3.

1a Current Mirror – Basic, Wilson and Cascode Current Mirror

Problem: Design a MOSFET current source to meet specifications: Bias

voltages: 𝑉 : = 2.5𝑉, ; 𝑉 ; = 0; 𝑘𝑛′ = 100𝜇𝐴/𝑉 2 ; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 0.4𝑉; 𝜆 = 0. Design
circuit with 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 100𝜇𝐴, 𝐼0 = 60𝜇𝐴 and 𝑉𝐷𝑆2(𝑠𝑎𝑡) = 0.4𝑉
 3.1a Current Mirror – Basic, Wilson and Cascode Current Mirror

Problem: Design a MOSFET current source to meet specifications: Bias

voltages: 𝑉 : = 2.5𝑉, ; 𝑉 ; = 0; 𝑘𝑛′ = 100𝜇𝐴/𝑉 2 ; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 0.4𝑉; 𝜆 = 0. Design
circuit with 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 100𝜇𝐴, 𝐼0 = 60𝜇𝐴 and 𝑉𝐷𝑆2(𝑠𝑎𝑡) = 0.4𝑉
 3.4 MOSFET Differential Amplifier with Active Load

Problem2: Consider MOSFET Current source circuit in figure. Transistor parameters

𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 0.5𝑉, 𝑘𝑛′ = 80𝜇𝐴/𝑉 2 ; 𝜆 = 0.015𝑉 ;1 .
A) Design the circuit such that 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 50𝜇𝐴 and normal bias current is 𝐼0 = 100𝜇𝐴;
𝑉𝐷𝑆2 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 0.25𝑉
B) Find output resistance 𝑅0
c) Find percentage change in 𝐼0 for a change in drain to source voltage Δ𝑉𝐷𝑆2 = 1𝑉
A) 𝑉𝐷𝑆2 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 0.25 = 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 0.5 𝑉𝐺𝑆 = 0.75𝑉
k′n 𝑊
• 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 50𝜇𝐴 = 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑇𝑁 2
2 𝐿 1
80𝜇 𝑊
50𝜇 = 0.75 − 0.5 2
2 𝐿 1
𝑊
On solving: = 20
𝐿 1
𝑊
𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 𝐿 1 50𝜇 20 𝑊
We know that = 𝑊 = 𝑊 = 40
𝐼0 100𝜇 𝐿 2
𝐿 2 𝐿 2
 3.4 MOSFET Differential Amplifier with Active Load

Problem:
Problem1: Consider MOSFET Current source circuit in figure.
𝑉 : = +2.5𝑉; 𝑅 = 15𝑘Ω; Transistor parameters 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 0.5𝑉, 𝑘𝑛′ =
2 𝑊
80𝜇𝐴/𝑉 ; = 6; 𝜆 = 0. Find 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 , 𝐼𝑜 , 𝑉𝐷𝑆2(𝑠𝑎𝑡)
𝐿
2.5;𝑉𝐺𝑆 0.08
• 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = = 6 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 0.5 2
15 2
2
2.5 − 𝑉𝐺𝑆 = 3.6 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝐺𝑆 + 0.25
2.6 ± 6.76 + 23.04
𝑉𝐺𝑆 = = 1.1193𝑉
2(3.6)
2.5;𝑉𝐺𝑆
• 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = = 92.05𝜇𝐴
15
• 𝐼0 = 92.05𝜇𝐴 (= 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 ) current mirror
• 𝑉𝐷𝑆2 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 1.1193 − 0.5 = 0.619𝑉
 3.4 MOSFET Differential Amplifier with Active Load

Problem2: Consider MOSFET Current source circuit in figure. Transistor parameters

𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 0.5𝑉, 𝑘𝑛′ = 80𝜇𝐴/𝑉 2 ; 𝜆 = 0.015𝑉 ;1 .
A) Design the circuit such that 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 50𝜇𝐴 and normal bias current is 𝐼0 = 100𝜇𝐴;
𝑉𝐷𝑆2 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 0.25𝑉
B) Find output resistance 𝑅0
c) Find percentage change in 𝐼0 for a change in drain to source voltage Δ𝑉𝐷𝑆2 = 1𝑉
𝑊 𝑊
A) 𝑉𝐺𝑆 = 0.75𝑉 ; 𝐿 = 20 ; 𝐿 = 40
1 2
𝑉 + ;𝑉𝐺𝑆 2;0.75
𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 0.050𝑚 = = 𝑅 = 25𝑘Ω
𝑅 𝑅
1 1
B) 𝑅0 = = = 667𝑘Ω
𝜆𝐼0 0.015 0.1𝑚
 3.4 MOSFET Differential Amplifier with Active Load

Problem2: Consider MOSFET Current source circuit in figure. Transistor parameters

𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 0.5𝑉, 𝑘𝑛′ = 80𝜇𝐴/𝑉 2 ; 𝜆 = 0.015𝑉 ;1 .
A) Design the circuit such that 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 50𝜇𝐴 and normal bias current is 𝐼0 = 100𝜇𝐴;
𝑉𝐷𝑆2 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 0.25𝑉
B) Find output resistance 𝑅0
c) Find percentage change in 𝐼0 for a change in drain to source voltage Δ𝑉𝐷𝑆2 = 1𝑉
𝑊 𝑊
A) 𝑉𝐺𝑆 = 0.75𝑉 ; 𝐿 1
= 20 ;
𝐿 2
= 40 𝑅 = 25𝑘Ω
B) 𝑅0 = 667𝑘Ω
C) Change in current Δ𝐼0 due to change in Δ𝑉𝐷𝑆2 :
Δ𝑉𝐷𝑆2 1
Δ𝐼0 = = = 1.5𝜇𝐴
𝑅𝑂 667𝑘
Percentage change in 𝐼0 :
Δ𝐼𝑂 1.5𝜇
× 100% = × 100% = 1.5%
𝐼𝑂 100𝜇
 3.2 MOSFET Basic Differential Pair, , Large signal analysis

2. MOSFET Diff-amp:
Basic differential pair: Problem
For the diff amplifier, calculate dc characteristics
Determine max range of common
mode input voltage. 𝑅𝐷 = 16𝑘Ω; 𝑅1 = 30𝑘Ω
The transistor parameters: 𝜆 = 0; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 1𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 = 𝐾𝑛2 = 0.1𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 and
𝐾𝑛3 = 𝐾𝑛4 = 0.3𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 .
•
3.2 MOSFET Basic Differential Pair, , Large signal analysis
 3.2 MOSFET Basic Differential Pair, , Large signal analysis

2. MOSFET Diff-amp: Basic differential pair: Problem

For the diff amplifier, calculate dc characteristics
Determine max range of common
mode input voltage. 𝑅𝐷 = 16𝑘Ω; 𝑅1 = 30𝑘Ω
The transistor parameters: 𝜆 = 0; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 1𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 = 𝐾𝑛2 = 0.1𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 and
𝐾𝑛3 = 𝐾𝑛4 = 0.3𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 .
• Find reference current: 𝐼𝑄 = 𝐼1 (current mirror)
𝑉𝑅1 𝑉 + ;(𝑉𝐺𝑆4 :𝑉 − ) 10;(𝑉𝐺𝑆4 ;10) 20;𝑉𝐺𝑆4 𝑣𝑆
• 𝐼1 = = = =
𝑅1 𝑅1 𝑅1 𝑅1
2
• Also 𝐼1 = 𝐾𝑛4 𝑉𝐺𝑆4 − 𝑉𝑇𝑁
• Substitute 𝐼1 and with given 𝑉𝑇𝑁 , 𝐾𝑛4 , 𝑅1
2
9𝑉𝐺𝑆4 − 17𝑉𝐺𝑆4 − 11 = 0
• On solving: 𝑉𝐺𝑆4 = 2.4𝑉 and 𝐼1 = 0.587𝑚𝐴 (= 𝐼𝑄 )
 3.2 MOSFET Basic Differential Pair, , Large signal analysis

2. MOSFET Diff-amp: Basic differential pair: Problem

For the diff amplifier, calculate dc characteristics
Determine max range of common
mode input voltage. 𝑅𝐷 = 16𝑘Ω; 𝑅1 = 30𝑘Ω
The transistor parameters: 𝜆 = 0; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 1𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 = 𝐾𝑛2 = 0.1𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 and
𝐾𝑛3 = 𝐾𝑛4 = 0.3𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 .
• 𝑉𝐺𝑆4 = 2.4𝑉 and 𝐼𝑄 = 0.587𝑚𝐴 𝑉𝐺𝑆1 𝑣𝑆 𝑉𝐺𝑆2
• For 𝑀1 , 𝑀2 :
𝐼𝑄
𝐼𝐷1 = 𝐼𝐷2 = = 0.293𝑚𝐴
2
𝐼𝐷1 0.293𝑚
𝑉𝐺𝑆1 = 𝑉𝐺𝑆2 = + 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = + 1 = 2.71𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 0.1𝑚
 3.2 MOSFET Basic Differential Pair, , Large signal analysis

2. MOSFET Diff-amp: Basic differential pair: Problem

For the diff amplifier, calculate dc characteristics
Determine max range of common
mode input voltage. 𝑅𝐷 = 16𝑘Ω; 𝑅1 = 30𝑘Ω
The transistor parameters: 𝜆 = 0; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 1𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 = 𝐾𝑛2 = 0.1𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 and
𝐾𝑛3 = 𝐾𝑛4 = 0.3𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 .
• 𝑉𝐺𝑆4 = 2.4𝑉 and 𝐼𝑄 = 0.587𝑚𝐴 𝑣𝑆
• For 𝑀1 , 𝑀2 :
𝐼𝑄
𝐼𝐷1 = 𝐼𝐷2 = = 0.293𝑚𝐴
2
𝐼𝐷1 0.293𝑚
𝑉𝐺𝑆1 = 𝑉𝐺𝑆2 = + 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = + 1 = 2.71𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 0.1𝑚

Quiescent values of 𝑣𝑂1 = 𝑣𝑂2 = 𝑉 : − 𝐼𝐷1 𝑅𝐷

= 10 − 0.293𝑚 16𝑘 = 5.31𝑉
 3.2 MOSFET Basic Differential Pair, , Large signal analysis

2. MOSFET Diff-amp: Basic differential pair: Problem

For the diff amplifier, calculate dc characteristics
Determine max range of common
mode input voltage. 𝑅𝐷 = 16𝑘Ω; 𝑅1 = 30𝑘Ω
The transistor parameters: 𝜆 = 0; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 1𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 = 𝐾𝑛2 = 0.1𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 and
𝐾𝑛3 = 𝐾𝑛4 = 0.3𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 .
𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
• 𝑉𝐺𝑆4 = 2.4𝑉 and 𝐼𝑄 = 0.587𝑚𝐴 𝑉𝐷𝑆1 𝑠𝑎𝑡

• For 𝑀1 , 𝑀2 : 𝐼𝐷1 = 𝐼𝐷2 = 0.293𝑚𝐴 𝑉𝐺𝑆1 = 2.71𝑉 𝑣𝑆

Quiescent values of 𝑣𝑂1 = 𝑣𝑂2 = 5.31𝑉
• Maximum common-mode input voltage is value
when 𝑀1 and 𝑀2 reach transition point (saturation)
• 𝑉𝐷𝑆1 = 𝑉𝐷𝑆2 = 𝑉𝐷𝑆1 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑉𝐺𝑆1 − 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 2.71 − 1 = 1.71𝑉
• 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑣𝑆 + 𝑣𝐺𝑆1
= 𝑣01 − 𝑉𝐷𝑆1 𝑠𝑎𝑡 + 𝑉𝐺𝑆1 = 5.31 − 1.71 + 2.71 = 6.31𝑉
 3.2 MOSFET Basic Differential Pair, , Large signal analysis

2. MOSFET Diff-amp: Basic differential pair: Problem

For the diff amplifier, calculate dc characteristics
Determine max range of common
mode input voltage. 𝑅𝐷 = 16𝑘Ω; 𝑅1 = 30𝑘Ω
The transistor parameters: 𝜆 = 0; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 1𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 = 𝐾𝑛2 = 0.1𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 and
𝐾𝑛3 = 𝐾𝑛4 = 0.3𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 .
𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑖𝑛
• 𝑉𝐺𝑆4 = 2.4𝑉 and 𝐼𝑄 = 0.587𝑚𝐴
• For 𝑀1 , 𝑀2 : 𝐼𝐷1 = 𝐼𝐷2 = 0.293𝑚𝐴 𝑉𝐺𝑆1 = 2.71𝑉 𝑣𝑆
Quiescent values of 𝑣𝑂1 = 𝑣𝑂2 = 5.31𝑉 ; 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6.31𝑉
• Minimum common-mode input voltage is value
when 𝑀4 reaches transition point (saturation) 𝑉𝐷𝑆4 𝑠𝑎𝑡
• 𝑉𝐷𝑆4 = 𝑉𝐷𝑆4 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑉𝐺𝑆4 − 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 2.4 − 1 = 1.4𝑉
• 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑣𝑆 + 𝑣𝐺𝑆1
= 𝑣𝐷𝑆4(𝑠𝑎𝑡) + 𝑉 ; + 𝑉𝐺𝑆1 = 1.4 + −10 + 2.71 = −5.89𝑉
 3.2 MOSFET Basic Differential Pair, , Large signal analysis

2. MOSFET Diff-amp: Basic differential pair: Problem

For the diff amplifier, calculate dc characteristics
Determine max range of common
mode input voltage. 𝑅𝐷 = 16𝑘Ω; 𝑅1 = 30𝑘Ω
The transistor parameters: 𝜆 = 0; 𝑉𝑇𝑁 = 1𝑉
𝐾𝑛1 = 𝐾𝑛2 = 0.1𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 and
𝐾𝑛3 = 𝐾𝑛4 = 0.3𝑚𝐴/𝑉 2 .
• 𝑉𝐺𝑆4 = 2.4𝑉 and 𝐼𝑄 = 0.587𝑚𝐴
• For 𝑀1 , 𝑀2 : 𝐼𝐷1 = 𝐼𝐷2 = 0.293𝑚𝐴 𝑉𝐺𝑆1 = 2.71𝑉
Quiescent values of 𝑣𝑂1 = 𝑣𝑂2 = 5.31𝑉 ; 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 6.31𝑉
• For this circuit: Maximum range for 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = −5.89𝑉
common mode input voltage is
• 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝑣𝐶𝑀 ≤ 𝑣𝐶𝑀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
−5.89𝑉 ≤ 𝑣𝐶𝑀 ≤ 6.31𝑉
A:1
Design a MOSFET current source circuit to meet
a set of specifications.

The bias voltages are V+ = 5 V and V− = 0. Transistors

are available with parameters k’n= 20 μA/V2, VT N = 1
V, and λ = 0. Design the circuit such that IREF =
0.25mA, IO = 0.1mA, and VDS2(sat) = 0.85 V
A:2
For the differential amplifier in Figure , the parameters are: V+ = 5 V, V− = −5 V, R1 = 80 kΩ, and RD = 40 kΩ.
The transistor parameters are λ = 0 and VT N = 0.8 V for all transistors, and Kn3 = Kn4 = 100 μA/V2 and Kn1 =
Kn2 = 50 μA/V2. Determine the range of the common-mode input voltage.
a