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California Housing Dataset

The document loads and explores housing data from California. It imports necessary libraries, loads and summarizes the data, creates various visualizations of the data including histograms, scatter plots, and heatmaps. It then performs machine learning by splitting the data, fitting a linear regression model, and evaluating the model performance.

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Anas Ishaq
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173 views3 pages

California Housing Dataset

The document loads and explores housing data from California. It imports necessary libraries, loads and summarizes the data, creates various visualizations of the data including histograms, scatter plots, and heatmaps. It then performs machine learning by splitting the data, fitting a linear regression model, and evaluating the model performance.

Uploaded by

Anas Ishaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Importing Libraries

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import plotly.express as px
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_california_housing
sns.set()
%matplotlib inline

A:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\scipy\__init__.py:155: UserWarning: A
NumPy version >=1.18.5 and <1.25.0 is required for this version of
SciPy (detected version 1.26.3
warnings.warn(f"A NumPy version >={np_minversion} and
<{np_maxversion}"

Loading Data
house = fetch_california_housing(data_home=None,
download_if_missing=True, return_X_y=False, as_frame=True)
df = house.data
df['MedHouseValue'] = house.target
df.head()

Summary Statistics
df.describe()

Visualizations for complete DataFrame


Histogram for all columns
df.hist(bins=50, figsize=(12,8))
plt.show()

MedInc VS MedHouseValue
px.scatter(df,x='MedInc',y='MedHouseValue')
Housing Value based on Location
px.scatter(df, x="Longitude",y="Latitude",
color='MedHouseValue',size='Population')

import folium
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
import numpy as np
import branca.colormap as cm

# Assuming df is your DataFrame


# Normalize 'MedHouseValue' column for color mapping
medhv_norm = (df['MedHouseValue'] - df['MedHouseValue'].min()) /
(df['MedHouseValue'].max() - df['MedHouseValue'].min())

# Create a colormap
colormap = plt.cm.viridis

# Create a LinearColormap for the legend


min_medhv = df['MedHouseValue'].min()
max_medhv = df['MedHouseValue'].max()
linear = cm.LinearColormap([mcolors.rgb2hex(colormap(i)) for i in
np.linspace(0, 1, colormap.N)],
vmin=min_medhv, vmax=max_medhv,
caption='Median House Value') # Caption
for the legend

# Create a map centered around California


map_california = folium.Map(location=[36.7783, -119.4179],
zoom_start=6)

# Add points to the map with colors based on 'MedHouseValue'


for index, row in df.iterrows():
# Get normalized 'MedHouseValue' value for the current row
norm_value = medhv_norm.iloc[index]
# Get color from colormap
color = mcolors.rgb2hex(colormap(norm_value))

folium.CircleMarker([row['Latitude'], row['Longitude']],
radius=5, # Size of the marker
fill=True,
fill_color=color,
color=None,
fill_opacity=0.7).add_to(map_california)

# Add the colormap to the map as a legend


map_california.add_child(linear)
# Display the map
map_california

Visualizations for a random chunk of DataFrame


chunk = df[2000:3000]
chunk.describe()

MedInc VS MedHouseValue
px.scatter(chunk,x='MedInc',y='MedHouseValue')

AveRooms VS MedHouseValue
px.scatter(chunk,x='AveRooms',y='MedHouseValue')

Heatmap
cor = df.corr()
sns.heatmap(cor, annot=True,fmt='.2f')

Machine Learning
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

X =
df.drop(['MedHouseValue','Population','AveOccup','AveBedrms'],axis=1)
Y = df[['MedHouseValue']]
xtrain, xtest, ytrain, ytest = train_test_split(X, Y, test_size=0.4,
random_state=42)

model = LinearRegression().fit(xtrain,ytrain)
pred = model.predict(xtest)

from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, r2_score


r2 = r2_score(ytest, pred)
print("R-squared:", r2)

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