Fluid mechanics laborat

Flow through a venturi meter

2019.09.30.

ERIKA FARKAS ID:51875813

ATTENDANCE DATE: 23/09/2019
Content:
 Main objectives
 Introduction
 Experimental procedure
 Experimental data
 Results and analysis
 Discussion

Main objective:
The aim of this lab session is to experience how the Venturi meter works, to learn how to
measure the flow rate in a pipe, and to understand Bernoulli’s theorem by that.

Introduction:
The Venturi meter is a device we use in pipes to make them tighter in certain points to cause a
reduction in the fluid pressure and this way to able to measure the volumetric flow rate. The
meter contains a converging section, where the cross-section is constantly decreasing in the
direction of the flow, followed by a piece of pipe with a constant cross-section (called throat)
and ends in a diverging section, where the cross-section starts to increase again. The pressure
in the throat is much smaller than the pressure in the two ends which causes an increase in the
velocity. This is the phenomenon that we use to measure the flow rate, defined by Bernoulli’s
theorem.

The experimental procedure:

Part 1: Piezometric head and total head
Following the instructions, using both valves (one of them for letting the water in the pipes
and the other one is for controlling) we set the flow rate on the Venturi meter to get the
highest h1-hT value that is possible to get, which means the maximum flow rate. We knew we
got the maximum h1-hT value when we saw that h1 was very close to the top and hT was very
close to the bottom. Our readings of the measurement were recorded in the table below
completed by the other required calculations.
Volumetric flow rate measurement result:
 Volum
Volum
t e- Q Q
eEnd
Start
sec liters liters l/s m³/s
32.36 1 6 0.15451174 0.00015451
Piezom 2 h+v 2/(2g
h h d a v v /(2g )
eter )
Tube
mm m mm m2 m/s m m
No.
1 290 0.29 25 0.000491 0.314687867 0.00504732 0.29504732

2 227 0.227 13.9 0.000152 1.016524624 0.05266678 0.27966678

3 165 0.165 11.8 0.000109 1.417538926 0.10241675 0.26741675

4 100 0.1 10.7 0.00009 1.716797143 0.15022388 0.25022388

5 7 0.007 10 0.000078 1.980919781 0.2000022 0.2070022

6 105 0.105 25 0.000491 0.314687867 0.00504732 0.11004732

To complete the table I did the required calculations. Some of the equations are not shown in
the table, they are the following:

Q
[]
1 Volume end−Volume start
s
=
t

[ ]
3
m Q
Q =
s 1000
Q
v=
a

The following graph shows the piezometric head and the total head along the Venturi meter.
 Piezometric head vs. total head
0.35
0.3
0.25
Head (m)

0.2 Piezometric head

0.15 Total head
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Tube number

Part 2: Calibration of the Venturi meter:

We repeated the same method that we used in Part 1 for five more times. The results are
shown below.

Volum
Volume (h 1-h
e- t h 1 h T Q h 1-h T
End T )1/2 C
Start
liters liters sec mm mm m³/s m m
0 5 32.36 290 7 0.000154512 0.283 0.1415 2.692723751
0 5 29 288 10 0.000172414 0.278 0.139 3.058749812
0 5 35.5 255 45 0.000140845 0.21 0.105 3.307798924
0 5 40 286 114 0.000125 0.172 0.086 3.584250143
0 5 70.3 178 128 7.11238E-05 0.15 0.075 2.338515029
0 5 90.9 237 201 5.50055E-05 0.036 0.018 7.535643864

Q
C= 1
B∗( h 1−hT ) 2

√(
2∗9.81
B=aT∗
1−
aT 2
a1 )
The following graph shows Q versus (h1-hT)1/2

Q vs. (h1-hT)^(1/2)
0.0002

0.00018

0.00016

0.00014

0.00012

0.0001
Q

0.00008

0.00006

0.00004

0.00002

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
(h1-hT)^(1/2)
Discussion
Using the Venturi meter we experienced Bounelli’s theorem, and also learnt how to use this
device in real life.
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