1 Fractions

YEAR 6 – MATHEMATICS
FRACTIONS
When we divide a shape into equal parts each part is called a fraction.
1
“one over four” or “one fourth” or
4
“one quarter”
1
“one over two” or “one half”
2
3
“three over eight” or “ three eighths”
8
1
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023 – 2024
PARTS OF FRACTION
numerator
𝑎
𝑏
denominator
Naming Fractions
1
1) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2
1
2) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4
3
3) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4
3
4) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5
5
5) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12
3
6) 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7
2
TYPES OF FRACTIONS
1) PROPER FRACTIONS :
This is a fraction which has a numerator smaller than the denominator.
Ex:
5 1 10 5 999
, , , , ,…
12 3 100 1000000 1000
2) IMPROPER FRACTIONS
This is a fraction which has the numerator bigger than or equal to the denominator.
Ex:
5 8 20 7 101
, , , , ,…
5 7 10 5 100
3) MIXED NUMBER (FRACTIONS)

This is a fraction with a whole part and a proper fraction part.
Ex:
6 5 999 1 8
3 8, 3 , 2 , 5 2, 7 ,…
6 1000 9
3
Changing Mixed Numbers Into Improper Fraction
Ex:
Change each of these mixed numbers into improper fractions.

2 1
1) 1 5 3) 3 4
2 3
2) 4 7 4) 5 10
Changing Improper Fractions Into Mixed Numbers

Divide the numerator by the denominator.
Numerator Denominator
“a” whole number
-
“b” numerator
Ex:
Change each of these improper fractions into mixed numbers.
23 28
1) 7
3) 11
41 43
2) 4) 10
9
4
Simplifying Fractions
Keywords:
Simplify
Simplest form
Reduce
Lowest form
➢ Divide both numerator and denominator by the same whole number as much as
possible.
Ex:
24
1) a) Simplify 30 .
b) In a class of a 28 pupils there are 12 boys. What fraction of the pupils are (give your
answer in a simplest form )
i) boys
ii) girls
c) Write 42 as a fraction of 70 in its lowest term.
2) Brian cuts a pineapple into eight equal pieces. He eats two of the pieces . What
fraction of the pineapple did he eat ? Give your answer in its simplest form.
5
3) Clare cuts a pizza into twelve equal pieces. Her family eats nine of the slices. What
fraction of the pizza is left for Clare? (Simplest form )
4) Reduce each of these fractions to their lowest terms:
84
a) 300
26
b) 39
44
c) 154
198
d) 462
525
e) 1155
625
f) 1000
6
Equivalent Fractions
Ex:
35 53
Are 70 and 106 equivalent ?
Way 1 : Way 2 :
Ex:
5
Write down three fractions equivalent to .
7
Ex:
2 ?
The fraction 3 is equivalent to “12”. Find the value of the unknown number.
Ex:
7
Write an equivalent fraction to 8 with a denominator 56.
7
Ex:
Find the missing numbers in each of these sets of equivalent fractions.
300 3 3 ? 24 21
a) =? f) 4 = 8= 32= ?
100
56 ? 3 24
b) = g) ? = 64
96 12
? 64 5 ?
c) = h) =
7 56 6 18
24 4 2 8 ? 20
d) =5 i) = ? = 27= ?
? 3
COMPARING FRACTIONS
2 7
Ex: Which is bigger or ?
3 12
Way 1 :
Way 2 :
8
Ex:
1 2
Which fraction is bigger 6 or 11 ?
Ex:
Write < or > in each space to make the inequality true.
5 2
a) …… 3
7
3 5
b) − 16 ……. -24
5 11
c) ……. 13
9
6 19
d) − 7 ……. − 21
8 11
e) − 15 …….− 20
8 11
f) ……… 20
15
Ex:
1 2 5
Arrange the fractions 2, 3, 8 in ascending order.
Ex:
2 3 7
Arrange the fractions 3, 5, 15 in descending order.
9
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS
If the denominators are equal, add or subtract the numerators but if the denominators are
NOT equal, equate the denominators and then add or subtract the numerators.
Ex:
Calculate the following and give your answer in simplest form.
1 2
1) +
4 4
1 1
2) +3
2
3 5
3) 3 10 - 1 6
2 3 1
4) +4-2
3
1 1 1
5) + 3 + 26
2
10
1 1 5
6) 1 8 + 42 - 3 6
3 1 1
7) + 14 - 12
5
7 4 1
8) 9 - 6 + 3
8 5 2
2 1 1
9) 5 + + 2
5 3 6
1 1 5 3
10) 1 8 + 4 2 - 3 6 + 2 4
11
MULTIPLICATION OF FRACTION
!! Don’t equate the denominator !!
Simplify cross numbers. Then multiply numerators together. Multiply denominators together.
OR
Multiply the numerators together. Multiply denominators together. Simplify the answer.
Ex:
Simplify
7 4
1) x
124 21
2
2) x 36
3
2 1
3) 2 x 3
5 4
1 3
4) 1 x 1
2 5
12
1 4 1
5) 1 x 1 x 5
3 5 3
9 10
6) 3 x x
20 27
1 1 5
7) 1 x 1 x2
17 3 6
11 13
8) 8 x x
18 22
3 4
9) of 4
10 9
1 1 1
10) 2 x 1 x
2 3 10
13
DIVISION OF FRACTION
• First fraction does not change.

• Reverse the second fraction.
• Then, multiply it by the first fraction.
Ex:
3 9
a) 
8 16
3 9
b) 15  16
2
c) 5
3
2 3
d) 215  1 5
1 3
e) 96  2 4
1 5 5
f)  
2 12 6
14
MIXED OPERATIONS
Ex:
Use the correct order of operations to work out these calculations. Write each answer in its
lowest term.
1 2 1
a) (1 2 + 3 ) x 1 5
1 1 1
b) (83 x 5 ) - (2 3  3 2)
1 2 1
c) (3 -1  3 )
2 3 3
1 1 4 1
d) ( + )  (1 - 1 )
4 3 5 3
e)
+ x
15
PROBLEMS
3
1) Billy collected 256 stamps but last of them fell on his way to school through a hole in his
4
bag. When he arrived at school, how many stamps did Billy have left?
3
2) There are 25 pupils in the class. of the pupils support Chelsea and the remainder support
5
Arsenal. How many pupils support Arsenal?
1 2
3) James earns £800 a month. He spends of this money on rent. James spends of the money
4 5
on food and bills. How much money has he left ?
2 1
4) Kyle owns lots of computer games. of his games are sports and of them are action games.
5 4
The rest are adventure games. What fraction are adventure games?
16

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YEAR 6 – MATHEMATICS

3) MIXED NUMBER (FRACTIONS)

Change each of these mixed numbers into improper fractions.

Changing Improper Fractions Into Mixed Numbers

c) Write 42 as a fraction of 70 in its lowest term.

4) Reduce each of these fractions to their lowest terms:

!! Don’t equate the denominator !!

• First fraction does not change.

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