SAU.

SUNDARABAI MANAIK ADSUL

POLYTECHNIC CHAS , AHMEDNAGAR

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Micro project report entitled

"8051 Microcontroller Architecture with Applications"

Submitted by :-

Name of student EnrollmentNo. Program

NOMUL NITYA EJ-4-I

EJ-4-I
EJ-4-I

of semester 4TH institute. SAU. SUNDARABAI MANIK ADSUL POLYTECHNIC,

CHAS, AHMEDNAGAR (code:1464) has completed the Micro project satisfactorily in

course (22320) the Academic year 2022-23prescribedintheMSBTEcurriculum.

Place: CHAS Date:…………………………

Prof palande s.c Prof. Palande S.C. Prof.Gadakh.R.S

(Micro project guide) (Head Of Department) (Principal)

 Sau. Sundarabai Manaik Adsul Polytechnic chas ,
Ahmednagar
A MICRO PROJECT

"8051 Microcontroller Architecture with Applications"

Program & Programcode : EJ-4-I

Course MAA

Course code : 22426

Submitted by :-

EJ-4-I
EJ-4-I
EJ-4-I

Under the Guidance of

Prof. PALANDA S.C.
In part all fulfilment of requirement for the

award of Diplomain Electronics & Tele.

Comunication Engineering.
What is an 8051 Microcontroller?

The microcontroller like 8051 was designed in the year 1981 by Intel. The
microcontroller is one kind of integrated circuit that includes 40-pins with
dual inline package or DIP, RAM-128 bytes, ROM-4kb & 16-bit timers–2.
Based on the requirement, it includes addressable & programmable 4 –
parallel 8-bit ports. In the 8051 microcontroller architecture, the system bus
plays a key role to connect all the devices to the central processing unit.
This bus includes a data bus- an 8-bit, an address bus-16-bit & bus control
signals. Other devices can also be interfaced throughout the system bus
like ports, memory, interrupt control, serial interface, the CPU, timers.

There are two buses in 8051 Microcontroller one for the program and
another for data. As a result, it has two storage rooms for both programs
and data of 64K by 8 sizes. The microcontroller comprises of 8-bit
accumulator & an 8-bit processing unit. It also consists of 8 bit B register as
majorly functioning blocks and 8051 microcontroller programming is done
with embedded C language using Keil software. It also has several other 8 bit
and 16-bit registers.
For internal functioning & processing Microcontroller, 8051 comes with
integrated built-in RAM. This is prime memory and is employed for storing
temporary data. It is an unpredictable memory i.e. its data can get be lost
when the power supply to the Microcontroller switched OFF. This
microcontroller is very simple to use, affordable less computing power,
simple architecture & instruction set.

Features
The main features of the 8051 microcontroller architecture include the
following.
 8-bit CPU through two Registers A & B.
 8K Bytes – Internal ROM and it is a flash memory that supports while
programming the system.
 256 Bytes – Internal RAM where the first RAM with 128 Bytes from 00H
to 7FH is once more separated into four banks through 8 registers in
every bank, addressable registers -16 bit & general-purpose registers –
80.
 The remaining 128 bytes of the RAM from 80H to FFH include Special
Function Registers (SFRs). These registers control various peripherals
such as Serial Port, Timers, all I/O Ports, etc.
 Interrupts like External-2 & Internal-3
 Oscillator & CLK Circuit.
 Control Registers like PCON, SCON, TMOD, TCON, IE, and IP.
 16-bit Timers or Counters -2 like T0 & T1.
 Program Counter – 16 bit & DPRT (Data Pointer).
 I/O Pins – 32 which are arranged like four ports such as P0, P1, P2 &
P3.
 Stack Pointer (SP) – 8bit & PSW (Processor Status Word).
 Serial Data Tx & Rx for Full-Duplex Operation

8051 Microcontroller Architecture

The 8051 microcontroller architecture is shown below. Let’s have a closer

look at the features of the 8051 microcontroller design:

CPU (Central Processor Unit):

As you may be familiar that the Central Processor Unit or CPU is the mind of
any processing machine. It scrutinizes and manages all processes that are
carried out in the Microcontroller. The user has no power over the functioning
of the CPU. It interprets the program printed in storage space (ROM) and
carries out all of them and does the projected duty. CPU manages different
types of registers in the 8051 microcontrollers.
Interrupts:

As the heading put forward, Interrupt is a subroutine call that reads the
Microcontroller’s key function or job and helps it to perform some other
program which is extra important then. The characteristic of 8051 Interrupt is
extremely constructive as it aids in emergency cases. Interrupts provide us
a method to postpone or delay the current process, carry out a sub-routine
task and then all over again restart standard program implementation.
The Micro-controller 8051 can be assembled in such a manner that it
momentarily stops or break the core program at the happening of the
interrupt. When the sub-routine task is finished then the implementation of
the core program initiates automatically as usual. There are 5 interrupt
supplies in the 8051 Microcontroller, two out of five are peripheral interrupts,
two are timer interrupts and one is serial port interrupt.

Memory

The micro-controller needs a program that is a set of commands. This

program enlightens the Microcontroller to perform precise tasks. These
programs need a storage space on which they can be accumulated and
interpret by the Microcontroller to act upon any specific process. The memory
which is brought into play to accumulate the program of the Microcontroller
is recognized as Program memory or code memory. In common language,
it’s also known as Read-Only Memory or ROM.

The microcontroller also needs memory to amass data or operands for the
short term. The storage space which is employed to momentarily data
storage for functioning is acknowledged as Data Memory and we employ
Random Access Memory or RAM for this principle reason. Microcontroller
8051 contains code memory or program memory 4K so which has 4KB Rom
and it also comprises data memory (RAM) of 128 bytes.