MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC JALGAON (0018)
Program Name and Code : Electronics & Telecommunication (EE2-K).
Course Name & Code : Basic Electronics (312309).
Academic Year : 2023-24.
Semester : Second.
A MICRO PROJECT ON
Water level indicator using transistor
Submitted in 2023-_24 by the group of Electrical Students.
Sr Roll Name of Students Enrollement Seat No.
No. No. No.
1. 21 Kale Aditya Ram. 2364022033
1
2. 23 Kannake Aman Chandrakant. 2364022033
3
3. 24 Kapse Anushka Nilesh 23640220334
Project Guided by
Miss. Samruddhi Shinde Mam.
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC JALGAON.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Kale Aditya Ram, Kannake Aman Chandrakant, Kapse
Anushka Nilesh Roll No. 21,23,24 of Second Semester of Diploma in
Electrical Engineering of Institute Government Polytechnic Jalgaon
(Code:0018) has completed the team work satisfactorily in the subject EOE
(312309) for the Academic year 2023-2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place: Jalgaon. Enrollement No.
Date: 23640220331,
23640220333,
23640220334.
Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal
Seal of
Institution
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Submission
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Group Copy Roll No. 21,23,24 of Second Semester of
Diploma in Electrical Engineering of Institute Government Polytechnic
Jalgaon (Code:0018) has completed the team work satisfactorily in the subject
BEL (312309) for the Academic year 2023-2024 as prescribed in the
curriculum.
Place: Jalgaon. Enrollment No.
Date 23640220331,
23640220333,
23640220334.
.
Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal
Seal of
Institution .
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Weekly work Report
SR WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF DATE
NO. GUIDE
1 1st Discussion & finalization of topic.
2 2nd Preparation & Submission of
Abstract.
3 3rd Literature Review.
4 4th Collection of Data.
5 5th Collection of Data.
6 6th Discussion & Outline of Content.
7 7th Formulation of Content.
8 8th Editing & Proof Reading of
Content.
9 9th Complication of Report &
Presentation.
10 10th Seminar.
11 11th Viva Voice
12 12th Final Submission of Micro Project.
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Roll Student Marks out of 06 for Marks out of 04 for Total out
No. Name performance in group performance in oral of 10.
activity. or presentation.
21 Kale Aditya Ram.
23 Kannake Aman
Chandrakant
24 Kapse Anushka Nilesh
Name & Signature of Faculty:
Miss. Samruddhi Shinde Mam.
ACKNOWLEDGE
The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance & assistance from
many people and we are extremely privileged to have got this all along the completion of our
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project. All that we have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and we would
not forget to thank them.
We respect and thank Dr. Parag Patil, Principal, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon for
providing us an opportunity to do the project work in the institute and giving us all support
and guidance which made us complete the project duly. We are extremely thankful to Dr.
Parag Patil Sir for providing such a nice support and guidance.
We heartily thank Mr. Sunil Kothavade , Head of Electrical Department , for his guidance,
suggestions and encouragement during this project work.
We owe our deep gratitude to our project guide Miss. Samruddhi Shinde Mam, who took
keen interest on our project work and guided us all along, till the completion of our project
work by providing all the necessary information for developing a good system.
We would never forget Miss. Samruddhi Shinde Mam, for her encouragement and more over
for their timely support and guidance till the completion of our project work.
We are thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and guidance
from all the Teaching staffs of Department of Electrical helped us in successfully completing
our project work.
Index
Sr No. Content Page No.
1. Introduction. 8
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2. Aim of the project 8
3. Apparatus 9
4. Circuit diagram 12
5. Working 13
6. Future Work 14
7. Water Level Indicator Project Features 14
8. Conclusion 15
9. Reference 16
Introduction
The facility requirements in many industries, farms, hostels, hotels, offices
include an overhead tank for water, which is usually fed through an electric
pump that is switched off when the tank is filled up and switched on when it is
empty. So, the most common way of knowing when the tank is filled is by
observing when it overflows the brim. Depending on the type of liquid being
handled, overfilling of such a tank could lead to a great liquid material losses
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ranging in the order of thousands of naira per week depending on the extent of
such application. These losses can be prevented if the tank is monitored
automatically by incorporating a feedback.
Water level indicator using transistor & buzzer is an amazing and very useful
project. The objective of this project is to notify the user the amount of water
that is present in the overhead water tank. This project can be further enhanced
to control the water level in the tank by turning it on, when the water level is
low, and turning it off when the water level is high.
AIM OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to notify the user the amount of water that is
present in the overhead water tank or industrial water tank and don't waste water.
APPARATUS
1. Transistor-BC547 (4 pieces)
2. Resistor-2202 (6 pieces)
3. Colour LED (3 pieces)
4. Buzzer (1 piece)
5. 9 v non-rechargeable battery (1 piece)
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6. Wires
1.Transistor-BC547
BC547 is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open
(Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed
(Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin.
BC547 Transistor Pinout Configuration:
Pin number Pin name Discription
1 Collector Current flows in through
collector
2 Base Controls the biasing of
transistor
3 Emitter Current Drains out
through emitter
BC547 Transistor Features
➤ Bi-Polar NPN Transistor
➤DC Current Gain (hFE) is 800 maximum
Continuous Collector current (IC) is 100mA
Emitter Base Voltage (VBE) is 6V
Base Current(IB) is 5mA maximum
➤ Available in To-92 Package
2.Resistor-2200
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements
electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used
to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
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elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
3. Color LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light
when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with
electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy
required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is
obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor
on the semiconductor device.
Combining red, green, and blue LEDs in a single LED device, such as a lighting
fixture or multi-chip LED, and controlling their relative intensities can produce
millions of colors. Additionally combining red, green, and blue in equal amounts
produces white light.
4.Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and
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beepers include alarm devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input such
as a mouse click or keystroke.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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Working
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Here we are using transistor (of NPN type) as a Switch. Initially there is no
voltage applied to the base of the Transistor Q1 and the transistor is in OFF state
and no current is flowing through collector and emitter and LED is OFF (See
below diagram to understand Transistor Pin structure.
When the water level reaches to Point A in the tank, the positive side of the
battery gets connected to the base of the Transistor Q1 through the water. So
when a positive voltage has been applied to the base of the Transistor Q1, it gets
into ON state and current starts flowing from collector to emitter. And RED
LED glows.
You can see resistors (R1, R2, R3) at the base of each transistor, which is used to
limit the maximum Base current. Generally a transistor gets its ON state fully
when a voltage of 0.7 V is applied to the base. There are also resistors (R4, R5,
R6) with each of the LEDs, to drop the voltage across LEDs, otherwise LED
may blow up.
Same phenomenon happens when water level reaches to Point B. As soon as
water level reaches to Point B, a positive voltage gets applied to the Transistor
Q2, it gets ON and current started flowing through YELLOW LED, and LED
glows. With same principle, GREEN LED glow when water level reaches to
Point C.And finally Buzzer beeps when water level reaches to D.
Note that Left most wire in the tank must be lengthier than other four wires in
the tanks, because this is the wire which is connected to positive voltage.
Future Work
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In future, we want upgrade this circuit with some sensor which can
automatically stop
the power supply of the driving pump or motor. As a result the future circuit is
not very
cheaper the the present one, but we try our best to
• Make it simple,
• Easy to use,
• Easy to install,
• To make Available for all,
• Try to smaller than the present one.
As a result it can available
Water Level Indicator Project Features
➤ Easy installation.
➤ Low maintenance.
➤ Compact elegant design.
➤ The Automatic water level controller ensures no overflows or dry running of
pump there by saves electricity and water.
➤ Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks.
➤ Fully automatic, saves man power.
➤Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation.
➤ Automatic water level controller provides you the flexibility to decide for
yourself the water levels for operations of pump set.
➤Shows clear indication of water levels in the overhead tank.
CONCLUSION
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The water level Indicator employs a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the
water level in an overhead tank or any other water container. The sensing is done
by using a set of four probes which are placed at four different levels. We can
conclude that this system is very beneficial in rural as well as urban areas. It
helps in the efficient utilization of available water sources. If used on a large
scale, it can provide a major contribution in the conservation of water for us and
the future generations. In these days, when the Earth's reserve of consumable
water is decreasing every moment, every drop has its value. Water level
controller is a simple yet effective way to prevent wastage of water. Its
simplicity in design and low cost components make it an ideal piece of
technology for the common man.
REFERENCE
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https://www.slideshare.net/faisalkhan692/water-level-indicator-alarm
https://www.google.com/search?
q=water+level+indicator+using+transistor+project+report+pdf&oq=&gs_lc
rp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCQgAECMYJxjqAjIJCAAQIxgnGOoCMgkIARAjG
CcY6gIyDwgCEC4YJxjHARjqAhjRAzIJCAMQIxgnGOoCMgkIBBAjGC
cY6gIyCQgFECMYJxjqAjIJCAYQIxgnGOoCMgkIBxAjGCcY6gLSAQ00
MjA2NjcyMThqMGo3qAIIsAIB&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.subr.edu/assets/subr/ElectricalEngineering/TargetedInfusion/
Files/ENGR-120_Water-Level-Indicator.pdf
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