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    Grammar II

    Uploaded by

    Laura Andrea Guevara Vianna

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Grammar II

    Uploaded by

    Laura Andrea Guevara Vianna
    27 views7 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    27 views7 pages

    Grammar II

    Uploaded by

    Laura Andrea Guevara Vianna

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Unit 1- Some basic concepts

    Formal Grammar VS Functional Grammar


     Grammar as a set of rules  Language as a system of
    communication Grammar
     Specifies all the possible analyses how it is organized to make
    grammatical structures. and exchange meaning.
     Focus: Appropriateness of a form
     Makes a distinction between
    for a particular communicative
    grammatical and ungrammatical
    purpose in a particular context.
    structures .

     Concern: forms of grammatical


     Concern: Functions of structures,
    and their
    structures
    their constituents and their
    relationship.
    meaning in context.
     Examples are made up to  Examples are taken from
    illustrate the grammatical rules. authentic texts in specific
    contexts.
    “A description of a grammar needs to do
    more tan simply lay out the forms of
    structures of the language. It needs to
    show what they are for and how they
    are used.”
    (Graham Lock. “Functional English Grammar” p.3)

    That is the primary aim of Functional


    Grammar.
    How does language work?
    Levels of analysis.
    PHONOLOGY SOUNDS

    LEXIS WORDS

    GRAMMAR STRUCTURE MORPHOLOGY


    SYNTAX
    SEMANTICS MEANING
    The organization of Grammar.
     RANK WORD
    GROUP/PHRASE
    CLAUSE
    SENTENCE EMBEDDING Unit within another unit.
    Same or lower Rank

     CLASS WORD CLASS (N-V-ADJ-ADV)


    GROUP CLASS
    Meaning in grammar
     Experiential:
    Language represents our
    experience and inner thoughts.

     Interpersonal:How we use language to


    act with one another and express our
    judgement and attitudes.

     Textual:Ways in which language is


    organized in relation to its context. The
    creation of coherence.
    Grammatical Functions
     Functions Uses of language
    How language is organized to enable speakers to express
    meaning.

     TYPES:
     SUBJECT: Noun groups. Determine person and number of the
    Finite.

     FINITE: Marked for tense and number agreement.

     OBJECT: Typically noun group. Follow the Finite and Predicator.

     ADJUNT: Additional. Typically adverbs or prepositional phrases.

     PREDICATOR: Everything in the verb group except the Finite.

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