Graph
0.535
0.53
0.525
0.52
Sand Mass (kg)

0.515
0.51
0.505
0.5
0.495
0.49
0.485
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Time(minutes)

Sand Mass(kg)

Discussion
The removal of relatively small quantities of water from a substance is known as drying. Air
frequently removes water as a vapor while drying. In order to conduct this experiment, the
substance was put inside the drying device and dried for a predetermined period of time. In
this experiment, the drier operates by heating wet sand to cause the wetness to evaporate
while simultaneously guiding air velocity through a heated element that serves as a mass
transfer. The amount of moisture in wet sand reduces directly proportional to the amount of
time spent on it.
In this experiment, the starting mass of the sand is 500g, and the weight of the sand mixed
with water is 530g, showing that the weight of the water was 30g. The moisture content of
the sand mixture was calculated every 2 minutes from the start of the experiment until the
finish. Because the water in the sand evaporated as dry air moved through the mixture, the
moisture level decreased over time. But there was a bit of a problem as the mass of the sand
increased after 816 minutes, this was caused by adding additional weight because person
applied pressure on the drier. Because the mass of the combination was 500g after 22
minutes, showing that there was no more water in the sand, the water took 22 minutes to
completely evaporate and leave the sand.
Conclusion
Based on the data and graph plotted, the aim of the practical was met. At the end of the
experiment the sand mass was exactly the same as before water was sprayed .